Journals of Forman Christian College
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Economic Management and Roots of Inflation in Pakistan: Ayesha Noor and M. Aslam Chaudhary
Full text linkThis paper explores and analyzes the main determinants of inflation in Pakistan. A dynamic inflation model was developed to analyze the short run and long run behavior of the inflation. For estimation, the annual data series for the period 1972-2007 was utilized. The results indicate a positive relationship of price level with money supply, import prices, budget deficit and expenditures on services sector. The results of Error Correction Model suggest high speed of convergence to equilibrium, if there appears a dis-equilibrating shock. The study also highlights that inflation might be controlled by curtailing dependence on external factors i.e. reducing unnecessary imports. Based on study’s results, it is suggested that the main financial cut should be on non-development expenditure, not on development expenditure. Moreover, the policy makers need to consider all factors analyzed by the study, to have effective control over inflation.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Corruption: A Cross Country Evidence and Analysis: Ghulam Shabbir and Abdul Rauf Butt
No full textCorruption has significantly contributed towards slow economic growth, terrorizes security, damages individual’s trust and public confidence in the systems, and thereby, affect individuals’ daily lives. The aim of the study is to empirically investigate socioeconomic determinants of corruption using panel data set of Developing Eight (D-8) countries and GMM estimation method. The results suggest that economic development, government size, income inequality, urbanization and education have statistically significant impact on corruption. An increase in economic development, government size and education level lowers the corruption, where as, skewed income distribution and urbanization enhance its level. However, inflation, economic competition and female labor force participation are found statistically insignificant. The study findings are based on data set for D-8 countries, which are all Muslim nations. Therefore, study’s results should be taken with caution in formulating the policies. But, still, these results have important implications; economic managers should focus on the policies that promote education, economic development, less skewed income distribution and government size to control the corruption in the country.
Smuggling around the World: An Empirical Investigation of Causes and Indicators: Zainab Wajid, Babar Aziz and Zahid Iqbal
Full text linkSmuggling is a criminal activity which has been a problem around the world. Keeping in line with the issue, the current study explores the causes and indicators of smuggling for developed and developing countries over the time period 1990-2009 by using MIMIC model. This is the first time that any study has made a comparison of smuggling for developed and developing countries. The results indicate that increase in tariff burden intensifies smuggling, whereas unemployment rate and trade openness has a negative effect on smuggling for both sets of countries. Rule of law and corruption leads to increase in smuggling for developing countries while the same have a negative impact on smuggling in case of developed countries. Education leads to a fall in smuggling for developing countries, while unexpectedly, the same stimulates smuggling in developed countries. Turning to indicator, the labor force participation rate is positively affected by smuggling in developed countries and negatively in developing counties. Smuggling could be reduced while giving incentives to work in the official economy and disincentives to operate in the informal economy.
Sponsoring Academic Integrity: The Role of Human and Informational Sources of Scholarship in Adoption of Plagiarism-Avoiding Techniques among Research Students of Social Sciences.: Saeed Ahmad and Ahsan Ullah
Full text linkPlagiarism is a serious offense that defies the ethics of scholarship and research. Research students need to pay substantive attention to the dynamics and contours of plagiarism in their creative, ethical, and academic endeavors. Scholarship avenues such as online tutorials and work assignments are important sources of instructions for plagiarism-avoidance among students. The current study explores the frequency of consultation of scholarship avenues and the usage of plagiarism-avoidance techniques among research students in social sciences. The study also recommends a scale to investigate plagiarism-avoidance techniques. Furthermore, it also examines the level of the study in predicting the usage of plagiarism-avoidance. Using the online survey technique, 108 research students from Pakistan were sampled. The questionnaire was uploaded on several student-based research groups of social media, including; Facebook, and Yahoo groups. Bivariate linear regression analysis was used for hypothesis testing. Findings revealed that scholarship avenues lead to greater usage of plagiarism-avoidance techniques among research students (R2=0.065). Supervisors, class-fellows, colleagues, and faculty of the department are prominent human scholarship avenues. Similarly, articles and books from the web, books from the library, the anti-plagiarism policy of the Higher Education Commission (HEC), and lectures delivered in the classroom were leading informational scholarship avenues. Stage of the study and consultation of the scholarship avenues were predictors of usage of plagiarism-avoidance techniques. It is recommended that (i) plagiarism-avoidance is promoted through prevention rather than detection, and that (ii) scholarship avenues (e.g. delivering lectures, institutional policy, and interaction with relevant websites) are used for enhancing awareness about intellectual dishonesty
Work-family conflict and fear of COVID-19 and its relationship with the physical and mental health of Pakistani working women.
Full text linkWork-family conflict is a conflict between societal expectations and the interaction of interrelated work and family domains. It is essential to understand the impact of COVID-19 on working women\u27s physical and mental health in Pakistan to advise better health policy. This research aims to determine work-family conflict’s impact on working women’s physical and mental health. Through non-probability sampling, 100 working women were sampled online across different cities of Pakistan. The participants were selected from different working fields. Only women above the age of 20 years were eligible for participation in this study. The study found that work-family conflict positively correlates with the fear of COVID19, blood pressure, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Psychologists, counselors, and general physicians for primary and preventive care in Pakistan need to work towards counselling and supporting the health needs of working women to prevent biopsychosocial problems related to work-family conflict and fear of COVID-19
Perceived Online Social Support, Internet Addiction, and Psychological Wellbeing among University students: Wajeeha Jehangir and Zarafsheen Khalid
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the relationship between perceived online social support, internet addiction, and psychological well-being among university students. A sample of 250 university students from different universities in Lahore was included in this study. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect survey data using internationally standardized tools. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Hierarchical Linear Regression results showed that two subscales of perceived online social support, friends, and family, had a significant positive relationship with psychological well-being among university students. Among predictors, the current level of the semester and one subscale of perceived online social support- family, emerged as a significant positive predictor of psychological well-being among university students. The study concludes that family and friends are integral to the psychological well-being of university students and interventions must be planned to ensure that university students living far from home and those with excessive workloads have sufficient online and offline time with family and friends for mental health and well-being
The Impact of Emigrants, Trade Costs, and Trade Agreements on Exports of Pakistan.: Muhammad Saif ur Rehman, Gulzar Khan, and Zafar Mahmood
Full text linkThis paper examines the impact of the stock of Pakistani emigrants, trade costs, and trade agreements on exports of Pakistan. While using panel data of 30 importing partners of Pakistan, the study utilizes pooled mean group estimator, for the period 1995 to 2021. As a precursor, this study estimates the trade costs separately for export-oriented agricultural goods and manufactured goods. The study results show that overall trade costs are declining over time and vary across trading partners. The impact of trade costs on exports is negative and statistically significant both in the short run and long run. Moreover, the impact of the stock of emigrants residing in trading partner countries is positive and significant for agricultural exports while insignificant for manufactured exports in the long run. Finally, the impact of trade agreements, between Pakistan and its trading partners, is statistically significant and positive for manufactured exports while insignificant for agricultural exports. The paper concludes with six important trade policy recommendations for Pakista
Mediating Role of Religiosity in the Relationship between Coronavirus Stress and Life Satisfaction among University Students of Pakistan: Sumbal Mehmood and Umm-e-Rubab Kazmi
Full text linkThe outbreak of COVID-19 had a major effect on the mental and physical health of students. This study aimed to explore the mediational role of religiosity between coronavirus stress and life satisfaction among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was used. Public and private sector university students (N= 300) with the age range of 18-25 years were selected through purposive sampling from February 2021 to June 2021. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction and a significant negative relationship between coronavirus stress and life satisfaction in youth. Danger and contamination subscales were negative predictors of life satisfaction. Furthermore, religiosity was a significant mediator between coronavirus stress in terms of danger, contamination, and life satisfaction. Campus counselors might consider incorporating the role of religiosity in their intervention plans to reduce the levels of coronavirus stress and consequently enhance students` life satisfaction. This study also has implications for supporting youth with interventions to improve positive aspects of religiosity and life satisfaction given Pakistan’s high infectious disease burden and chronic disease burdens
Incidence of Government Expenditure on Education: Amanat Ali, Muhammad Akrami
No full textThis study analyses the incidence of the government expenditure on education in Pakistan at regional and provincial level, using the latest data of Pakistan Social Standard Living Measures Survey (PSLM) 2004-05 and by employing the Three-step methodology. The inequalities in the benefits of these expenditures exist at regional and provincial level. The rural areas are more disadvantaged groups in the provision of the education facilities. The expenditures in education sectors are overall progressive in Pakistan while it is regressive in technical education sectors in NWFP. All other sectors are progressive at provincial and regional levels. However variation in shares of different income groups in public expenditures benefits in the provision of education facilities exist
Structural Transformation, Openness and Economic
Full text linkMajority of the third world countries after gaining independence from the colonial powers were and remained poor, and underdeveloped from Western standard. In the post war era a number of theories were put forward to break the vicious circle of underdevelopment. Out of all those, the structural transformation theory was conceived an all curing remedy and almost all underdeveloped countries hailed this prescription. All these economies experienced the basic needs and integrated rural development policies during the period of 1970s. But during 1980s, these countries faced a common problem of macroeconomic instability. The neoclassical economists recommended the curing prescription for these countries in the form of export promotion, free markets and lesser role of these countries governments in economic matters. In this study, we empirically investigated the aforesaid policies in the context of Pakistan’s economy. The trade openness and structural transformation cause economic growth and partially support the neoclassical view