Veterinaria Italiana (Journal)
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Epidemiological investigation on Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle and camels in southern Egypt
Get PDFIn this study, the ELISA procedure was used to detect antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBRV) viruses. The BVDV serological survey in Aswan province in southern Egypt was carried out on 184 unvaccinated cattle and camels. The overall seroprevalence was 18.48% (34/184), but in cattle was 34.78% (32/92) and 2.18% (2/92) in camels. The serological survey was conducted on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) antibodies was conducted on 460 unvaccinated cattle from three different provinces (Qena, Luxor, and Aswan). The overall seroprevalence was 60.00% (276/460). The infection rate in Aswan was higher (83.70%) than Qena and Luxor, 53.63% and 45.65%, respectively. Epidemiological status was established to clarify the influence of location in Qena, Luxor and Aswan for bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the effect of management systems in infection rate for cattle. The high predominance of antibodies in cattle may be the principal factor to limit the cattle industry in Egypt. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence rate of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea in cattle and camel in southern Egypt
Molecular and pathological investigations of Marek’s disease outbreaks in vaccinated poultry farms in Plateau State, North Central-Nigeria
Get PDFMarek’s disease (MD) is a devastating neoplastic disease of poultry caused by MD virus (MDV). MD is one of the several diseases limiting the thriving Nigerian poultry industry. MD is mostly diagnosed in Nigeria based on history and gross lesions without laboratory investigations leading to underreporting of the disease. This study investigated MD outbreaks in poultry farms using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology. Tumourous visceral organs were collected from dead chickens presented to veterinary clinics from 110 farms in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria from April 2013 to August 2014. Clinical signs observed in affected chickens were paralysis, stunting and uneven growth. Whilst the gross lesions observed were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with lymphoma, prominent peripheral nerves and cachexia. The meq gene of MDV‑1 was detected by PCR in 55.0% (n = 11/20) of broilers and 71.1% (n = 64/90) of vaccinated layer chicken samples collected. Microscopy revealed severe diffuse lymphocytic infiltrations in the heart, spleen and liver of chickens with tumourous gross lesions. Based on history, gross lesions, detection of meq gene of MDV‑1 by PCR and histopathology results, MD was confirmed in the affected farms. Despite vaccination, outbreaks of MD still occurs in poultry farms in Nigeria. This study represents the first confirmatory diagnosis of MD in vaccinated poultry in Nigeria
Canine brucellosis due to Brucella canis: description of the disease and control measures
Get PDFBrucellosis is a contagious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which can affect different animal species. Dogs may occasionally be infected with B. abortus, B. melitensis or B. suis, or by the endemic form of the disease, caused by B. canis. Among the brucellosis‑affecting domestic animals, that of the dog is certainly the least frequent, but also the least studied. Canine brucellosis due to B. canis represents the dog‑specific brucellosis, both because it is the main susceptible animal species, and because it constitutes its fundamental reservoir of infection. The disease can also affect humans, although its course does not assume the characteristics of severity typical of the infection determined by the ‘classical’ species of the genus Brucella. In Italy, there are frequent imports of dogs from countries where the disease is present, often with non‑controlled movements and without sanitary controls. Considering that the zoonotic potential of the disease can be favored by the close cohabitation between man and dog, which occurs especially in urban environments, canine brucellosis has to be regarded as a public health problem susceptible to introduction and spread in the Italian territory
First report of paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) in livestock farms of river buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in Nineveh, Iraq
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy buffalo herds from six different geographical areas in Nineveh, Iraq. A total of 87 individual faecal samples from river buffaloes, representing 12 dairy herds, were investigated for detection of MAP using cultural, Ziehl‑Neelsen and MAP‑specific PCR‑based methods. Overall, MAP was detected at a higher frequency at herd‑level (4/12; 33%) compared to the total individual faecal samples (14/87; 16%) with a cell density ranging from 101 to 103 CFU g‑1. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher frequency (9/17; 53%) of MAP was observed in faecal samples collected from clinically diseased as compared to healthy (5/70; 7%) buffaloes selected for the study. However, no statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was observed in the frequency of MAP occurrence between clinical (9; 64%) and apparently healthy (5; 36%) cases. This report, which is the first MAP study based on data from Iraqi dairy buffalo herds suggests that MAP transmission is a significant health risk for grazing livestock. In conclusion, this study would help farm owners and regulatory authorities to realise the importance of developing and applying best farm management practices in order to prevent transmission of MAP to healthy animals and the environment. In addition, effective diagnostic tests should be taken into account when carrying out the screening tests.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella species Isolated from Ducks and Indigenous chickens in live-bird Markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility from ducks and indigenous chickens in major live-bird markets at Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Thirty-one cloaca samples were each collected from both ducks and indigenous chickens in three different sample locations for a total of 186 cloacae swab samples. Isolation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was done using MacConkey agar and Sorbitol MacConkey agar selective for E. coli O157:H7, while serological latex agglutination test kit was used to confirm isolates. Rappaport Vassiliadis and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar were used for Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the CLSI 2020 standards. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test (p ≤ 0.05). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was confirmed in 31 samples (16.7%). E. coli isolates showed high resistance (90.3-93.5%) to cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin, while they were highly susceptible to ofloxacin (96.8%) and gentamycin (80.7%). Salmonella was confirmed in 24 samples (12.9%). Salmonella showed 100% resistance to cefuroxime, cefixime ceftazidime, and amoxicillin, but was highly susceptible to gentamycin (91.7%) and nitrofurantoin (66.7%). No statistically significant association (p<0.05) was observed between the occurrence of E. coli O157 and Salmonella within the three live-bird markets. This study reveals that E. coli and Salmonella spp. occur in ducks and indigenous chickens from major live bird markets in Ibadan, Oyo state with antimicrobial susceptibility. Findings from this study underscores the need for further studies on these pathogenic organisms from ducks in Nigeria because there is paucity of data on this species of poultry that may serve as reservoir for these zoonotic organisms
Specie di zanzare presenti in Abruzzo e Molise e il loro possibile ruolo come vettori dei virus West Nile e Usutu
No full textIn 2019, entomological survey on mosquitoes was carried out in Abruzzo and Molise regions in central Italy to obtain data on local mosquito fauna. Collection sites were selected based on a previous ecoregion classification of the territory. From 2019 to 2021 virological surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) on mosquitoes was carried out in the same regions, selecting ecoregions where virus circulation and vector presence were more likely, all mosquitoes were collected and identified, and the female mosquitoes were sorted in 3046 pools and tested for the presence of WNV and USUV by Real-time PCR. All pools tested negative for WND, while USUV was detected in 7 pools of Aedes caspius collected in Molise region, 17 pools of Culex pipiens s.l. (2 collected in Molise, 15 in Abruzzo), and 1 pool of Culiseta longiareolata collected in Molise. These results suggests the presence of an USUV enzootic cycle, maintained by Culex pipiens s.l. and Aedes caspius in both Italian regions, as well as providing a useful picture in terms of species presence and abundance for both regions. Ecoregions proved to be a very valuable tool in determining high risk areas for vector borne diseasesNel 2019, è stata effettuata una indagine entomologica sulle zanzare delle regioni Italiane dell'Abruzzo e del Molise per ottenere dati sulla composizione della fauna culicidica locale. I siti di cattura sono stati selezionati sulla base di una precedente classificazione in ecoregioni del territorio locale. Dal 2019 al 2021, in Abruzzo e Molise, è stata effettuata una sorveglianza virologica su zanzare per i virus West Nile e Usutu, selezionando le ecoregioni in cui la circolazione del virus e la presenza dei vettori fosse più probabile, tutte le zanzare catturate sono state identificate morfologicamente, e le zanzare femmine sono state divise in 3046 pool e testate, tramite Real-time PCR, per la presenza dei virus West Nile e Usutu. Tutti i pool sono risultati negativi per West Nile, mentre il virus Usutu è stato trovato in 7 pool di Aedes caspius catturate in Molise, 17 pool di Culex pipiens s.l. (2 provenienti dal Molise, 15 dall’Abruzzo), e in 1 pool di Culiseta longiareolata proveniente dal Molise. Questi risultati suggeriscono la presenza di un ciclo enzootico di USUV, mantenuto da Culex pipiens s.l. e da Aedes caspius in entrambe le regioni, oltre che dare un quadro sulla presenza e abbondanza delle specie di zanzare presenti nei territori di Abruzzo e Molise. La classificazione in ecoregioni si è dimostrata un valido strumento nella determinazione delle aree ad alto rischio per le malattie trasmesse da vettori
Multidrug resistant enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli serogroups in the faeces of hunted Wildlife, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Get PDFWildlife plays significant roles in the dissemination and zoonotic transmission of pathogens. The enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are associated with complicated cases of food‑borne illnesses. This study investigated the presence of EHEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O145, O91, O111, O128, O121 and O157) in wildlife species: cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus), royal antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus), African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus) and waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). EHEC and non‑EHEC isolates from these wildlife sources were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Overall, 127 (83.0 %) out of 153 samples yielded E. coli. Nine (5.9%) samples were positive for EHEC belonging to three serogroups as follows: O26 (n = 2), O111 (n = 2) and O103 (n = 5). The EHEC isolates were from cane rats (n = 6) and royal antelope (n = 3) and possessed virulence‑associated genes stx1 (77.8%), stx2 (100.0%), eaeA (100.0%) and hlyA (100.0%). Overall, 127 E. coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (99.2%), ceftiofur (90.6%), tetracycline (90.0%), cephalexin (87.4%), cefotaxime (50.4%), streptomycin 42.5%, ceftazidime (41.7%), nalidixic acid (37.0%), ciprofloxacin (43.6%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (32.3%), gentamicin (27.6%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25.2%), norfloxacin (17.3%) and chloramphenicol (11.0%). The role of wildlife in the dissemination and transmission of antimicrobial resistant and zoonotic bacteria should not be neglected for effective preventive and control strategies
Renal carcinoma with metastatic spread in a tiger (Panthera tigris): morphological and immunohistochemical study
Get PDFA 12‑year‑old intact male Panthera tigris presented with pain and weight loss was euthanatized. Necroscopical examination revealed a neoplastic mass expanding to the left renal pelvis with metastatic dissemination to local lymph node, adrenal gland, and lung. Immunohistochemical characterization was performed revealing co‑expression of both cytokeratin and vimentin and negativity for both PAX8 and c‑KIT. Considering histochemical and immunohistochemical results the tumour was classified as renal cell carcinoma with metastatic spread. This report provides insights into the morphological and immunohistochemical features of renal cell carcinoma in Panthera tigris
Campylobacter and risk factors associated with dog ownership: a retrospective study in household and in shelter dogs
No full textCampylobacteriosis has been the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in Europe. The scientific literature has reported that the role of dogs may be relevant. The objectives of this work are to improve the knowledge about Campylobacter spp. carriage, infection and antimicrobial resistance in household and shelter dogs in Italy, and to assess risk factors at the dog/human interface. During the 2015‑2016 period, rectal swabs were collected from 431 household vet‑visiting dogs and 173 dogs housed in shelters. A total of 3 veterinary clinics, located in three Italian regions (Abruzzo, Molise and Tuscany) and 10 shelters, five in Abruzzo and five in Molise, were included in the study. Relevant risk factors for the transmission of Campylobacter spp. from dogs to humans were assessed by means of a questionnaire administered to owners of household dogs. For Campylobacter spp. isolation, selective cultivation methods were used, followed by confirmation and species identification with the PCR method. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles assayed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing were combined. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 9 household dogs (2.1% CI 1.1% ‑ 3.9%) and from 13 shelter dogs (7.5 % CI 4.5% ‑ 12.4%). In household dogs C. jejuni was the most represented species (0.9%). In shelter dogs, the most common species was C. jejuni (5.2%). Campylobacter spp. isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (22.73%), nalidixic acid (22.73%), tetracyclines (27.27%), streptomycin (9.09%) and erythromycin (4.55%). The main C. jejuni Clonal Complex identified in dogs were CC21, CC45, CC206, CC403, CC42 and CC658. The risk of contracting Campylobacteriosis from dogs remains a concrete reality. This risk is increased in the presence of common habits, as shown by the data from the questionnaire. Prevalence control of Campylobacter spp. in household and shelter dogs would be important in order to reduce the transmission to humans.Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro sono migliorare le conoscenze sul trasporto, infezione e resistenza antimicrobica del Campylobacter spp. nei cani domestici e dei canili in Italia e di valutare i fattori di rischio nella relazione cane/uomo.Durante il periodo 2015-2016, sono stati raccolti tamponi rettali da 431 cani veterinari domestici e 173 cani alloggiati in rifugi. Sono state incluse nello studio 3 cliniche veterinarie, situate nelle regioni italiane d'Abruzzo, Molise e Toscana e 10 rifugi, cinque nella regione Abruzzo e cinque nella regione Molise. Fattori di rischio rilevanti per la trasmissione di Campylobacter spp. dai cani agli esseri umani sono stati valutati mediante un questionario.Per l'isolamento sono stati utilizzati metodi di coltivazione selettiva, seguiti da conferma e identificazione delle specie con il metodo PCR. I profili fenotipici di antibioticoresistenza sono stati valutati mediente test di sensibilita.Campylobacter spp. sono stati isolati da 9 cani domestici (2,1% IC 1,1% - 3,9%) e da 13 cani ospitati presso canili (7,5% CI 4,5% - 12,4%). Nei cani domestici C. jejuni é stata la specie più rappresentata (0,9%) seguita da C. upsaliensis (0,5%), mentre C. vulpis, C. lari e C. coli sono stati rilevati solo nello 0,2% degli animali. Nei cani rifugiati la specie più comune é stata C. jejuni (5,2%).I ceppi isolati di Campylobacter spp. erano resistenti alla ciprofloxacina (22,73%), acido nalidixico (22,73%), tetracicline (27,27%), streptomicina (9,09%) ed eritromicina (4,55%).I principali complessi clonali di C. jejuni identificati nei cani erano CC21, CC45, CC206, CC403, CC42 e CC658
Control measures to reduce Neospora caninum abortions in dairy farms: a pilot study in Iran
Get PDFNeospora caninum plays an important role in abortion and economic losses in dairy industry worldwide. The main target of this work was to detect the infection rate of N. caninum in various hosts in dairy farms for identifying the risk factors and applying appropriate control programs to reduce the number of abortions. The study was conducted in dairy farms with high incidence of abortion in Hamedan province, West of Iran. After the primary assessment, we conducted a controlling program for reducing the Neospora‑infection rate and associated abortions. Before implementing the control program, the seropositivity was 24.8% in cows (N=476 distributed in 10 farms) and 8.6% (N=185) in dogs. Abortion occurred in 3.57% of pregnant cows. 94.1% of aborted cows were positive for Neospora‑infection. Based on molecular technique, the infection rate was detected in 7.3% of cats (N=41), in 25% of pigeons (N=19)and in 11.8% of rodents (N=51). After the implementation of neosporosis control programs in the farms, the seropositivity of N. caninum decreased to 8.2% in cows and 2.9% in dogs. After the one‑year follow‑up, no cases of abortions were reported in the farms. This was the first parallel evaluation of Neospora‑infection and controlling programs in Iranian dairy farms. Regular control of rodents, retesting of seronegative animals and farm biosecurity measures are recommended for reducing the abortion incidence. The access of dogs to the herd and to aborted materials should be restricted