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Hybrid Triboelectric-piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Long-term Load Monitoring in Total Knee Replacements
Get PDFA self-powered and durable pressure sensor for large-scale pressure detection on the knee implant would be highly advantageous for designing long- lasting and reliable knee implants as well as obtaining information about knee function after the operation. The purpose of this study is to develop a robust energy harvester that can convert wide ranges of pressure to electricity to power a load sensor inside the knee implant. To efficiently convert loads to electricity, we design a cuboid-array-structured tribo-pizoelectric nanogenerator (TPENG) in vertical contact mode inside a knee implant package. The proposed TPENG is fabricated with aluminum and cuboid-patterned silicone rubber layers. Using the cuboid-patterned silicone rubber as a dielectric and aluminum as electrodes improves performance compared with previously reported self-powered sensors. The combination of 10 wt% dopamine-modified BaT iO3 piezoelectric nanoparticles in the silicone rubber enhanced electrical stability and mechanical durability of the silicone rubber. To examine the output, the package-harvester assemblies are loaded into an MTS machine under different periodic loading. Under different cyclic loading, frequencies, and resistance loads, the harvester’s output performance is also theoretically studied and experimentally verified. The proposed cuboid-array-structured TPENG integrated into the knee implant package can generate approximately 15 μW of apparent power under dynamic compressive loading of 2200 N magnitude. In addition, as a result of the TPENG’s materials being effectively optimized, it possesses remarkable mechanical durability and signal stability, functioning after more than 30,000 cycles under 2200 N load and producing about 300 V peak to peak. We have also presented a mathematical model and numerical results that closely capture experimental results. We have reported how the TPENG charge density varies with force. This study represents a significant advancement in a better understanding of harvesting mechanical energy for instrumented knee implants to detect a load imbalance or abnormal gait patterns
From the Sea, Work : Investigating Historical French Landscapes and Lifeways at Anse à Bertrand, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Get PDFGiven its history and changing role within the French salt-cod fishery, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon was essential for French colonial expansion throughout the Atlantic World. Saint-Pierre’s sheltered harbour paired with the archipelago’s proximity to the Grand Banks made these islands an ideal locale for carrying out shore-based activities associated with the salt-cod fishery. In this way, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon can be viewed not only as an integral component of the French presence within the greater region but also as a unique cultural landscape within its own right. With particular reference to Anse à Bertrand, a site located on the southeastern edge of the Saint-Pierre harbour, this paper pieces together historical and archaeological data to explore the archipelago’s maritime cultural landscape during the 300-year life history of the site. Through analysis of historical records, archaeological features, and over 19,000 artefacts, this study is an initial documentation of the “way of life” of Saint-Pierre et Miquelon’s historical inhabitants from the establishment of permanent European settlement during the late 17th century through to the collapse of the Northeast Atlantic cod fishery in the late 20th century
Managing Editor\u27s Note
Get PDFA message from the 2023-2024 Managing Editor of the Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal, Sydney Werner
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Historic Art Paint Pigments
Get PDFUtilizing synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy enables researchers to deduce the elemental composition of paint pigments with a higher sensitivity and resolution than that of lab-based XRF instruments. With this information, art historians can date paintings by examining the elemental makeup of paint pigments and the time periods in which they were used. One painting, Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, has been duplicated by Pieter Brueghel the Younger and other artists, leading to confusion over which artworks are Brueghel masterpieces or copies by other artists. Art historian Maurizio Seracini, retaining a painting that could be assigned to Brueghel, confirmed the artwork was a reproduction not created by Brueghel. With radiocarbon dating, Dr. Seracini discovered that the painting was created between 1679 and 1939, after Brueghel’s death in 1638. Dr. Seracini also employed X- ray imaging to differentiate between the painting’s visible and lower layers. This technique uncovered a seated woman within the artwork’s lower layers, indicating that the artist has painted over the original artwork. Substantiating Dr. Seracini’s findings, the sub-µm spatial resolution of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL’s) Submicron Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (SRX) beamline was used to conduct an XRF microscopy analysis on a paint fragment from the artwork. The software PyXRF was used to identify elements based on emission spectra, contributing to the discovery of titanium within the painting. The presence of titanium, an element incorporated into paint pigments starting in 1921, indicates that the artwork may be more modern than previously thought. These results illustrate the applicability of synchrotron radiation in characterizing the physical and chemical properties of cultural heritage artifacts, supporting historians in their quests to discover the stories behind these objects
The Effects of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression Across Development in Rats
Get PDFFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is an umbrella term that describes the host of symptoms that may result from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The incidence of anxiety disorders in children exposed to moderate PAE (mPAE) is twice that seen in children exposed to low amounts. mPAE animal models demonstrate anxiety-like behaviors reflective of those seen in humans exposed to mPAE. Gestational day 12 (G12) in rats is a period during which the amygdala is undergoing significant development. Past studies suggest that mPAE during G12 is implicated in the anxiety-like behavior observed in rats. The basolateral amygdala is part of the anxiety circuit and is modulated by the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system. The purpose of this study was to measure KOR expression levels following mPAE on G12 to determine how these changes contribute to anxiety-like behavior observed in rats across development. Alterations in KOR mRNA levels were assessed using RNAscope in situ hybridization. Results indicate no significant differences in KOR transcript levels or percent opioid receptor kappa 1 (OPRK1) positive cells across age, sex, and exposure. This suggests that changes in KOR expression may not underlie the anxiety-like behavior observed in rats. Results also indicate a greater colocalization of OPRK1 with CamKII compared to GAD1, suggesting that KORs are expressed on pyramidal neurons in the BLA. Further research with a larger sample size could lend a better understanding as to how KOR expression levels change across the developmental trajectory
The Impact of Brooding Rumination on Stress Generation in Youth
Get PDFStress is a known risk factor for depression (Santee, 2023). Previous research has indicated that depression increases risk for additional stress in particular, interpersonal stress, a process known as stress generation (Hammen, 2008). It is unclear however if vulnerabilities for depression might also increase risk for stress generation. Brooding rumination, a type of negative self-referential thinking, has been identified as a risk factor for depression (Hilt & Pollak, 2013). This study examined whether brooding rumination predicts an increase in stress generation in children over a 6 month perio. Participants were 8-14 year old children and their mothers. Mothers were required to have a history of major depressive disorder during the children’s lives or no history of any depressive disorder. UCLA Episodic Life Stress Interviews were used to assess levels of dependent stress at two time points, six months apart. Children’s levels of brooding rumination were assessed using a self-report questionnaire at the first time point. Analyses revealed that higher levels of brooding rumination significantly predicted an increase in levels of dependent stress over the 6 month period, suggesting that brooding can lead to stress generation in children.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1003/thumbnail.jp
Substantial Events and the Economic Status of Binghamton
Get PDFHave you ever wondered how distinct events and policies can affect the economic state of your city? Substantial events can heavily influence the economic pattern and therefore sway population numbers within the city. In my research I explore multiple events / policies that demonstrate different severities and the impact on the economic status of Binghamton. During the times of selected changes -for example the closing of EJ Shoe Factory - I pinpoint the economic phases and analyze how these circumstances caused a change within the economic cycle. The research will also contain an analysis of how the cycle change of the city holds power - if any - over the population of Binghamton. The information produced from this project can assist in preparing the population of Binghamton in case of life-altering events that may occur in the upcoming years, as well as help in the understanding of the connections between policies, economics, and population.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1005/thumbnail.jp
Exploring Children\u27s Uncertainty with Engineering Kits: The Influence of Parental STEM Backgrounds
Get PDFUncertainty is an essential part of the learning process in STEM; yet, less is known as to how parents with different careers support children’s learning through uncertainties. This study examined the kinds of uncertainties observed in children to determine if these uncertainties differ based on whether or not their parent(s) have a background in STEM. Parents with both STEM and non-STEM backgrounds were provided with kits consisting of instructions and materials that can be used to create engineering projects in their home environment. Video data recorded via Zoom of children and parents engaging with the engineering kits was analyzed to quantify children\u27s uncertainties. We hypothesize that children of parents from non-STEM backgrounds will exhibit higher levels of uncertainty in tasks related to engineering. A deeper understanding of the uncertainties children face when tackling STEM challenges will provide insight on how to better support children\u27s involvement and achievement in STEM.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1032/thumbnail.jp
Race and Ethnicity: The Impacts on Southeast Asian and Chinese Cuisines
Get PDFAmidst the diverse global fabric of our advancing world, small businesses and restaurants play a vital role in driving economic growth and opportunities. Specifically, the impact of Southeast Asian and Chinese restaurants on surrounding communities in ethnically contrasting regions reveal a disparity in cultural values. By exploring the ethnic variance between the Binghamton region and the Flushing region of New York City, I aim to understand how demographically differing areas carry different attitudes and experiences with ethnic cuisines. Through a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire, this study explores the various perceptions that students have on Southeast Asian and Chinese cuisines within their local area and the unique experiences of business owners. As students look towards different ethnic cuisines around campus as a source of comfort food, my research shines light on how our society can bridge this gap in ethnic cuisines to create fulfilling experiences regardless of demographic location.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1054/thumbnail.jp
Effects of Food Insecurity and Dietary Factors on Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress
Get PDFDiet affects sleep quality and stress, with increased effects on individuals experiencing food insecurity (FI). However, there is limited research pertaining to sleep quality and diet in relation to FI. An anonymous online survey was distributed using several social media platforms. FI was negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.201, p \u3c 0.01). Perceived stress was negatively associated with sleep satisfaction (r = -0.335, p \u3c 0.01) and positively associated with sleeping at a later time (r = 0.088, p \u3c 0.01). Further, sleep satisfaction (r = 0.112, p \u3c 0.01) and wakefulness (r = 0.084, p \u3c 0.01) were positively correlated with fruit consumption. The results indicate that those who are food insecure are more likely to be unsatisfied with their sleep and have greater perceived stress. It also suggests that those who eat a diet of better quality are more likely to be satisfied with their sleep.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1055/thumbnail.jp