Journals of Forman Christian College
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Asymmetric Effect of Monetary Policy on Asset Prices: Contractionary VS Expansionary Regimes
Full text linkThis research study seeks to investigate the asymmetrical impact of monetary policy on asset prices (stock price and house prices as indicators of asset prices). Understanding this asymmetry is crucial for policymakers and central banks to evaluate the implications of expansionary and contractionary monetary policies on asset price dynamics. The study examines both interest rates and the money supply, which are key tools of monetary policy, to determine if they have similar effects on asset prices across various economic regimes in 51 countries with diverse income levels for the period of 2009 to 2021. Using a linear and non-linear ARDL (NARDL) approach this study analyze the short-run and long-run impacts of monetary policy on stock and house prices, besides comparing the symmetric and asymmetric impacts of monetary policy shocks on these prices. The outcomes accentuate the importance of policymakers being cognizant of the impacts of different policy regimes on asset prices. Notably, the study reveals a significant and negative short-term impact of interest rates on asset prices under contractionary monetary policy. Conversely, expansionary monetary policy does not demonstrate a significant short-term effect on asset prices. This study makes substantial contributions by deepening insights into the efficacy of monetary policy, offering practical guidance for policymakers, and addressing a pivotal void in the extant scholarly discourse.
Asymmetric Interest Rate Pass-Through at the Disaggregated Data: The Case of Pakistani Banks
Full text linkThis research analyzed the interest rate pass-through (IRPT) hypothesis from central banks to commercial banks in Pakistan\u27s banking sector. Compared to the literature, this research used disaggregated data (private, public, foreign, specialized, and all banks) with monthly frequency to capture the more appropriate behavior of the data. The data is available on the State Bank of Pakistan\u27s website. Based on the properties of the data, this research used a co-integration estimation method in the presence of the Momentum Threshold Auto Regressive (MTAR) model. This econometric model will help us to capture the symmetric vs asymmetric co-integration and rigidities in empirical models. Empirically, we found different types of IRPT across various types of banks, but the change in the policy rate is the same for all these banks, which ultimately creates the hurdles in achieving the objective of monetary policy. Therefore, we suggest that the State Bank of Pakistan must construct different policies across different types of banks to achieve the objective of the monetary policy.
Assessing the Role of Nutrition Awareness and Dietary Diversity on Academic Performance of University Students: A Survey based Regression Analysis
No full textThe main objective of this study is to explore the impact of nutrition knowledge and dietary diversity on the academic performance of university students in Islamabad. The study is based on primary data from eight universities in Islamabad. 500 sample size is selected by two stage cluster sampling procedure. In the first stage, the primary sampling units is university and we select eight clusters from twenty three clusters by PPS cumulative total WOR procedure. From the selected eight clusters, 500 secondary sampling units (students) are select by proportional allocation in second stage. For the validity and checking the questionnaire, the pilot study is conducted by selecting 60 students. After cleaning of the collected data, Proportional Odds Model is estimated to conduct the econometric analysis about academic performance of university students in Islamabad. The study reveal that the Islamabad university students have average 50.5% students have awareness about nutrition knowledge. And the students more aware about the knowledge of classification there are 3.27% chances to increase the academic performance of students while the students more aware about the knowledge of diet- disease there are 2.1% chances to increase the academic performance of students and improvement in the awareness of knowledge of recommendation, can increase the chances 1.2% of students’ excellent academic performance. The more chances of excellent academic performance of those students have a high dietary diversity score compare to those students who have low dietary diversity scores. The study concludes that 0nutrition knowledge and dietary diversity have positive and significant impact on academic performance of university students in Islamabad
Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response: A Secondary Analysis of Nepal’s Efforts.: Pooja Pradhan MBBS, Md Khurshid Alam Hyder, Ehsanullah, Tarin
Full text linkThis paper presents Nepal’s experience regarding perinatal death surveillance and the country’s response in reducing preventable perinatal deaths. In developing this paper, evidence of perinatal mortality in Nepal is brought from secondary sources, mainly the assessment report of Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) system. As of 2019, this initiative has been implemented in 77 hospitals across Nepal. Challenges and barriers in implementing the MPDSR system need to be brought to attention, as the system is being scaled up to 110 hospitals. Data from the Perinatal Death Review revealed that 72% of the maternal deaths occurred during the post-partum period, due to (i) post-partum haemorrhage, (ii) hypertensive disorder, (iii) pregnancy-related infections, and (iv) non-obstetric causes. In 70% of the cases such deaths could have been prevented. Majority of perinatal deaths, at 71%, were stillbirths, mainly due to low child weight of less than 2500 grams. In conclusion, there is urgent need for the national guidelines for MPDSR system to be amended, additional and continued training provision to the health workforce, improvement in the coordination and feedback mechanism, and strengthening of the information management system
Situation Analysis of Nation Building Efforts in Sri Lanka: From Early Years of Independence to Contemporary Days.: Kamran Fiaz
Full text linkDespite the smooth transition of power from the British colonists to the Sri Lankan Sinhalese in 1949, Sri Lanka inherited considerable challenges. After the culmination of the civil war, from 1983 to 2009, Sri Lanka confronted numerous obstacles in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the country. Drawing from Birch’s model of national integration, this study attempts to examine the diverse political, economic, and social challenges facing Sri Lanka. The review shows that Sri Lanka needs critical nation building in the following areas: (i) Infrastructural development; (ii) Resettlements and rehabilitation of displaced populations; (iii) Ethnic and religious integration; (iv) Equality in political representation; (v) Educational and employment policies; (vi) Gender equality policies; and (vii) Mental health interventions for children and women. The role of international bodies, like the United Nations Human Rights Council, and neighboring countries is key to creating pressure for national integration and growth. There is fear that if national unity is not at the forefront of state and international policy for Sri Lanka, conflict and instability may arise again
Transition of Gender Roles across Three Generations.: Rubab Zehra, Uzma Ashiq Khan, Maryam Zafar, Sobia Naseer
No full textThis study focused on how gender roles change from traditional to modern society with the impact of globalization by exploring the role of culture, technology, and environment. Globalization is the integration process that may affect human wellbeing, environment, economic development, and societal prosperity worldwide. A qualitative method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 12 participants comprising of generation X (1965-1979), generation Y (1980-1994), and generation Z (1995-2004). Participants were sampled purposively. Through thematic analysis 10 major themes were discovered; (i) Perceived traditional gender roles, (ii) Transitional gender roles, (iii) Practicing traditional gender roles, (iv) Socio-cultural and family pressure, (v) Adopting new behavioral characteristics by females, (vi) Technology paved new ways and convenience, (vii) Negative aspects of Technology, (viii) Sensitized gender concept, (ix) Exposure to a hazardous environment, and (x) Social deconstruction of gender roles. The following information was found with regard to different generations and genders: (i) The element of acceptance and change is more evident in generation Z than in generation X; (ii) The male respondents are more persistent in traditional gender roles; (iii) The influence of technology on changing gender roles is more evident among the female participants; and (iv) Generation X and Y have more stereotypical views on gender roles than generation Z. The implication of this study is that gender roles are changing significantly over time in Pakistan due to globalization and technological development
Role of Mental Well-Being in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Self-Compassion among Doctors.: Irfana Bibi, Mohsin Atta, Najma Iqbal Malik, Irsa Fatima Makhdoom
Full text linkThe aim of the current study was to determine how mental health affects doctors\u27 levels of selfcompassion and mindfulness. The sample consisted of 332 doctors, 138 of whom were men and 194 were women. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from both the public and private sector hospitals in Islamabad, Sargodha, and Mianwali. Participants had a minimum of an MBBS degree and at least six months of work experience following the completion of their medical degree. The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R), Self-compassion Scale-Short form (SCS-SF), and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) were employed to operationalize and gauge the research variables. The study concluded that mindfulness is a positive predictor of selfcompassion. Furthermore, mental well-being moderated the relationship between mindfulness and selfcompassion such that higher level of mental well-being strengthened the existing positive relationship of the two. The study offers useful implications for the doctors with recommendations for doctors to improve their performance through training in self-compassion, mindfulness, and well-being
Social Media as an Extended Public Sphere: A Study of Twitter (X) in the Context of India-Pakistan Relationship: Nadia Saleem and Farasat Rasool
No full textThe conventional public domains, namely print and broadcast media, have often functioned as intermediaries in the complicated and long-standing association between India and Pakistan. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the functioning of Twitter or ‘X’ as an extended public sphere and its impact on the development and circulation of public narratives about IndiaPakistan relations. The present study is based on mixed method sequential explanatory design; in which data was first analysed quantitatively through the Mozdeg Big Data Analysis Software and then qualitative analysis was done through Speech Act Analysis. The results show that Twitter has introduced a novel aspect to public discourse, enabling a broader and more diverse exchange of ideas and narratives. The study concludes with recommendations about how social media can be used for the promotion of peace between India and Pakistan and to develop better relations between common citizens of the two countries
An Investigation of Language Attitudes and Second Language Motivation among Burushaski Natives
Full text linkThe youth of the Hunza district in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, commonly speak both their native language, Burushaski, and English as their second language. There is concern that negative attitudes towards Burushaski in the youth community may lead to the loss of the native language. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Burushaski-native youth towards Burushaski and English languages. In addition, it also intended to explore their motivation to learn English for increased fluency. Using the quantitative approach, data was collected through an online survey in which 178 respondents took part. Results showed that: (i) the youth of Hunza associated high instrumental value with English, while Burushaski is considered culturally significant, (ii) Western English-speaking Communities and Pakistani English-speaking Communities were held in higher regard compared to those who only speak Burushaski, and (iii) most youth were highly motivated to learn English further. The study recommends educational and social interventions to preserve the Burushaski language and community bonds. Further research is needed to understand attitudes towards indigenous languages in Pakistan and how these languages can be preserved by their native youth
Return on Investment in Microenterprises Experience of the Borrowers of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation
Full text linkThe paper estimates the return on investment in microenterprises by using the data collected by Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF). The paper finds that in general borrowers remained successful in earning a net weighted average rate of return from 4.05 percent to 4.93 percent per month (or an uncompounded weighted average rate of 48.56 percent to 59.20 percent per year) across various businesses. Female borrowers earned higher return than male borrowers. There was also significant number of investors which suffered from losses. The paper also finds return to investment across various regions of the country. The highest rate of return was in the province of Baluchistan. It may be noted that small enterprises are almost neglected by the public sector. The findings of this study provide strong foundations to draw attention of public policy makers