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Photocatalytic Anti-Markovnikov Hydroetherification of Olefins
No full textThe development of olefin hydroetherification reactions via the addition of an alcohol nucleophile and hydrogen atom across an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond has remained a sought- after synthetic transformation. The formation of ethers via this methodology has traditionally required the use of transition metals and/or harsh conditions to catalyze the reaction and is challenging to make selective. However, the Nicewicz laboratory has since developed an anti- Markovnikov intramolecular hydroetherification of alkenols using photoredox catalysis. With the mechanism of this pivotal transformation—and of photoredox reactions in general—being largely unexplored mechanistically, the Hirschi lab implemented experimental 13C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the mechanism of this transformation. A key finding was the role base additives play in the rate-limiting step of the reaction. Knowledge of the mechanism has enabled mechanism-driven reaction design to improve the rate, efficiency, yield, and capabilities of this reaction
A Library Website Redesign in the Time of COVID A Chronological Case Study
No full textIn November 2019, Binghamton University Libraries initiated a website redesign project. Our goal was to create a user-centered, data-informed website with refreshed content and upgraded functionality. Originally, our redesign plan included in-person card-sorting activities, focus groups, and usability studies, but when the Libraries went remote in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we had to quickly reassess and adapt our processes and workflows. In this article, we will discuss how we completed this significant project remotely by relying on effective project management, communication, teamwork, and flexibility
Examining the Relationship between ASD Knowledge and Educator Experience in a NY State Sample
Get PDFGiven the increase in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence rates (CDC, 2021), educators are more likely than ever to serve autistic students across educational environments. The literature suggests that educator knowledge of ASD may be poor and impact effectiveness in working with students (Gómez-Mari, 2021). This study will examine knowledge about ASD in a large sample of educators from New York state (N=400) using data from an online survey. Autism knowledge was measured using the ASK-Q, a measure validated and designed to reliably identify gaps in ASD knowledge across cultures and professions (Harrison, 2017). Regression analyses will be used to examine the association between years of experience and other demographic variables (e.g., age, educator type) with educators’ ASD knowledge across specific domains—diagnosis and symptoms, etiology, treatment, and stigma. Implications are relevant to identifying demographic-specific training needs and developing resources for educators working with autistic students.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1015/thumbnail.jp
Analyzing the Awareness of the Resources Available to Protect Residents from Lead Exposure
Get PDFThere are many people at risk of lead-based paint exposure in Broome County, especially low-income families since they tend to live in older homes. This research project examines the question: how aware are residents in low-income areas of the resources available to ensure they are not at risk of exposure to lead-based paint? To answer this question data has been gathered from programs connected to the Broome County Health Department that provide resources to reduce environmental health issues in homes. I anticipate that the results will show that awareness of the resources available have increased over time with the increase of more response to the issue, however, awareness could be escalated even further by targeting low-income households directly. This study emphasizes the need to not only make resources available to people but also make people aware that they are there to help them. With this information, more effective results can come from these resources. The more people know about the resources available to prevent lead poisoning, the more low-income households can be protected from health issues.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1027/thumbnail.jp
The Health Impact of Dietary Choices on Ni-Vanuatu
Get PDFThis study sought to determine the link between market integration based dietary choices and health among residents of Vanuatu. Surveys were collected among a cross section of the populations found on multiple islands among the archipelago. The participants came from distinct communities with various levels of development. They recalled the food they ate within a 24-hour period, which the surveyors recorded along with some photos that will be used to assess average servings. These surveys informed a list of commonly consumed foods which was enriched with nutritional minutiae collected from the USDA FoodData central database. A paper published in August of 2021 included a statistical analysis to quantify life-span impact of dietary choices (Stylianou et. al). The food from Vanuatu was then applied to the formula from Stylianou et. al. The results of this analysis confirmed our original hypothesis, that locally grown, traditional foods are beneficial, while imported, Western food is harmful to overall health. We have yet to analyze the overall health impact of differing levels of market integration however. This step will involve the analysis of different island populations within the archipelago. Higher access to ultra-processed foods is linked to all-cause mortality for much of the world’s adult population. To present this decline in health within a population as it is integrated into the market economy is our task.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1029/thumbnail.jp
Land Management, Conservation, and the Adirondack Park
Get PDFNew York State’s Adirondack Park is one of the largest protected areas in the country, covering about 6 million acres of the state. Among the unique aspects of this park is the shared space of state owned and privately owned land. In the heart of the Park is the Preserve, with the written goal of keeping protected lands “forever wild.” As deforestation wrecks the planet, it’s important to conserve what pockets of forests we have left. The Park’s goal of “forever wild” seems to uphold this idea, but has this goal been accomplished in terms of preservation of forests, and how does the relationship of public/private land affect that? This study aims to analyze how state parks manage their lands in relation to conservation, and how complicated relationships with local landowners may affect these efforts. To answer this question, I have researched various documents and papers recounting the history of the park, land classifications, and the process of acquiring land through the APA, and the agency/park’s conservation efforts. From this research I have learned of a contentious history between the APA and local communities. I expect to find more information about this contention and how the relationships between residents/landowners and the parks’ higher management is today. I expect the agency to have some programs aiming for conservation and environmentalism, but further research is needed to understand how effective this has been in the area.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1037/thumbnail.jp
The Russian Government, Unreliable Scholars, and Homophobic Disinformation
Get PDFBy enshrining the framework of universalization in both recent “scholarship” and the legal code, the Russian government has hardened disinformation that will harm the queer community for many years. During the AIDS and HIV crisis, the Russian government weaponized disinformation in an attempt to “eliminate” queer people through a campaign known as Operation Denver. They refused to provide information to medical professionals, as well as fostered the spread of disinformation within fearful communities of uninformed people. Because of this disinformation that the Russian government spread to its citizens as well as medical professionals, the HIV and AIDS crisis cost millions of queer lives. In 2013, the Russian government enacted a law, deemed the “Gay Propaganda Law”, that prevents children from seeing or hearing any information about queer people. Some “scholars” and influential journalists have released disinformation stating that being queer is a choice and is something that anyone can either choose or choose not to be – subscribing to the framework of universalization. From the HIV and AIDS crisis in the 1980’s, through 2013 when the “Gay Propaganda Law” was enacted, and continuing today with “scholarly” pseudo-science that claims anyone can become gay, it is clear that Russia has remained one of the most homophobic nations in the world. However, despite the Russian government’s continued targeting of queer people, LGBTQ people still exist and live in Russia. These laws and disinformation campaigns harm real people, and it is important to acknowledge and understand this in order to prevent this from happening elsewhere.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1044/thumbnail.jp
Colonialist Disinformation in Apartheid South Africa
Get PDFThe rise to power of the White National Party in South Africa under president D.F. Malan marked the beginning of the apartheid era—an amalgamation of the racist and settler-colonialist sentiments that had long been rooted in their sociopolitical landscape. With white supremacist ideals at the core of the apartheid leaders’ efforts, the BIPOC communities of South Africa suffered abhorrent abuses of an oppressive regime characterized by socioeconomic and geographical segregation of races. Apartheid leaders, despite the highly evident corruption of their administration, made a valiant effort to justify their regime so as to maintain their power. In doing so, they employed numerous channels of disinformation campaigns to disseminate particular narratives about the apartheid, while also suppressing any forms of media on the contrary. This essay will take a methodological, critical approach within disinformation studies to gain insight into the disinformation architecture that served as the foundation for the decades-long apartheid era. I will then connect these themes to the broader theories of political communication and systemic oppression, which, in tandem with disinformation, plagued South Africa and enabled these systematic abuses to take hold so vigorously. My work aims to take a more nuanced and critical approach to the study of apartheid South Africa and disinformation in the context of historical racism, while also being marked by a fervent commitment to the fight for social justice and equity in the milieu of humanities research.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1051/thumbnail.jp
Jewish Emigration and Satire in the 1970’s Soviet Union
Get PDFThis is a case study which explains how emigration policy influenced anti-semitic and anti-Israel sentiment in the 1970s. Disinformation, being a crucial aspect of how tropes and stereotypes are spread, is defined as the intentional spread of false information for ideological gain. This influence can be measured through the reactionary nature of a politically charged group of people coupled with humor and satire, creating a vital ecosystem where false or misleading information spreads easily. In order to demonstrate this thesis, I draw on critical disinformation theory, arguing how its definitions are crucial to an understanding of why inaccurate and racist publications are made. I incorporate recent work in the emerging field of Disinformation Studies to explore the shifting historical functions of satire as an informational rather than purely entertainment based category. Misappropriation of satire, especially when a humorous intent is not clear, allows incorrect information to spread liberally across the world. When taking the microcosm of the Russian people to a broader sense, human tendencies around satire are uncovered, leading to effective disinformation campaigns. One example I address is the caricature drawn for the satirical newspaper “Krokodil.” This plays a vital role in expressing how a commentary on a political event can turn into a far greater social issue that promotes scapegoatism surrounding Jews that plan to emigrate. Additionally, the inability to trade with Palestinian clients coupled with strong American support of Israel and alleged “parasitism” of Jews in the Soviet Union led to undeniably racist publications to be supported.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1053/thumbnail.jp