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Amanita muscaria var. guessowii
Get PDFMycorrhizal fungi found growing near dead pine trees among other species of Amanitas mushrooms. Can be found in summer through fall months in the northeast and north midwest of North America. The color of this mushroom differentiates it from other varieties of A. muscaria. It can be golden-yellow to orange in color and measures anywhere from 4-19 cm depending on how mature the specimen is. Early on, the cap is bulbous and later becomes convex as the mushroom matures. Cream-colored warts ornament the cap of the mushroom. A cream-colored veil is present on a stem that grows upwards of 12 inches in height and up to a 1.5 inches in width. It has free, white gills that produce white spores. The species muscaria is a complex given that there are multiple variations that are found in different locations and temporal regions across the northern hemisphere (Michelot and Melendez-Howell 2003). The mushroom contains active ingredients Muscimol and Ibotenic acid, which cause psychedelic effects, and it has been used ritualistically across many cultures (Michelot and Melendez-Howell 2003). ID number: 02.01.04.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1007/thumbnail.jp
Artomyces pyxidatus
Get PDFCoralloid basidiomycete found in the Eastern United States, China, and Europe (Lickey et al. 2002). It is saprobic in nature and so it is found on decaying hardwood in small clusters. Fruiting bodies up to 10 cm wide and 15 cm high with white crown-like tips at the top that have 4-8 points. Each cluster has dozens of white branches that are compounded stemming upward. Produces white colored spores. Genetic analysis demonstrated that A. pyxidatus “could occupy a single substrate and that the mycelia could reach a measured size of 1.9 meters” (Tieken 2002). ID number: 04.02.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1013/thumbnail.jp
Mycena spp.
Get PDFID number: 23.32.02.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1060/thumbnail.jp
Lactarius camphoratus
Get PDFMycorrhizal with conifers and hardwoods; found growing alone, scattered, or gregariously. Widely distributed in eastern North America through the spring, summer, and fall. Often found on steep slopes. Cap ½ - 5 cm; convex, turning broadly convex to centrally depressed with age; smooth; moist to touch; centrally rusty brown, radially turning cinnamon to pale brown, pale pink to buff margins with age. Gills subdecurrent to decurrent; buff to pale pink, turning a darker pale cinnamon with age. 1 ½ - 5 cm long; ½ - 1 cm thick. Pale rusty brown at base; buff to pale pink, becoming paler toward apex. Milk color whitish to a watery white. Odor sweet, reminiscent of maple syrup, odor becomes stronger when specimens are dried. The extract of this species has broad prospects of natural antiseptic uses (Ling et al. 2000). Two specimens were observed exhibiting an interesting form of possible anastomosis of their caps as seen in the bottom left corner of image provided above. ID number: 28.26.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1078/thumbnail.jp
Thelephora spp.
Get PDFID number: 40.56.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1094/thumbnail.jp
Unlawful Combatants or Prisoners of War?: The Ambiguous Language of Guantánamo Bay
Get PDFIn January 2002, when the first group of detainees arrived at the United States Navy base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, the U.S. Department of State announced that the men detained at Guantánamo Bay were to be “characterized as ‘unlawful combatants’ rather than prisoners of war.” (U.S. Department of State, January 11, 2002) By describing detainees with the intentionally ambiguous term “unlawful combatants” instead of prisoners of war, they are excluded from the protections granted by the Third Geneva Convention. With this designation, the United States government established a precedent of treating Guantánamo Bay and the men detained there as existing in a space outside of federal and international law. In the following years, the terminology used to designate Guantánamo as separate from the rest of the American legal system has expanded to include ‘detainees’ instead of ‘prisoners’, and ‘temporary’ instead of ‘indefinite’. Each of these changes has significant implications for detainees’ rights to share their artwork, access medical care, and advocate for their release in court. Unlawful Combatants or Prisoners of War?: The Ambiguous Language of Guantánamo Bay begins by tracing the efforts of the Bush administration to circumvent the international laws regulating war by defining detainees as “unlawful combatants” rather than what they are: prisoners of the War on Terror. In an analysis of the language used in legal frameworks and historical records, this study will examine the impact of the “unlawful combatant” designation on detainees’ right to ownership of art made while at Guantánamo as well as the right to identification documents upon release.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1071/thumbnail.jp
Investigating Polypharmacy Levels From a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Adults
Get PDFBackground: With an increase in life expectancies and advancements in pharmaceutical therapies, polypharmacy, defined as the use of multiple (\u3e5) drugs concurrently, has become an increasingly prevalent issue among older adults (\u3e65 years) within the United States. Polypharmacy can result in medication overload, financial burden, and higher risk of adverse drug events. However, more research is needed on whether polypharmacy levels in older adults differ between urban and rural populations given the disparate barriers in these populations, e.g., access to providers, specialists, health literacy levels, etc. Objective: Use a nationally representative survey of ambulatory care visits within the United States to investigate polypharmacy levels in metropolitan and non-metropolitan older adults. Methods: Data from the 2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was used to analyze polypharmacy levels in older adult patients. Survey weight-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine predisposing, enabling, and need factors, and their association with polypharmacy visits. Results: Enabling (region and patient provider) factors and need (number of diagnoses, type of primary diagnosis, major reason for the visit, and total chronic disorders) factors were found to be significantly associated with polypharmacy visits for patients ages 65 and older. Several factors that were found to be significant in previous research at the turn of the century were not found to be associated in the current dataset. Conclusion: The current research provides evidence-based cross-sectional findings on factors associated with increased polypharmacy levels in older adults in the US.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1072/thumbnail.jp
Luiza Franco Moreira | Paiaiá na Conectados (ed.301)
No full textInterview with Carlos Sílvio, host of the podcast Paiaiá na Conectados. The conversation started with questions about the poetry, prose, and career of the Brazilian writer Cassiano Ricardo (1895-1974). It continued with a more general discussion of poetry, 20th century poetry in Brazil and the US, world literature, and the discipline of comparative literature
Beyond The Rhetoric: Asylum In The Obama And Trump Administrations
Get PDFThis paper contrasts the asylum policies in the Trump Administration to those of the Obama Administration. This research performs an intersectional analysis of rhetoric, political affiliation, direct and indirect policy initiatives, and enforcement across these administrations. This paper finds that although rhetoric can alter public opinion, it is often unrelated to the development of policy initiatives and enforcement. The same conclusion is drawn regarding the dissociation between political affiliation and detention practices. The human experience related to asylum is explored, specifically relating to policy implementation in both administrations, including family separation, the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), and the “Muslim Ban.” Migrants’ firsthand experiences, as presented in scholarly journals and periodicals, are collated to conclude that harsh detention practices that are often associated with the Trump Administration through public opinion and the media, were developed during the Obama Presidency and continually perpetuated in President Trump’s term. This paper also searches for parallels and variances between executive orders in both administrations, concluding that President Trump signed more extreme executive actions against the asylum system. To support this analysis, both Presidents’ White House press releases and social media posts are examined to conclude that the rhetoric and real policies do not consistently coincide. This research deciphers various scholarly journal articles, news sources, publications from nonprofit organizations, and think tanks from across the political spectrum. As the tides of political control have recently changed, it is vital for constituents to understand the real impacts that these most recent administrations had on the development and implementation of asylum policy in the United States. Via an intensive comparison of both administration’ asylum initiatives, this research will provide a retrospective view that can help the American populous make conclusions about the past and informed decisions about the future.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1005/thumbnail.jp
Ethnic Diversity, Integration, and their Implications
Get PDFIs rampant discrimination inevitable in societies with ethnic diversity and a steady flow of migrants, immigrants, and refugees? It is well known that a society in which ethnic minorities face discriminatory practices is likely to experience ethnic tensions. However, it is less clear whether ethnic discrimination is more likely to occur in a more heterogeneous society. The culprit to ethnic tensions may lie in countries’ methods and laws involving the integration of newcomers — such as immigrants — into their societies. Though integration is supposedly a two-person job, oftentimes the receiving country places too much responsibility on newcomers, requiring more adaptation than they are able to make; a pertinent example is the Netherlands, which requires migrants to pay for the integration exams required to receive a residence permit, and will revoke an existing permit if they do not indicate the necessary level of knowledge. This project investigates whether increased ethnic diversity predicts greater levels of ethnic discrimination, specifically in the workplace, with an additional focus on the methods that countries employ to integrate newcomers into their societies. The level of ethnic discrimination in the workplace will be determined by analyzing the U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, reports compiled for every country that analyze the shortcomings and strengths of countries’ adherence to human rights. Using the coding guidelines from the Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project, this project will assign scores to countries’ ethnic discrimination and draw comparisons with the country’s level of diversity, which is determined by a Fractionalization Index. This measure of ethnic heterogeneity assesses the probability of two randomly selected individuals in society belonging to different ethnolinguistic groups. Furthermore, this study will analyze the laws and methods of several countries’ integration processes to further understand their state of ethnic discrimination and — potentially — its cause.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1011/thumbnail.jp