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Implementación de prácticas sostenibles en proyectos de cooperación de voluntariado desde un enfoque de la dirección de proyectos
No full textEste estudio tiene como objetivo explorar y proponer un marco metodológico para la incorporación de prácticas sostenibles en la gestión de proyectos de cooperación de voluntariado. A través de un enfoque multidisciplinario, se pretende identificar las mejores prácticas y adaptarlas a diferentes contextos culturales y socioeconómicos, garantizando así la efectividad y sostenibilidad a largo plazo de dichos proyectos
Development of a decision-making method for the selection of suitable primary shaping processes in small volume production.
No full textThe selection of primary shaping processes is a critical task in manufacturing, particularly in meeting presents demands for rapid, cost-effective, and high-quality production. Defined by DIN 8580 as the "manufacturing of a solid body from a shapeless material by creating cohesion," primary shaping processes are essential in determining the geometry and defining features of manufactured parts. Despite their significance, selecting the most suitable process remains a complex challenge due to the diversity of manufacturing methods, varying process capabilities and attributes, and the large number of parameters involved. This complexity has resulted in a gap in the development of decision-making systems (DMSs) for primary shaping process selection.
This thesis addresses this gap by proposing a framework to support the selection of primary shaping processes for small-volume production. The framework utilizes a set of defined manufacturing parameters to evaluate and rank alternatives using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify existing decision-making methods and the parameters commonly used in DMSs for manufacturing process selection. Complementary empirical research, including expert interviews and a survey, was employed to identify the parameters specific to primary shaping processes.
The findings led to the design of a hybrid MCDM method with an a posteriori approach, combining the Best Worst Method (BWM) with modified TOPSIS. Based on this method, a conceptual DMS, which integrates the identified manufacturing parameters as criteria within the hybrid MCDM framework is proposed. This framework addresses the complexities of primary shaping process selection and provides a robust, adaptable solution. This thesis concludes by outlining future research directions, including the development of a database to enhance the scalability and applicability of the proposed DMS
Paziente pediatrikoen ebakuntza aurreko antsietatea murrizteko esku-hartze ez farmakologikoen eraginkortasunaren azterketa.
No full text[EU]Sarrera: Antsietatea beldurra, kezka edo ondoezaren aurrean agertzen den erantzun emozionala da. Ebakuntza-aurreko momentuetan haurren antsietatea garrantzitsua da ongizate emozionalean eta ondorengo sendaketa-prozesuan eragiten duelako. Orokorrean, antsietatea murrizteko farmakoak lehenesten dira, baina esku-hartze ez farmakologikoak ere eraginkorrak izan daitezke. Metodo ez farmakologikoei buruz ezagutza eta ikerketa zabaltzeko beharra dago.
• Helburuak: Helburu nagusia 0-16 urteko haurren ebakuntza aurreko eremuan antsietate-maila gutxitzeko esku-hartze ez farmakologikoen eragina aztertzea da.
• Metodologia: Bilaketa sistematikoa 2024ko abendutik 2025ko otsailera egin zen. Ikerketa galdera PIO egiturarekin erantzun da. Egindako bilaketa estrategia, identifikatutako DeCS eta MeSH deskriptoreak eragile boolearrekin konbinatuz, PubMed, Dialnet, Cochrane eta BVS datu-baseetan burutu da. Ezarritako irizpideak aplikatuz, berrikuspenari erantzuna emateko emaitzak lortu dira.
• Emaitzak: Aztertutako esku-hartzeei dagokionez, musika eta ibilgailu-elektrikoak ez dira eraginkorrak, baina beste guztiak (errealitate birtuala, komiki eta liburuak, animazioa, irudi gidatuak, bideoak, tablet computer-ak, marrazketa, joko interaktiboak eta garraiatzeko bagoia) bai. Esku-hartze hauek anestesia uneko umeen parte-hartzea eta gurasoen eta gogobetetze-maila handitu eta ebakuntza osteko delirium-a eta gurasoen antsietatea murriztu zuten. Bukatzeko, antsietate-mailan eragina zuten faktoreak haurren adina, haurren aurreko esperientzia kirurgikoa eta gurasoen ezagutza izan ziren.
• Eztabaida: Aztertutako 19 artikulutatik 16k esku-hartze ez farmakologikoen eraginkortasuna baieztatu zuten. Ikerketa gehienak 3-12 urtekoentzat zuzendu dira. Ez dira 13-16 urtekoentzako ikerketarik aurkitu. Horrek zaildu egiten du ondorio orokorrak ezartzea. Metodo batzuei buruzko artikulu kopuru baxuak eta metodologiako desberdintasunak konparazio zehatzak zailtzen dituzte. Etorkizunean, metodo bakoitzaren eragina haurren garapen-etapen arabera aztertu behar dira, teknika hauen aplikazio praktikoa eta baliabideen antolaketarekin batera.
• Ondorioak: Metodo ez farmakologikoek antsietatea murrizten dute, musika eta ibilgailu-elektrikoak izan ezik. mYPAS eskala antsietate-maila neurtzeko eraginkorrena da. Esku-hartzeek haurren lankidetzan, ebakuntza osteko delirium-ean eta gurasoen antsietate- eta gogobetetze-mailan eragin positiboa dute. Etorkizunean, 13-16 urteko haurrei zuzendutako ikerketa gehiago behar da.
• Hitz-gakoak: Ebakuntza-aurreko antsietatea, Antsietate pediatrikoa, Esku-hartze ez farmakologikoak.[EN]Background: Anxiety is an emotional response to fear, worry or discomfort. In children undergoing surgery, anxiety is an important issue, as it affects their emotional well-being and the recovery process. Generally, Pharmacological treatments are prioritized over non-pharmacological interventions, highlighting the need for further research and knowledge on alternative methods.
• Objective: The main objective is to analyse the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients aged 0-16 years.
• Methods: The systematic search was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025. The PIO framework guided the research question. The search strategy, combining DeCS and MeSH descriptors with Boolean operators, was used in PubMed, Dialnet, Cochrane and BVS databases. After applying the established criteria, relevant results were obtained for the review.
• Results: Regarding the interventions analyzed, music and electric vehicles did not demonstrate effectiveness, whereas all others (virtual reality, comics and books, animation, guided imagery, videos, tablet computers, drawing, interactive games, and transportation wagons) did. Additionally, these interventions increased children's participation during anesthesia, improved parental satisfaction, and reduced postoperative delirium and parental anxiety. Factors influencing anxiety levels included the child's age, previous surgical experience, and parental knowledge.
• Discussion: Of the 19 articles analyzed, 16 confirmed non-pharmacological interventions’ effectiveness. Most studies focused on children aged 3-12, with no results for those aged 13-16 making general conclusions difficult. The limited number of studies on certain methods and methodological differences hinder precise comparisons. Future research should assess each method´s impact according to developmental stage and examine practical application and resource management.
• Conclusions: Non-pharmacological methods reduce anxiety, except for music and electric vehicles. The mYPAS scale is the most effective for measuring anxiety. Additionally, these interventions positively impact children's cooperation, postoperative delirium, and parental anxiety and satisfaction. More studies are needed on 13-16-years-old.
• Keywords: Preoperative anxiety, Pediatric anxiety, non-pharmacological intervention
Effects of water temperature on growth, health and digestive processes of the thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus
No full textThis study aimed to identify the effects of water temperature on the rearing of the omnivorous teleost Chelon labrosus and to determine the optimal temperature for the culture of this interesting candidate for the diversification of European aquaculture. The fish (initial weight 26.81 ± 6.2 g) were held at four water temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30 °C) in triplicate for 90 days in 100 L recirculating tanks (n = 14 / tank). The effects of said temperatures were assessed on growth, intestinal health and the digestive processes of the fish. At 18 °C, energy consumption was low, leading to a high accumulation of reserves and slow growth, a typical overwintering strategy. The best growth results were obtained at 22 °C, followed closely by 26 °C, which resulted in low energy reserves. The fact that the fish at 26 °C grew less than the ones at 22 °C while having similar energy consumption, suggested that this temperature was close to the end of the optimal range, but no signs of stress were detected. However, at 30 °C the fish had lower energy reserves but grew significantly less, which can be considered indicative of stress. Health impairment at this temperature was confirmed by the epithelial lesions found in this group. The growth and energy availability of the different groups is discussed in the light of the activities of α-amylase, pepsin and alkaline proteases. As an integration of all these results, a quadratic regression model resulting from growth values (SGR) in relation to water temperature was performed, and it allowed predicting an actual optimal water temperature of 22.8 °C for growth of C. labrosus. This is the first assessment of the optimal water temperature for the culture of C. labrosus, and it will be highly valuable for the development of its intensive culture.This research was funded by the Basque Government [00007-INA2019–33, 00003-INA2022–33, 00010-PIT2020–22, 00005–2,101,022,023, GIC19/IT-1302-19]. Markel Sanz-Latorre had a predoc contract financed by the Basque Government (IKERTALENT grant Programme
Una propuesta de análisis del pronombre enpara su mejor adquisición por parte de estudiantes hispanófonos de FLE
No full textLa adquisición del pronombre en supone un reto para los estudiantes de FLE en todos los niveles de competencia lingüística. Aunque estas dificultades no son exclusivas de los hablantes hispanófonos nos centraremos en explicar dos de las dificultades más importantes en este ámbito: la ausencia de correspondencia traductológica en castellano y su heterogeneidad sintáctica y terminológica. Tras un análisis morfosintáctico del pronombre en y una revisión bibliográfica sobre su adquisición, describimos dos propuestas destinadas a optimizar su adquisición en el ámbito hispanófono: una simplificación sintáctica y terminológica y un ejemplo de contextualización del pronombre en a través de fragmentos literarios.I+D+i PID2021-122689NB-I00, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y por FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europ
Una estatua colosal del foro de Los Bañales (Uncastillo, Zaragoza)
No full textEn las excavaciones realizadas en el foro de Los Bañales de Uncastillo fue localizado un importante programa escultórico localizado en la zona sur del conjunto en una unidad de amortización. El presente trabajo estudia unos fragmentos escultóricos pertene-cientes a una representación de tamaño colosal que se ubicó en el forum de la ciudad. El ta-maño de la escultura contrasta con el exiguo tamaño del foro de Los Bañales, lo que no im-pidió exhibir una estatua de estas dimensiones. Este nuevo ejemplo de escultura colosal en comunidades de tamaño medio y pequeño nos muestra que estas representaciones no fueron exclusivas de las grandes ciudades hispanas.; During the excavations at the forum of Los Bañales de Uncastillo, an important sculptural program was discovered in the southern area of the complex. This paper studies some sculptural fragments belonging to a colossal representation that was located in the city’s forum. The size of the sculpture contrasts with the small size of the forum at Los Bañales, which did not prevent the display of a statue of these dimensions. This new example of colossal sculpture in medium and small-sized communities shows us that these representations were not exclusive to the large cities in Hispania
Genero-zentsura eta isilbidezko beste zenbait muga poetika feministen lehenean
No full textLaburpena: Artikulu honen helburua poetika feministen lehenean genero-zentsurak eta isilbidezko beste zenbait mugek sorkuntza lan horien garapenean izandako eragina aztertzea da. Poetika feministen lehen mugarria Amaia Lasak jarri zuen 1971. urtean eta haren lanak zabaldutako bidea abiapuntu izanda, artikulu honek 70eko hamarkadan eta 80ko hamarkadako lehen urteetan emakumezko idazlek argitaratutako olerki-bildumak izan ditu oinarri. Aldez edo moldez sorkuntza eredu horri lotu zitzaien edo egingo zutenei bidea urratu zieten idazle horiengan oztopo izan ziren hiru eragile aztertu dira: 1) isolamendua: erreferente eta sare falta; 2) intimismoaren eta poesia sozialaren eztenak eta 3) euskal literatur kritika misoginoa. Idazle hauen sorkuntzaren mugatzaile izan ziren hiru baldintzapen horiek moldakuntza, auto-zentsura, isiltasuna eta are idazketaren etena ekarri bide zutela agertu dugu.Argitalpen hau MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 eta FEDER, UEk finantzatutako PID2021-125952NB-I00 proiektuaren barruan egin d
Fibrosi kistikoa duten pazienteen erizaintza-zainketak
Full text linkSarrera: fibrosi kistikoa (FK) gaixotasun genetiko autosomiko errezesiboa da, fibrosi kistikoaren mintz arteko eroankortasuna erregulatzen duen proteina kodetzen duen genean (CFTR) gertatzen diren aldaerek eragiten dutena, arnasketa- eta digestio- adierazpenak eraginez. Azken urteetan, paziente hauen bizi-kalitatean hobekuntza handiak lortu dira, bizi-itxaropena ere zeharo luzatuz. Orain arte, tratamendua sintomak arintzean oinarritzen zen eta gaur egun berriz, kaltetutako genean eragiten duten tratamenduak ikertzen ari dira. Hala ere, tratamendu hauek ikerketa prozesuan daude eta ez daude paziente guztientzat eskuragarri kostu handia dutelako. Beraz, sintomak arintzera bideratutako zainketak funtsezkoak dira FK dutenen bizi-kalitatea hobetzeko. Egungo ebidentzia tratamendu medikoan zentratuta dagoela ikusiz, erizainak ohiko tratamenduan zer funtzio dituen aztertuko da errebisio bibliografiko honetan.
Helburua: Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua fibrosi kistikoa duten pazienteen erizaintza-zainketak identifikatzea da.
Metodologia: errebisio bibliografiko bat egin da, Pubmed eta Dialnet datu-baseak eta Biblioteca Virtual en Salud metabilatzailea erabiliz. Iragazkiak erabiliz eta barneratze- eta kanporatze-irizpideak eta irakurketa kritikoa oinarri hartuz, artikuluen aukeraketa egin da, guztira 16 artikulu eskuratuz.
Emaitzak: FKren sintomak arintzeko tratamendua funtsezko bost arlotan oinarritzen da: terapia antibiotikoa, nutrizioa, arnasketa-terapia, jarduera fisikoa eta laguntza psikosoziala. Antibioterapiari dagokionez, erizainak kateterra txertatu, antibiotikoak administratu eta pazientea zainketen inguruan hezi beharko du. Nutrizioaren alorrean, elikadura-egoera monitorizatu eta ohitura osasungarriak sustatuko ditu. Arnasketa- terapian, arnasbideak garbitzeko teknikak erakutsi eta arnas-funtzioa monitorizatuko du. Jarduera fisikoa sustatuz, pazienteak ariketa egokia egiten dutela bermatzen du, ariketa- planera egokituz eta motibazioa areagotuz. Azkenik, laguntza psikologiko eta soziala eskainiz, pazientearen eta familiaren sentimenduak kudeatzen laguntzen du eta tratamenduarekiko atxikimendua sustatzen du.
Ondorioak: erizainak oinarrizko papera izango du FKren arlo guztien heziketan, pazienteak eta ingurukoek etxean burutu beharko dituzten zainketen eta ohitura osasungarrien jarraibideak emanez. Horrez gain, arrisku-faktoreak goiz detektatzeko gai izan beharko da eta pazientea ondo ulertzeko zaintza holistikoa bermatzen duen espazio bat sustatu beharko du, bai pazienteari eta baita ingurukoei ere arreta eskainiz.
Hitz-gakoak: fibrosi kistikoa, CFTR genea, erizaintza-zainketak, bizi-kalitatea.
Hizkuntza: Euskera
Liver GPBAR1 associates with immune dysfunction in primary sclerosing cholangitis and its activation attenuates cholestasis in Abcb4-/- Mice
Full text linkBackground and Aims
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterised by progressive biliary inflammation and fibrosis, leading to liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. GPBAR1 (TGR5) is a G protein-coupled receptor for secondary bile acids. In this study, we have examined the therapeutic potential of BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist in a PSC model.
Methods
Single-cell analysis of healthy human liver samples and gene expression analysis of PSC liver samples were conducted. In vitro studies on a human cholangiocyte cell line (NHC), U937 and human hepatic stellate cells (hSteCs) were performed. Additionally, Abcb4−/− mice were treated with BAR501 for 12–24 weeks.
Results
Single-cell analysis demonstrated that GPBAR1 is expressed by macrophages, NK cells, sinusoidal cells and to a lesser extent by cholangiocytes. Total liver expression of GPBAR1 increases in PSC patients compared to that in healthy controls and positively correlates with markers for monocytes and NK cells and cytokeratin 19. In vitro treatment of NHCs with BAR501 reversed the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype and the downregulation of GPBAR1 expression promoted by LPS in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Treating Abcb4−/− mice reduced bile duct inflammation and liver fibrosis and prevented the downregulation of GPBAR1 expression. Treating mice with BAR501 also modulated the bile acid pool composition and reduced the dysbiosis-associated gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation. Ex vivo experiments using conditioned media from BAR501-treated cholangiocytes mitigated the activation of macrophages.
Conclusions
Our study provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of selective GPBAR1 agonists in intestinal inflammation–associated cholestasis, warranting the evaluation of BAR501 in PSC patientsThis work was partially supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR): PRIN-2022 no. 20223K7L88 and
PRIN-2022-PNRR no. 20227JB3W to SF and MB, and by Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) (FIS PI24/00148, PI21/00922 and Miguel Servet
CPII19/00008) co-funded by the European Union, and PSC Partners and PSC Supports to JMB.Open access publishing facilitated by Universita degli Studi di Perugia, as part of the Wiley - CRUI-CARE agreement
Key quality dimensions for gluten-free bread perceived by general and non-gluten consumers: A case study with apple pomace and flaxseed
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the sensory perception of a gluten-free bread formulated with sustainable and
locally sourced ingredients: apple pomace and flaxseed. Sensory evaluation was performed with gluten-free and
gluten consumers to analyze the differences in perception based on consumption patterns and to identify the key
quality attributes influencing acceptability. Results showed that the formulations containing up to 6 % apple
pomace and 12 % flaxseed resulted in the most acceptable products for both consumers group. However, higher
levels of apple pomace (10 %) led to lower scores, and no significant differences in overall acceptability were
found between both consumers groups. Nevertheless, gluten-free consumers tended to provide more detailed
sensory descriptions, particularly for texture attributes, likely due to their need to evaluate newly formulated
products with a great variability in their characteristics. “Crispy”, “Light texture” and “artisan-like appearance”,
among others, were identified as positive attributes, while “rubbery” emerged as the main negative factor
affecting acceptability. Based on these findings, a decision tree was proposed as a tool to evaluate gluten-free
bread, balancing defects and positive sensory characteristics. This approach could guide manufacturers in
developing gluten-free breads that meet the expectations of people with different consumption patterThis publication is part of the R&D&I project PID2021–127738OB- 100 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU. Leire Cantero-Ruiz de Eguino received a pre-doctoral Grant from the Basque Government