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The trophic ecology of Myotis emarginatus unveiled by DNA metabarcoding
Full text link400 p.Saguzar intsektujaleen dietaren ezaugarri nagusia aniztasun handia izaten da. Hala ere, saguzar batek benetan jaten duena,azken batean, hegoen morfologiak eta ekokokapenak planteatzen dituzten mugek, harrapakinen eskuragarritasunak, elkarreragin interrespezifikoek eta energia-oreka optimizatzera bideratutako erabakiak hartzeko prozesuek definitzen dute. DNA metabarcodingaren garapenarekin, konposizio dietetikoari eta aldagarritasunari buruzko ikerketa zehatzek, saguzarintsektujale askoren harrapakinen lehentasunei buruzko ezagutza berriak ekarri dituzte. Tesi honek punta-puntako tresna molekularrak erabiltzen ditu Myotis emarginatus saguzarraren ekologia trofikoa aztertzeko, Europako bere banaketaren hego mendebaldean. Oro har, emaitzek M. emarginatusen profil dietetiko koherente bat erakusten dute eremu geografiko zabal batean zehar, eta hegan egiten ez duten harrapakinak ¿gleaning¿ bidez atzemateko bere trebetasuna azpimarratzen dute. Amaraun orbikularrak eraikitzen dituzten armiarmak egitura bertikal konplexua duten habitatetan ugariagoak dira, beraz, ingurune horien kontserbazioa funtsezkoa da M. emarginatus espeziearen bazkaleku egokiak mantentzeko. Horrez gain, behien izurri-eulien kontsumo lokal baina ugariak azpimarratzen du nola lurraren erabilerak eta abeltzaintza-kudeaketak tokian-tokiko artropodo-komunitateak aldatzen dituztela, eta, hedaduraz, saguzarraren nitxo trofikoa molda ditzaketela baita ere
Ikuspegi intersekzionalaren txertaketa lehen hezkuntzan
Full text link40 p. – Bibliogr.: p. 39-40[EUS] Gradu Amaierako Lan honek Lehen Hezkuntzako ikastetxe batean ikuspegi
intersekzionalaren presentzia eta inplementazioa aztertzen du, hezkidetzari eta bizikidetzari
lotutako dimentsioetan arreta berezia jarriz. Gizartea gero eta anitzagoa eta konplexuagoa den
honetan, eskolek ezin dute soilik eduki akademikoa transmititu. Berdintasunaren, inklusioaren eta
gizarte-justiziaren aldeko espazio aktiboak izan behar dute. Ikerketa honetarako metodologia
mistoa erabili da, galdetegi kuantitatiboak, behaketa sistematikoa eta zuzendaritzari egindako
elkarrizketa sakona uztartuz. Horrela, irakasleen prestakuntza eta sentsibilizazioa, LOMLOE
legearen aplikazio praktikoa eta eguneroko eskolako jardunen koherentzia aztertu dira.
Emaitzek erakusten dute genero-berdintasunaren inguruko diskurtsoa hedatua dagoela, baina
bestelako zapalkuntza-ardatzak (klase soziala, jatorria, sexu-orientazioa edo gaitasun
funtzionala) gutxiago lantzen direla, kolektibo jakin batzuen esperientziak ikusezin bihurtuz.
Gainera, agerian geratu da prestakuntza jarraitua eta baliabide egokiak funtsezkoak direla
berdintasunaren aldeko mezuak praktika erreal bihurtzeko. Ondorioz, ikerketa honek argi uzten
du ikuspegi intersekzionala hezkuntza-politika eta -praktiken ardatz bihurtzea ezinbestekoa dela,
eskola bidezkoago, inklusiboago eta anitzago baten eraikuntzan aurrera egiteko.[ES] Este Trabajo Fin de Grado analiza la presencia e implementación del enfoque
interseccional en un centro de Primaria, con especial atención a las dimensiones coeducativas y
de convivencia. Ahora que la sociedad es cada vez más plural y compleja, las escuelas no sólo
no pueden transmitir contenido académico, deben ser espacios activos a favor de la igualdad, la
inclusión y la justicia social. Para esta investigación se ha utilizado una metodología mixta que
combina cuestionarios cuantitativos, observación sistemática y entrevista en profundidad a la
dirección. Así, se ha analizado la formación y sensibilización del profesorado, la aplicación
práctica de la LOMLOE y la coherencia de las actividades escolares diarias.
Los resultados muestran que el discurso sobre la igualdad de género está extendido, pero que
otros ejes de opresión (clase social, origen, orientación sexual o capacidad funcional) se trabajan
menos, invisibilizando las experiencias de determinados colectivos. Además, se ha puesto de
manifiesto que la formación continua y los recursos adecuados son fundamentales para hacer de
los mensajes a favor de la igualdad una práctica real. En consecuencia, esta investigación pone
de manifiesto la necesidad de convertir el enfoque interseccional en el eje de las políticas y
prácticas educativas para avanzar en la construcción de una escuela más justa, inclusiva y
plura
Enpresa auditoretza: etikaren funtsezko zeregina finantza auditoretzan, haren funtzionamendua eta garrantzia
Full text link43 p. – Bibliogr.: p. 40-41[EUS] Finantza‐auditoretzak funtsezko prozesuak dira enpresa‐eremuan osotasuna eta
gardentasuna bermatzeko. Hala ere, haien eraginkortasuna eta sinesgarritasuna estandar
etiko zorrotzak betetzeari lotuta daude. Gradu amaierako lan hau finantza‐auditoretzetako
etikaren funtzionamenduan sartzen da, eta haren izaera, funtsezko printzipioak eta
aplikazioaren garrantzia aztertzen ditu. Printzipio etikoek nola gidatzen duten auditorearen
lana analizatzen da, funtsezko erabakietan eta portaeretan eraginez egia finantzarioaren
bilaketan.
Gainera, aztertzen da zergatik duen etikak hain paper erabakigarria finantzaauditoretzetan,
publikoaren konfiantzan, merkatuaren egonkortasunean eta finantza‐sistema
osoaren osotasunean duen eragina nabarmenduz. Alderdi ezberdinak uztartzen dituen
diziplina anitzeko ikuspegi baten bidez, azterketa honek etikaren eta finantza‐ikuskaritzaren
arteko harremana argitzea bilatzen du, egungo enpresa‐testuinguruan duen aginduzko
beharra azpimarratuz.
GRAL‐a ETA GJH‐ak (Agenda 2030)
Lan honek erakundeen eta gizartearen funtzionamendu egokirako funtsezko alderdi
bat jorratzen du: finantza‐ikuskaritzaren etika.
Ikuspegi horretatik, zuzenean lotzen da 2030 Agendak sustatutako hainbat balio
demokratikorekin eta Garapen Jasangarriko Helbururekin, bereziki 16. GJH‐arekin: Bakea,
justizia eta erakunde sendoak, erakunde eraginkorrak, arduratsuak eta gardenak
eraikitzearen alde egiten duena.
Auditoretzak funtsezko zeregina betetzen du gardentasuna bermatzeko eta kontuak
emateko, funtsezko printzipioak baitira edozein demokrazia aurreratutan. Zentzu horretan,
ikerketaren aurkikuntzek islatzen dute ingurune profesionalaren eskakizunen eta
auditorearen lanbidea gidatzen duten printzipio etikoen artean dagoen tentsioa.
Profesional askok presioak sentitu dituztela onartzeak, baina, hala ere, beren
independentzia arriskuan jartzen duten praktiken aurkako gaitzespen etikoa edukitzeak,
indartzen jarraitu behar duen kultura etiko erresistentea dagoela erakusten du. Gainera,
barne‐kontroleko sistemak, balio etikoetako prestakuntza eta profesionala interesgatazketatik
babestuko duten arau‐esparruak indartzeko beharrari buruzko hausnarketa
kritikoa egiten laguntzen du lanak. Elementu horiek, enpresei edo bezeroei mesede egiteaz
gain, eragin positiboa dute konfiantza publikoan eta ekonomia bidezkoago, gardenago eta
iraunkorrago baten garapenean.
Beraz, GRAL honek ez du soilik arlo ekonomikoaren berariazko problematikari buruzko
ezagutza ematen, baizik eta gogoeta etikoa eta lanbide‐jarduna balio demokratikoekin eta
jasangarritasun‐helburu globalekin lotzea ere sustatzen du
Development of electrically conductive nanocomposites for flexible and conformable printable electronics
No full text207 p.The implementation of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 concepts integrates an increasing number of sensors and actuators in different surfaces, being necessary features such as adaptability, flexibility and stretchability. In this scenario, screen-printing has become a useful way to reduce weight and environmental impact of conventional electronics, and its combination with thermoforming allows achievement of 3D permanently shaped electronics. In this scenario, this work has focused on the development of screen-printed electrically conductive nanocomposites on flexible substrates suitable for thermoforming.Specifically tailored inks based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) have been developed to fabricate hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensors by screen-printing. Then, silver, PEDOT:PSS and reduced graphene oxide-based inks have been used to study the lateral resolution limits of the screen-printing. Combining the screen-printing technique with thermoforming, stretchable electrically conductive traces based on polystyrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) and different aspect ratio carbon-based materials have been fabricated. Finally, a complete device with electroluminescent activity and capacitive touch detection has been screen-printed and thermoformed using different functional inks.Thus, this work has demonstrated the capacity to develop electrically conductive inks for 2D and 3D free-form printed electronics, representing a successful and needed contribution to the field of printable and in-mold electronics
The Social Construction of Age: Media Stigmatization of Older Adults: A Systematic Review
No full textThis systematic review analyzes the representation of older adults in the media to determine
whether news coverage contributes to reinforcing or combating ageism. For societies
undergoing population ageing, it is essential to understand the image of old age conveyed
by the media, as they play a significant role in shaping public perception. The Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines
were followed. In total, 21 articles addressing the media representation of old age were
selected from 1435 search results across three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and
PubMed. The results show that the media do not sufficiently make older adults visible,
often present negative narratives about old age, and use stigmatizing terms to refer to this
group. Most of the research comes from the field of sociology, mainly employs discourse
analysis, and does not examine journalistic aspects such as genres, information sources, or
the images accompanying news stories. In conclusion, the reviewed literature provides
a valuable diagnosis of media ageism but highlights the need to broaden the disciplinary
perspective and incorporate analyses and proposals aimed at transforming journalistic
routines, in order to move toward a more plural, realistic, and stigma-free representation of
older adults in the media
Enhancement of melanoma aggressiveness via p38-MAPK, HIF-1α pathways, and metabolic reprogramming induced by Candida albicans
Full text linkRecent studies have increasingly focused on the role of fungi, including Candida albicans, in carcinogenesis. Since C. albicans is a component of the human microbiota, particularly on the skin, we investigated its effect on the phenotype and signalling pathways of melanoma cells. Assays for migration, adhesion, angiogenesis, and hepatic metastasis showed that C. albicans promotes a more malignant phenotype in melanoma cells. At the transcriptomic level, C. albicans increased the expression of VEGF (Vegfa), and genes associated with MAPK and HIF-1 signalling pathways, and with aerobic glycolysis. Further in vitro analysis revealed that TLRs and EphA2 receptors are involved in the recognition of live C. albicans, stimulating VEGF secretion and expression of the AP-1 transcription factor component c-Fos through p38-MAPK and HIF-1α. These pathways also regulate the expression of other AP-1 constituents such as Atf3, Jun, and Jund. Moreover, p38-MAPK regulates glycolytic genes like Hk2, Slc2a1, and Eno2. In conclusion, C. albicans activates the p38-MAPK/c-Fos/AP-1 and HIF-1/HIF-1α/c-Fos/AP-1 pathways in melanoma cells, promoting a pro-angiogenic environment and metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, this study clarifies the impact of C. albicans on melanoma cells, which can lead to the use of antifungal therapies as complementary to traditional treatments for melanoma.Basque Government (Grant numbers IT1362-19 and IT1657-22).
Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Etortek, Elkartek and Emaitek Programs),
The Innovation Technology Department of Bizkaia County, CIBERehd Network, and Spanish MINECO the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation [CEX2021-001136-S]
Direct recycling of graphite from spent batteries and production scraps for the development of a circular and sustainable economy
Full text linkCurrent lithium-ion battery recycling processes are based on high-temperature calcination (pyrometallurgy) or leaching treatments (hydrometallurgy), requiring huge amounts of energy and producing considerable waste. Direct recycling protocols are based on the reconstruction and regeneration of materials, eliminating the need for further material processing. In this paper, graphite electrodes have been recycled via a direct recycling protocol based on mild leaching with H2SO4 and H2O2 and calcination to eliminate the impurities and regenerate the structure. A Design of Experiments (DOE) has been proposed to determine the leaching conditions that reduce the generated waste and environmental impact, for which a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out. This combination of experimental and analytical methods has been useful to determine the parameters that have the greatest impact on the environment and select the most sustainable leaching condition, which, in this case, has shown a reduction of 36 % in acidification and 14 % in water use. The established recycling route has been validated with graphite anodes from production scraps and cycled cells (End-of-Life condition, EoL, SOH%<80 %), and in both cases, the polymeric compounds used in the electrode slurry preparation have been eliminated and the graphitization degree has been restored. These results show that graphite can be recycled from LIBs to develop a direct recycling route that promotes a sustainable circular economy and diminishes material waste.This work was supported by CIDETEC and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [No. 101069865 (RESPECT project)]. V. P. acknowledges the support of Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (project IT1546-22). The TGA characterizations were performed in Laboratorio Naturklima/Naturklima Laborategia from CIDETEC, funded by Naturklima and Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa
Hizkuntza idatzia Haur Hezkuntzan: ikasturtean zehar 5 urteko talde batek idazketan izandako bilakaeraren azterketa
No full text[EUS] Lan honek Haur Hezkuntzako ikasleen idazketa-prozesuaren hasierako faseak aztertu zituen. Helburua izan zen ulertzea nola eraikitzen den idazketa adin txikiko haurrengan eta zer faktorek eragiten duten horretan. Horretarako, hainbat autore eta autoreren ekarpen teorikoak aztertu ziren eta metodologia kualitatiboa erabili zen faseen sailkapena egiteko. Ondorioek erakutsi zuten prozesua ez dela lineala, eta hizkuntza-esperientzia, ingurunea eta motibazioa funtsezko osagaiak direla. Ikerketak baliabide erabilgarria eskaini zuen hezkuntza-praktika orientatzeko, ikuspegi inklusibo batetik eta haur bakoitzaren garapen-erritmoa errespetatuz.[ES] Este trabajo analizó las fases iniciales del proceso de escritura en el alumnado de Educación Infantil. El objetivo fue comprender cómo se construye la escritura en edades tempranas y qué factores influyen en dicho proceso. Para ello, se revisaron aportaciones teóricas de diversas autoras y autores, y se utilizó una metodología cualitativa para clasificar las fases del desarrollo. Las conclusiones mostraron que el proceso no es lineal, y que la experiencia lingüística, el entorno y la motivación son elementos clave. El estudio ofreció una propuesta útil para orientar la práctica educativa desde una perspectiva inclusiva y respetuosa con el ritmo de desarrollo de cada niña y niño.[EN] This study analyzed the initial stages of the writing process in Early Childhood Education students. Its aim was to understand how writing is constructed in young children and what factors influence this process. To do so, theoretical contributions from various authors were reviewed, and a qualitative methodology was used to classify the development stages. The findings showed that the process was not linear, and that linguistic experience, environment, and motivation were key elements. The study provided a useful tool to guide educational practice from an inclusive perspective, respecting each child’s individual pace of development
Sri Lankan women reclaim the sea: surfing and the local realities of international gender equality frameworks
No full textWhat does gender equality mean when it does not reach the shore? This thesis examines the disparity between Sri Lanka’s international commitments to advance gender equality and the everyday realities experienced by coastal women, particularly in the context of surfing. Although the country has formally aligned itself with frameworks like the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BDPfA), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), these commitments have rarely extended to include access to the ocean, recreation, or sport. While surf tourism grows, women remain excluded due to cultural norms, poor infrastructure, and weak institutional support. Adopting a multi-methods approach, this research is grounded in a case study of SeaSisters—a non-profit organisation that empowers Sri Lankan women through ocean-based activities. SeaSisters was selected because it uses surfing as a tool for social change and aligns with international gender equality goals. The study includes a content analysis of institutional policy reports (2015–2025), semi-structured interviews with national experts and SeaSisters staff, as well qualitative and quantitative secondary data from the organisation’s swim and surf empowerment programs. Drawing on Merry’s concepts of ‘legal transplants’ and ‘cultural translation’, the research examines how international gender equality frameworks are reshaped through local institutional logics, political priorities, and cultural values. Kabeer’s notion of ‘impact’ complements this by shifting attention from policy outcomes to the processes through which women gain access to resources, expand their agency, and achieve meaningful life changes. The findings highlight the persistent failure of institutions to translate global promises into local realities. In the absence of meaningful state action, grassroots organisations like SeaSisters have become a key driving force in advancing gender equality in ocean spaces. Through their programs, Sri Lankan women are reclaiming the sea as a space where they belong. However, this thesis argues that for change to be systemic and sustainable, the state must take a more proactive role. Its involvement is essential to achieving meaningful gender equality. The study emphasises the importance of translating international frameworks in both directions: from the top-down and the bottom-up, in ways that reach and resonate across all levels of society
Aminoazido askeetan aberatsak diren proteina hidrolizatuen lorpena ortzadaramuarrainaren erraietatik landareentzako bioestimulanteen formulazioan bitarteko produktu gisa erabiltzeko
No full text248 p.Aquaculture has grown exponentially during the last decades, which involves the rise of fish viscera too. They are normally used to produce fishmeal, but several alternatives have emerged, for example, the production of fish protein hydrolysates through enzymatic processes. These hydrolysates can be used as intermediate ingredients to produce plant biostimulants, which are compounds that promote the growth of plants. The necessity to substitute inorganic fertilizers with bio-based ones and the excess of fish viscera make this choice a very promising alternative. With this starting point, in this doctoral thesis three different hydrolysis processes (autolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and silage) were optimized in order to hydrolyze the protein contained in rainbow trout viscera, both using commercial enzymes and using the endogenous enzymes contained in the viscera. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and a techno-economic assessment of all the hydrolysis processes were also performed to assess and compare their environmental impact and their economic viability at industrial scale. Results showed that the production of protein hydrolysates from fish viscera was successful, but agronomic performance assessments are needed to confirm their biostimulant effects and correlate these with the composition of the hydrolysates