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Russula spp.
Get PDFID number: 28.39.04.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1085/thumbnail.jp
Suillus granulatus
Get PDFMycorrhizal with a wide variety of pines; found growing alone or gregariously; widely distributed; summer and fall. Cap 3-7 cm; broadly convex; slimy; and buff in color. Pore surface buff, quickly turning yellowish with age; non-bruising; pores about 1 mm wide. Stem 3-4 cm long; 1 - 1 ½ cm thick; whitish turning yellowish with tiny, brown glandular dots on the upper half; brighter yellow color near the apex. Research on the extract of this species indicates possible antimicrobial and antitumor properties (Triangali et al. 1989) ID number: 32.45.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1091/thumbnail.jp
Young Adult and Canonical Literature Instruction in the High School Classroom: Assessing Students’ Reading Interest
Get PDFIn the high school English classroom, classic novels are taught as cornerstones of the curriculum. Although these canonical works such as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are revered for their literary merit, students often find them boring and skim through the readings or decline to read altogether. Young adult literature (YAL), a genre written for teens, may be an effective genre to teach in high school to boost student reading interest. This study aims to determine how teaching young adult literature in the high school classroom, as opposed to canonical works, affects students’ interest in the texts. A survey was administered to high school students studying YAL in Binghamton and Johnson City, NY. The survey asked students to describe their interest in an assigned YAL book and compare it to their interest in canonical novels that they have read in the past. Potential implications of this research include revising the English literature curriculum to accommodate student reading interest.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1008/thumbnail.jp
Second-Generation Filipina Americans: Language and Gender Roles as Influences on Identity Formation
Get PDFSince the colonization of the Philippines in 1898 by the United States, close ties have existed between the two countries. After the passing of the 1965 Immigration Act, mass numbers of Filipinos immigrated to the U.S., particularly along the East Coast, creating one of the largest Asian groups in the country. However, speculation arises when it comes to categorizing Filipinos as Asian, Latino or even Pacific Islander. The basis of identity formation relies on the intersection of multiple components such as gender, religion, hometown, parents’ background, socioeconomic status, employment and career goals, etc. Through a feminist research lens, this presentation argues that the intersections of these complex layers influence identity formation among second-generation Filipina Americans (SGFAs). Sources include interviews of college-aged SGFAs from New York and in-depth research on how close these women feel to Filipino culture, being both U.S.-born yet raised by Filipino immigrant parents. The results yielded a unique relationship between the female children of Filipino immigrants and the Philippines, reflected by their common disfluency of Tagalog and unfamiliarity with their “home country.” The estrangement these women feel toward the Philippines is highlighted by how they were raised by their parents because of their gender, along with the “Americanization” they experienced growing up in New York. Study in migration and gender is relatively new and has evolved since its commencement in the 1970s and ’80s. In order to contribute to this scholarship, this presentation amplifies the voices of Filipina Americans to shed light on their unique perspective as it highlights important differences from those of their male counterparts.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1013/thumbnail.jp
Associations Among Motives for Cannabis Use, Expectancies of Cannabis Use and Chronic Pain in a Young Adult Sample
Get PDFNationally representative data indicate that cannabis use and chronic pain are both highly prevalent in young adults aged 18-24. Preliminary research suggests that young adults use cannabis for pain relief. Additional research regarding the motives and expectancies of cannabis use in this population are needed to better understand the associations among cannabis use motives, expectancies of cannabis use and chronic pain in young adults. The purpose of this study was to extend prior work on pain, cannabis use motives and expectancies in young adult cannabis users in order to inform efforts towards prevention and intervention for both cannabis use and chronic pain. Young adults aged 18-24 were recruited for this study using an online convenience sampling platform, Amazon’s MTurk, where participants were recruited in exchange for monetary compensation. Participants completed a series of validated psychological measures regarding pain (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), cannabis use motives (Marijuana Motives Questionnaire) and expectancies for cannabis use (Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire). Multiple linear regressions were run to test associations between cannabis variables and chronic pain. Gender by pain interactions were evaluated to test for gender differences within the multiple linear regression models. After controlling for relevant sociodemographics and hazardous cannabis use, pain was uniquely associated with coping, conformity, expansion, routine and pain motives (ps ≤ 0.002). Additionally, pain was associated with expectancies for global negative effects (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that although young adults who experience pain may expect greater negative effects of cannabis use (e.g., mood swings, carelessness, short-tempered) they may also hold unique pain-related motives for their cannabis use. Researchers and clinicians should consider assessing pain in the context of cannabis use studies and interventions.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1014/thumbnail.jp
Alcohol and E-Cigarette Simultaneous Use: The Role of Motivations and Expectancies
Get PDFAlcohol and tobacco are significant public health threats, which are magnified during simultaneous use (i.e., under the effects of both substances). E-cigarettes are not a harmless alternative to combustible cigarettes, yet the prevalence of e-cigarette use among college students rose 400% between 2017-2018. Additionally, around 60% of college students consumed alcohol in the past month. Simultaneous alcohol and nicotine use can result in an increased state of pleasure, which may affect rates of usage. The purpose of this study is to assess variations in patterns of e-cigarette use, outcome expectancies, and perceived pleasure from e-cigarettes as a function of alcohol use. This project is expanding on previous research that has linked hazardous alcohol consumption with greater expectancies for the simultaneous use of alcohol and e-cigarettes. Participants (N = 552; Mage = 23.57 years; 56.5% Female) were recruited on Amazon’s MTurk and completed measures of frequency/quantity of alcohol (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and nicotine (Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index) use, expectancies for simultaneous e-cigarette/alcohol use (Nicotine and Other Substances Interaction Expectancies-Revised), and perceived pleasure and frequency of simultaneous e-cigarette alcohol/use. After controlling for age, ethnicity, college enrollment, and nicotine dependence, separate linear regression models revealed that greater alcohol consumption was associated with greater expectancies for simultaneous use of e-cigarettes/alcohol and greater pleasure from simultaneous use (all ps \u3c .015). Similarly, separate regressions revealed that as people engage in greater frequency of simultaneous use, they also report greater expectancies and greater pleasure for simultaneous use (all ps \u3c .001). Examination of squared semipartial correlations revealed that frequency of simultaneous use was more strongly related to each outcome variable than alcohol consumption alone. Findings add to a growing body of knowledge on simultaneous e-cigarette/alcohol use and have implications for interventions to reduce both behaviors.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1016/thumbnail.jp
In the Eyes of the Beholder: Rapid Body Color Change Provides Facultative Crypsis in a Lizard
Get PDFCamouflage is an important component of antipredator behaviors. In many species, rapid color change provides plasticity in camouflage as animals move through their environments. As rapid color change can also play a role in other aspects of behavior such as territory defense and courtship, an experimental approach is required to determine color change’s function. In the Anolis genus, rapid color change is a signal in social interactions, but why color changes as anoles move through different microhabitats is not well explored. Anolis aquaticus has a rapid dark-to-light color change with an unknown function. We tested the hypothesis that A. aquaticus uses color change for camouflage in an experimental field study. A. aquaticus were tethered in multiple microhabitats, and standardized images were collected of their body coloration and substrates. We examined if anole color change represented camouflage as perceived by a predator (bird) by creating vision models corrected for their retinal processing. We discuss our results with respect to antipredator strategies, and we use literature on Anolis behavior to interpret our findings in light of evolution.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1062/thumbnail.jp
Consent During the Growing Age of Virtual Sexuality
Get PDFThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 resulted in limited social and sexual interactions with potential sexual partners. Through the use of virtual methods, individuals have increasingly searched for ways to engage with others in a safe manner. However, online interactions can be fraught with miscommunication, and unsolicited behaviors may lead to dating violence and cyberbullying. Additionally, training and guidelines for obtaining consent during a sexual encounter often focus on face-to-face interactions, leaving online sexual encounters largely ignored. A survey was released to a mid-sized northeastern university in the fall of 2020. Participants (N=692) completed an online questionnaire using the Qualtrics survey software that asked open-ended questions about their attitudes and behaviors regarding consent in an online dating interaction. We focused on the question “When talking to someone virtually that you are interested in, what sexual behavior would make you feel uncomfortable,” in order to explore how students define and obtain consent in virtual encounters. Researchers analyzed the data using a thematic approach, developing codebooks to organize the data by themes. Results showed that individuals look for signs of consent in their virtual conversations and encounters with potential partners. Common unwanted experiences included: “sending nudes,” “sharing my messages without my permission,” and “pushiness.” Additionally, a number of responses discussed unsolicited messages and pictures, which illustrate individuals\u27 negative reactions to non-consensual behaviors in a virtual environment. Results from this qualitative analysis suggest that obtaining consent for sexual experiences in a virtual sphere is a complex phenomena that does not have clear scripts. Based on the study’s findings, data collected can be used to make further changes to sexual assault and prevention training on college campuses, including discussions of how to give and obtain consent in virtual interactions.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1082/thumbnail.jp
Recognizing Facial Mimicry In Virtual Group Conversations
Get PDFWith the current COVID-19 pandemic, group communication is often restricted to virtual video-conferencing platforms like Zoom in order to inhibit the spread of the virus. The virtual communication environment affects our ability to assess group emotion and support verbal messages through nonverbal communication. Because virtual meetings create visibility restrictions due to limited camera view, body language is occluded, and faces are now at the forefront of social interactions within groups. Since faces are still visible, it allows for some key components of interpersonal interactions to still occur, such as facial mimicry. Facial mimicry occurs when one person mirrors another person\u27s facial expressions. Most research on facial mimicry has been conducted on face-to-face interactions. Further studies have also shown that facial mimicry exists when an individual is reacting to a recorded video containing different expressions. However, there is limited research on facial mimicry within video-conferencing conversations. Our research aims to use facial expression recognition techniques to analyze if facial mimicry exists during group conversations over virtual platforms through facial action units and expressions. For this purpose, we used current state-of-the-art methods to recognize and analyze the activation of eye gaze, seven universal facial expressions, and seventeen commonly presented facial action units over time for each participant within various Zoom meetings that were uploaded on Youtube to measure facial mimicry. From observing the simultaneous activation of facial action units, our findings suggest that facial mimicry, specifically in reaction to smiling and positive facial expressions, does exist in video-conferencing group conversations. We plan to conduct future research to determine whether this positive facial mimicry improves group emotion and productivity.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1105/thumbnail.jp
Treating ADHD with Art Therapy
Get PDFThe struggles caused by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been treated with medication and behavioral therapy. While these approaches may work for some, the side effects of medications or difficulty expressing emotions in talk therapy leads others to alternative therapies. Art therapy is becoming an increasingly popular approach to treatment of the symptoms of ADHD such as emotional dysregulation, sensory processing issues, executive dysfunction, and inattention. Through the examination of research conducted on this form of therapy, the efficacy of such treatments can be evaluated. Preliminary findings show that through art therapy, many symptomatic behaviors are reduced. These successes can be attributed to multiple factors. The tactile pleasure of handling paints, with their distinctive textures, can help overcome sensory issues as well as promote healthy creativity. The encouragement of the art therapist to stay on task to its completion is extremely beneficial for individuals with ADHD, who often struggle with the beginning and/or fulfillment of tasks. Additionally, the production of a pleasing tangible result helps stimulate the dopamine-deficient ADHD brain, which reinforces the therapeutic experience with positive emotions. As a result of this research, some art therapists report that their work can help to effectively treat ADHD without medication. Given the objections by individuals with ADHD and their families to the medication-first approach to treatment, along with their concerns regarding the extent to which behavioural therapies encourage neurotypical normativity, art therapy may present itself as a welcome alternative.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1106/thumbnail.jp