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Futbolo klubų rinkodaros strategijų tobulinimas Rusijoje
No full textRelevance and novelty. The article examines the issues related to the marketing activities of Russian football clubs in order to identify patterns in this process, as well as assessing the prospects for an integrated approach to evaluating such strategies in modern conditions, in particular, solving the issue of maximizing the effectiveness or efficiency and increasing the attractiveness of Russian football clubs in the international arena.
Justification for the study. Therefore, it is the actions of specific specialists that largely determine how exactly a football club positions itself in the external environment, and also with the help of which tools it solves the problems of increasing the brand’s popularity and attracting fans to stadiums, which directly contribute to the increase in sales of related products to clubs. Marketing management in a football club as well as in companies of other industries should be based on a marketing strategy that should solve a number of specific issues and ensure that the football club is stable in the external environment even in times of crisis. In this regard, the relevance of theoretical and practical research of this problem cannot be questionable.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how Russian football clubs deal with marketing activities in the new reality and consider the ways of optimizing their work.
Methods. The main research methods were literary review, analysis and synthesis of information, modeling and statistical analysis.
Results. As a result of the work, it was concluded that a marketing strategy is necessary for every football club, since it can be used not only to generate new ways of interacting with stakeholders, but also to create a good idea of the brand and ensure its promotion with much lower costs and problems. and also evaluate the effectiveness of brand communications. Realizing that organizational efficiency and effectiveness to a large extent depends not only on titles won, but also on financial performance, fan base growth, as well as the number of followers in social networks, which then turn into loyal fans, we can conclude that for a correct and adequate assessment of the club\u27s marketing strategy and its overall activities requires a system that will consider these, as well as unnamed, but no less important, indicators.
Conclusion. Based on the research, it is necessary to understand that the marketing strategy of a football club can significantly facilitate its task of increasing material well-being, as well as provide audience growth in the stands and brand recognition not only in the territory of a particular country, but also beyond its borders.
Keywords: football, marketing, integrated approach.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami klausimai, susiję su Rusijos futbolo klubų rinkodaros veikla, siekiant nustatyti šio proceso modelius, taip pat įvertinti integruoto požiūrio į tokių strategijų vertinimą šiuolaikinėmis sąlygomis perspektyvas, ypač sprendžiant maksimalaus efektyvumo ar jo didinimo ir Rusijos futbolo klubų patrauklumo tarptautinėje arenoje klausimą. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo ištirti, kaip Rusijos futbolo klubai susiduria su rinkodaros veikla naujoje realybėje, ir apsvarstyti jų darbo optimizavimo būdus. Galima daryti išvadą, kad rinkodaros strategija yra būtina kiekvienam futbolo klubui, nes ji gali būti naudojama ne tik naujiems bendravimo su suinteresuotosiomis šalimis būdams kurti, bet ir gerai prekės ženklo idėjai sukurti bei jo skatinimui užtikrinti daug mažesnėmis sąnaudomis ir problemomis, taip pat įvertinti prekės ženklo komunikacijos efektyvumą.
Raktažodžiai: futbolas, rinkodara, integruotas požiūri
Ergonomika: dalyko turinys ir metodologija
No full textBackground. Healthcare professionals often experience work-related musculoskeletal injuries due to improper patient handling methods. It is therefore important to teach students studying in health care study programmes the evidence-based contents and methods. Usually such knowledge is provided in courses of Ergonomics. Different educational institutions have different curricula and it is not clear whether graduates have acquired the adequate knowledge and skills.
The aim – to analyse the content of ergonomics training in different Lithuanian higher education institutions educating health care professionals and to identify differences between institutions.
Methods. Representatives of ten Lithuanian higher education institutions educating physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses completed a survey. The survey was carried out as a part of EU-project Renewing ergonomic education (RENE) for health care students in European HEIs, which involves six partner countries: Spain, Portugal, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia. The project aims to develop an international, evidence-based course on safe patient handling.
Results. It was found that in most (70 %) higher education institutions that train health care professionals, the subject of Ergonomics is taught as an individual course with different credit points ranging from 1 to 5 ECTS, in some institutions (30 %) ergonomics knowledge is integrated into other courses. Subject content and methodology varied between institutions.
Conclusions. Lithuanian higher education institutions educating physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses, the content, methodology and available tools of ergonomics teaching differ. In order for all graduates to have adequate knowledge and skills, the curriculum should be unified.
Keywords: ergonomics, patient care, subject content, methods.Pagrindimas. Sveikatos priežiūros specialistai dažnai patiria su darbine veikla susijusius kaulų ir raumenų pažeidimus dėl netinkamų paciento kūno padėties keitimo padėčių arba judesių. Todėl svarbu studentus, kurie mokosi sveikatos priežiūros srityje, išmokyti teisingų būdų ir metodų. Pablogai tokios žinios suteikiamos ergonomikos dalyke. Skirtingos mokymo institucijos turi skirtingas mokymo programas ir neaišku, ar jas baigusieji gavo vienodas arba panašias žinias bei įgūdžius.
Tikslas – išanalizuoti skirtingų Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų, rengiančių sveikatos priežiūros specialistus, ergonomikos dalyko mokymo turinį ir nustatyti mokymo skirtumus tarp skirtingų institucijų.
Metodai. Atlikta anketinė apklausa, kurioje dalyvavo dešimties Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų, rengiančių kineziterapeutus, ergoterapeutus ir slaugytojus, atstovai. Apklausa atlikta įgyvendinant ES projektą „Ergonominio švietimo atnaujinimas“ sveikatos priežiūros studentams Europos aukštosiose mokyklose (angl. Reniewing of Ergonomic Education RENE in European HEIs), kuriame dalyvauja šešios šalys partnerės: Ispanija, Portugalija, Suomija, Estija, Lietuva ir Slovėnija. Šiuo projektu siekiama sukurti tarptautinį saugaus pacientų kūno padėties keitimo ir perkėlimo mokymų kursą.
Rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad daugumoje (70 proc.) aukštojo mokslo institucijų, rengiančių sveikatos priežiūros specialistus, ergonomikos dalykas pateikiamas kaip atskira disciplina, jam skirtingose mokymo įstaigose skiriamas skirtingas kreditų skaičius: nuo vieno iki penkių kreditų (ECTS), kai kuriose institucijose (30 proc.) ergonomikos žinios integruotos į kitus dalykus. Ergonomikos dalyko mokymo turinys ir metodologija skiriasi tarp institucijų.
Išvados. Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose, rengiančiose kineziterapeutus, ergoterapeutus ir slaugytojus, ergonomikos mokymo turinys, metodologija ir turimos priemonės skiriasi. Siekiant, kad visi absolventai įgytų vienodas žinias ir įgūdžius, reikėtų praplėsti ir suvienodinti mokymo turinį.
Raktažodžiai: ergonomika, paciento priežiūra, mokymo turinys, metoda
Characteristics of Articles Published in Different Quartiles: A Bibliometric Analysis of Sport and Exercise Psychology Journals
Get PDFBackground. The purposes of this study were to determine the quantitative characteristics of the articles published in sports and exercise psychology journals in four quartiles of Web of Science and to understand whether these characteristics had any effect on citation.
Methods. Sport and exercise psychology journals indexed under the Sport Sciences subject category were included in the study. A total of 172 articles published in 2017, which was the most recent date meeting inclusion criteria, were collected from four sport and exercise psychology journals included: Psychology of Sport and Exercise (Q1), Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (Q2), Sport Psychologist (Q3), and International Journal of Sport Psychology (Q4).
Results. The articles published in Q1 journal were multi-institutional and multinational. Besides, they had longer abstracts and discussions and cited more references. The results revealed that multinational articles and articles with structured abstracts had higher citations than single country articles and articles with unstructured abstracts. The number of affiliated countries and references, and longer titles, abstracts, and introductions were found significantly associated with the number of citations. The bibliometric analysis indicated that the UK, the USA, and Canada were the major contributing countries.
Conclusion. This study is the first attempt to investigate the characteristics of articles published in different WoS quartiles within the field of sports and exercise psychology. The findings of the study may help researchers to improve their citation count.
Keywords: scientific productivity, essential science indicators, journal impact factor, Web of Science, scientometrics
Effects of Single 48 H Fasting on Soleus Muscle Mass and Contractile Properties in Old and Young Mice
Get PDFBackground. Both fasting and ageing processes lead to muscle wasting. We studied the effect of single 48 h fasting on soleus skeletal muscle mass and force in young and old mice.Methods. The study involved 18 young and 13 old mice. Body and soleus (SOL) muscle mass were measured followed by assessment of peak and specific SOL force under ex vivo conditions. SOL muscle half-relaxation time and 20 Hz to 100 Hz force ratio were also measured.Results. After fasting, weight loss was greater (p < .05) in young mice compared to old mice (17.0 ± 2.6 versus 12.0 ± 1.7%, respectively). Fasted young, but not old mice showed reduction (p < .05) in SOL mass compared to the control values. On the other hand, specific SOL force was reduced (p < .05) only in old mice, while 20 Hz to 100 Hz force ratio decreased (p < .05) only in young mice after fasting.Conclusions. Our results showed that 48 h fasting caused lower SOL muscle peak and specific force in old but not young mice. Keywords: starvation, peak force, specific force, ageing
Expression of Emotional Intelligence Among Tennis Players
Get PDFBackground. Emotional intelligence (EI) is most commonly studied based on the cognitive-emotional ability or trait emotional self-efficacy model (Siegling & Petrides, 2015). This study was based on the EI capability model. Research based on ability models measures a person’s ability to solve emotional problems and assesses the ability to perform emotion-related tasks (Magrum, Waller, Campbell, & Schempp, 2019). The aim of this study was to reveal the expression of emotional intelligence in tennis players.Methods. To collect data, Schutte SSRI questionnaire survey was applied. Research participants were 99 tennis payers (55 men and 44 women, aged 15 to 65 years), including 85 amateurs and 15 professional players.Results. The comparison of mean scores for emotional intelligence according to gender showed that women had a statistically significantly higher score in other people’s emotion management (3.8 ± 0.44) than men (3.6 ± 0.49) (t(97) = –2.116; p = .037). Age comparisons of emotional intelligence scores revealed a statistically significant better estimate among tennis players over the age of 41 (4.24 ± 0.53) than those under the age of 30 (3.78 ± 0.7) (p = .008). There were also statistically significant positive weak relationships between tennis player age and emotion utilization (r = .269; p = .007) and overall emotional intelligence rating (r = .211; p = .036). There were no statistically significant differences between the aspects of emotional intelligence in training duration (p > .05).Conclusions. It was found that women believed they were better able than men to manage other people’s emotions, and the difference between women’s and men’s opinions was statistically significant (p < .05). Statistically significant positive correlations were revealed between the age of tennis players and the use of emotions (p < .01) as well as age and the general assessment of emotional intelligence (p < .05). This study did not reveal a significant relationship between the emotional intelligence of tennis players and the duration of training (p > .05). Keywords: tennis players, emotional intelligence, abilities
Doping Prevention in Sport: Overview of Anti-Doping Education Programmes
Get PDFBackground. As doping can damage the sports industry, it is fundamental for athletes to engage in the anti-doping education programs and understand the anti-doping rules. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of research focusing on anti-doping education.Methods. Scientific research analysis was done by focusing on doping prevention and education programs.Results. Anti-doping education should focus on young athletes, involve family members, friends and coaches. In relation with anti-doping programs which concentrated on health education and informative knowledge, moral and ethical behaviour based anti-doping education was believed to be more effective in actual doping behaviour of athletes. Since coaches could be potentially influencing athletes’ doping behaviour, there should be a collaboration of sports organizations and policy makers in order to help coaches operate within anti-doping rules by creating certain doping prevention programs.Conclusions. Research studies which examine athletes’ belief system and provoke critical thinking in athletes about using banned substances in sport might be more effective in preventing doping than programs focusing only on health education. Keywords: anti-doping, doping, education, prohibited substances
A/J pelių linijoje esanti 10 chromosoma neveikia C57BL/J pelių raumenų savybių. Pelių modelis žmonių metabolizmo ir senėjimo tyrimuose
No full textBackground. Muscle mass plays a key role in recovery from critical illness or severe trauma. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease (Nichols et al., 2019). Sarcopenia, low muscle mass, is an increasing problem in our ageing society. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies extremely between elderly cohorts ranging from 7 to over 50% (Bijlsma et al., 2013). Due to their phylogenetic relatedness mice have long served as models of human biology including search for genetic determinants of muscle mass (Morse, 2007). Our aim was to investigate if gene variants that reside in chromosome 10 of A/J mouse strain affect muscle properties of C57BL/6J mouse Methods. We studied C57BL/6J (B6, n = 11) mouse strain and C57BL/6J-Chr10A/J/NaJ (B6.A10, n = 10) strain which also has B6 strain background, but carry chromosome 10 from A/J strain instead of chromosome 10 from B6 strain. Body mass, soleus (SOL) muscle mass and morphometric characteristics as well as tibia length were Results. SOL mass did not differ between B6 and B6.A10 strains (9.3 ± 0.7mg vs. 9.8 ± 0.4mg, respectively, p > 0.05). There were also no differences in the number of muscle fibres (860 ± 148 vs. 913 ± 136 for B6 and B6.A10 strains, respectively, p > 0.05). B6 and B6.A10 strain mice had similar cross-sectional area of type I (1616µm² ± 303 vs. 1752µm² ± 136, B6 and B6.A10 mice, p > 0.05) and type II fibres (1689µm² ± 291 vs.1734µm² ± 179, B6 and B6.A10 mice, p > Conclusion. Chromosome 10 of B6.A10 mice does not harbour any genes that would affect muscle properties of B6 mice.Keywords: muscle mass, cross-sectional area, muscle fibres.Tyrimo pagrindimas. Raumenų masė yra vienas iš esminių rodiklių, kurie paveikia atsigavimą po sunkios ligos ar traumos. Maža raumenų masė susijusi su didesne ligonių, sergančių vainikinių arterijų ligomis, mirštamumo rizika (Nichols et al., 2019. Sarkopenijos paplitimas tarp senyvo amžiaus žmonių apima nuo 7 iki 50% populiacijos (Bijlsma et al., 2013). Dėl savo filogenetinio panašumo pelės ilgą laiką tarnavo kaip žmogaus biologijos modeliai, įskaitant genetinių raumenų masę lemiančius veiksnius (Morse, 2007). Mūsų tikslas buvo ištirti, ar A/J pelių linijos 10 chromosomoje esantys genų variantai veikia C57BL/6J pelių linijos raumenų Metodai. Ištyrėme C57BL / 6J (B6, n = 11) ir C57BL/6J-Chr10A/J/NaJ (B6.A10, n = 10) pelių linijas. B6.A10 linija turi B6 linijos genetinį foną, tačiau skiriasi 10 chromosoma, kuri yra iš A/J linijos, vietoj 10 chromosomos – iš B6 linijos. Buvo įvertinta kūno masė, plekšninio raumens masė ir morfometrinės savybės, blauzdikaulio Rezultatai. Plekšninio raumens masė nesiskyrė tarp B6 ir B6.A10 linijų (9.3 ± 0.7 mg ir 9.8 ± 0.4 mg atitinkamai, p > 0.05). Taip pat nenustatėme skirtumo tarp raumeninių skaidulų kiekio (860 ± 148 ir 913 ± 136, atitinkamai B6 ir B6.A10 linijų, p > 0.05). B6 ir B6.A10 pelės turėjo vienodą raumeninių skaidulų skerspjūvio plotą: I tipo skaidulų (1616 µm² ± 303 ir 1752µm² ± 136, B6 ir B6.A10 linijos atitinkamai, p > 0.05) ir II tipo skaidulų (1689 µm² ± 291 ir 1734µm² ± 179, B6 ir B6.A10 linijos atitinkamai, p > Išvada. 10 chromosoma, esanti B6.A10 pelių linijoje neturi jokių genų, kurie gali paveikti B6 linijos pelių raumenų savybes.Raktažodžiai: raumenų masė, skerspjūvio plotas, raumeninės skaidulos.
Relationships between the Psychoemotional State of Middle-Aged People and their Physical Activity Levels
Get PDFBackground. Constantly accelerating pace of life, heavy workloads, and new technologies coming into our lives lead to mental health problems - stress, anxiety, and depression, which causes uncontrollable physical health problems. The relationship between individual PA domains and physical activity intensity in middle-aged individuals as well as their psycho-emotional status have not been sufficiently explored. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between psycho-emotional state and physical activity levels in middle-aged people.Methods. The epidemiological method was chosen for the study. The chosen method of data collection was an anonymous questionnaire survey.Results. Assessing the psycho-emotional state of the subjects, we found that 17.8% of women and men studied were experiencing stress. More women (45%) than men (27.5%) experienced nervous tension, and more men (25.5%) than women (13.7%) experienced stress. High levels of physical activity were found in more than 2/3 of the subjects (73.5%). The distributions of women and men did not differ much according to the level of physical activity (74.3, 72.0%).Conclusion. A higher level of physical activity was associated with a better assessment of nervous tension and stress – more physically active individuals experience less nervous tension and stress. People who spent more time sitting on weekdays and at weekends experienced more nervous tension and stress.Keywords: physical activity levels, psychoemotional state, sedentary lifestyle, physically active lifestyle, nervous tension and stress
Relationship between Primary School Children’s Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and their Parents’ Physical Activity
Get PDFBackground. Healthy lifestyle skills instilled in childhood remain into adulthood. Parental physical activity skills are directly related to their children’s physical activity which strengthens their children’s physical fitness. The aim of the study was to determine and evaluate the relationship between parents’ and children’s physical activity and to evaluate the links between children’s physical activity and physical fitness.Methods. The study involved 486 primary school children aged 7 to 10 years (240 boys and 241 girls) and their parents from Kaunas district. The study was conducted in 2018 in Kaunas district schools. Parental physical activity was assessed using Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire-GLTEQ (Godin & Shephard, 1985). Physical activity of primary school children was assessed by submitting a questionnaire to parents developed by researchers Bacardi-Gascón, Reveles-Roy, Woodward-Lopez, Crawford, and Jiménez-Cruz (2012). Schoolchildren’s physical fitness was assessed by 9 physical fitness tests (Fjørtoft, Pedersen, Sigmundsson, & Vereijken, 2011).Results. Having assessed the physical activity of children according to WHO (2010) recommendations, we found that the vast majority of the surveyed children (93.6% of boys and 86.3 of girls) were physically active, i.e. they engaged in physical activity for more than 1 hour during the day. Comparing the schoolchildren’s physical fitness by gender we found that boys were more physically fit than girls when performing long jumps, two-legged jumps, throwing a tennis ball, and running for six minutes (p < .05). Comparing the results of schoolchildren’s physical fitness by grades (Table 3), we observed that the older children were, the more physically fit they were. Correlation analysis of the research results showed a statistically significant direct relationship between father’s and mother’s physical activity (r = .487, p = .0001). A significant relationship was found between the results of children’s physical activity and tennis ball throwing (r = .170, p = .018) and the results of 10 * 5m running tests (r = –.150, p = .019). Higher physical activity was directly associated with better scores on these tests.Conclusion. Schoolchildren’s and their parents’ physical activity has no relation with schoolchildren’s physical fitness.Keywords: healthy, lifestyle, physical activity, physical fitness
Lietuvos didžiųjų miestų greitosios medicinos pagalbos darbuotojų patiriamo smurto darbe ir jo valdymo vertinimas
Get PDFThe purpose was to investigate violence experienced in work environment by emergency medical service workers of Lithuania’s biggest cities and methods of violence management.Methods – Questionnaire survey.Relevance of the research. Violence and aggression in the workplace affect many fields and workers of different levels. However, healthcare sector has the highest risk of experiencing violence. In recent years, it was found that healthcare specialists were under substantial risk of experiencing violence from patients or their companions and it raises concern about the medical personnel. Although workers may experience violence and aggression in every healthcare field, it is more likely for the specialists providing emergency medical aid. Therefore, it is of great importance to put efforts into protecting emergency care providers and patients from incidents of aggression or violence in order to deliver quality care for the patients. The objective of this study was to explore violence in the workplace experienced by Lithuania’s biggest cities emergency medical service workers and ways it can be managed.Research results and conclusions. After the analysis of the survey results it was found that emergency medical service workers of Lithuania’s biggest cities most frequently experience violence in form of verbal aggression (on average 57 times a year), provocative aggressive behaviours (22 times a year) and threats (20 times a year). The rarest form of violence experienced was sexual harassment.After analysing the responses, it was noted that emergency medical service providers of Lithuania’s biggest cities experienced violence from patients in more than half of all cases and in about one third of cases of violence it was received from relatives. It should also be noted that a small part (one-tenth of all cases) of violence was received from colleagues at work.In situations of violence, emergency medical service workers try to hide their fear and do not retreat, they remain close to the exit door and try to reduce excessive triggers and noises that could escalate frustration.Keywords: violence, ambulance, aggression. Smurtas ir agresija darbo vietoje paveikia nemažai sektorių ir visų lygių darbuotojus, tačiau sveikatos priežiūros sektoriuje yra didžiausia rizika patirti smurtą. Pastaraisiais metais nustatyta, kad sveikatos priežiūros specialistams kyla didelė pacientų ar juos lydinčių asmenų smurto riziką. Tai kelia vis didesnį susirūpinimą. Nors visuose sveikatos priežiūros sektoriuose personalas gali patirti agresiją ar smurtą, didesnė tikimybė, kad tai patirs specialistai, teikiantys skubią medicinos pagalbą. Todėl labai svarbu stengtis apsaugoti skubią medicinos pagalbą teikiančius darbuotojus ir pacientus nuo patiriamos agresijos bei smurto, užtikrinant reikiamą ir kokybišką pagalbą pacientams. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti Lietuvos didžiųjų miestų greitosios medicinos pagalbos (GMP) darbuotojų patiriamą smurtą darbo aplinkoje ir jo valdymo būdus.Raktažodžiai: smurtas, greitoji medicinos pagalba, agresija