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Developing Habits of Mind through Family Engineering at Home
Get PDFEngineering in early education provides the foundation for the future of innovation. With the increased contact between family members during the COVID-19 pandemic, children may have experienced changes in their learning and engineering engagement. Our research explores young students’ reflections on their process of engaging in low-stakes engineering projects in their home. The participants were 22 families, ranging from second grade to sixth grade. After they attempted to solve an engineering challenge with family members in their home, all students reconvened in recorded Zoom meetings to answer various questions about the process and product of their engineering project. We individually watched and collectively discussed 13 video recordings. The resultant behavioral data were categorized using a peer-reviewed framework that includes Learning Habits of Mind and Engineering Habits of Mind. The study also accounted for aesthetic considerations and signs of empathy, which were not specified in the original framework. Initial findings reveal “Resourcefulness,” “Adapting/Improving,” and “Systems Thinking” were the most common habits of mind. The significance of this study highlights how engaging in engineering projects in the home has the potential to develop children’s dispositions and ways of thinking common to engineers.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1067/thumbnail.jp
The Aesthetics of May Stevens’ Big Daddy Series: How an Artist’s Stylistic Choice Influences Political Symbolism
Get PDFPolitical art and aesthetics are undoubtedly intertwined. An artist\u27s stylistic choices will affect the final outcome of the artwork, and in turn how its political symbolism is perceived. May Stevens, an activist, feminist, and artist was conscious of the aesthetics of her intensely political artwork. This is especially evident in her Big Daddy series, which is anchored by a grotesque male figure that Stevens treats as a vessel representing the blasé American attitude towards culture and politics. The series was completed between 1967 to 1976 and follows major political events, including the Vietnam War. Initial inspiration, however, was found in her father’s own mindset towards culture and politics. Throughout the series, we see the development of both symbolism and stylistic choice, which presents itself in the form of changing medium, technique, and exaggerated political imagery. Despite this temporal development, the collection of paintings remains identifiable and unified. Her lesser-known painting titled Living Room (1967) also features the “Big Daddy” male figure, but it differs in symbolism and stylistic choice. Here, the male figure is uncharacteristically accompanied by a female figure and features a less stylized and more traditional impasto painting technique. My research probes the relationship between the Big Daddy series and Living Room (1967). It explores how political art is intertwined with aesthetics. My examination of May Stevens’ Living Room (1967) and its relationship to the Big Daddy series addresses the way in which the political symbolism of painting can be animated by an artist’s stylistic choices.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1072/thumbnail.jp
The Color of the West Coast
Get PDFArt can be a portal through time and space, into the mind of an artist. James Suzuki was an artist born in Japan, who moved to the United States at the age of 19, shortly after World War II. Through the study of his 1973 oil painting, West Coast, this project investigates the ways in which Suzuki’s connections to the artistic traditions and cultures of both America and Japan are displayed. This work combines the genre of Color Field painting--recognized for its use of color as the central focus of the art--with natural imagery from the Japanese tradition. Color Field painting emerged from the hyper-American Abstract Expressionist art movement that developed during the postwar period and was used as a representation of ideal American values such as freedom, individuality, and innovation. During a time when art was seen as intrinsically political, West Coast connects two opposing narratives by using imagery from his Japanese background within the aesthetics of the Color Field genre. Through Suzuki, I explore the dynamic between the nations of the United States of America and Japan insofar as they affected the lives of Japanese Americans as expressed through art. I take note of Japan’s unique position in the global context, both broadly historically and as it changed after the war. I synthesize primary accounts with sources from across disciplines into a consideration of the role of Japanese American artists, reflecting influences from Japan, a nation which is geographically distant, and from America, which is culturally distant.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1079/thumbnail.jp
Climate Change\u27s Effects on New York State\u27s Apple and Dairy Industries, and the Implications on Food Security
Get PDFThis project analyzes the following question: how will climate change affect New York State’s (NYS) ability to maintain the apple and dairy industries, and how will this affect food security and the transportation of food? To answer this question, I broke my research into three parts. I first analyzed climate assessments and weather data for NYS to find any changes in temperature or weather patterns over time. I took note of increases in temperature, precipitation, and the likelihood of extreme weather events. Then, I analyzed the effects that a changing climate could have on the apple and dairy industries of NYS. I focused on changes in quantity produced, quality, and price. Finally, I analyzed the impact that the previously mentioned changes in agriculture could have on food security. Additionally, I examined the effects climate change has on infrastructure and transportation, which would affect how efficiently food gets from place to place. I found that average temperatures, precipitation, and the likelihood of extreme weather events are increasing in NYS, adversely affecting the quantity and quality of agriculture and affecting its ability to be transported from place to place. These changes to agriculture pose a threat to the four critical aspects of food security: availability of food, ease of purchasing or obtaining food, the nutritional value of food, and the ability to stabilize the three previously mentioned aspects. This project emphasizes the need for agriculture in NYS to adapt to a changing climate in order to achieve food security.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1088/thumbnail.jp
Expectation Versus Reality: Perceived Differences in Cognitive Ability Between Men and Women
Get PDFIn Western society, there is a common belief that there are clear differences between male and female brains. In our project, we hope to gain insight into the beliefs of undergraduate students regarding this very idea. We are surveying Binghamton University students about their perceptions regarding the differences in cognitive ability between cis-gender men and women. Our survey asks students if certain skills are gendered, which gender these skills are more closely associated with, and where students learned these stereotypes. These results will be compared to the current state of knowledge about cognitive differences between the sexes. We anticipate that students will overestimate the extent of brain differences between the sexes, as our culture has conditioned us to believe. Our goal is to enlighten others about the pervasiveness of neurosexism.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1097/thumbnail.jp
Dental Health and Self-Reported Childhood Socioeconomic Status in the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection
Get PDFResearch on health disparities in modern populations has established that an individual’s socioeconomic status (SES) determines their participation in dental services, with lower SES groups exhibiting reduced engagement in such services. While this association between SES and health care is established for living populations, it is unknown whether this pattern is observable in a skeletal population. This study assesses whether this trend is evident in the dentition of 186 randomly selected donors in Bass Donated Skeletal Collection (WMB). Antemortem documents include self-reported childhood SES, which were scored on a scale of one (low income) to four (high income). Individuals were evaluated for dental work and dental pathology on a presence/absence basis. Analysis shows almost all individuals (92.6%) had dental work present, while just over half (60.6%) exhibited dental pathology. Cochran-Armitage tests indicate a significant relationship between the presence of dental pathology and SES (p \u3c 0.01); specifically, higher SES groups exhibit a higher prevalence of dental pathology. Interestingly, no statistically significant relationship is observed between dental work and SES, nor between dental work and dental pathology (p \u3e 0.01). These findings may indicate a limited relationship between SES and dental care in the WMB; alternatively, childhood SES may not reflect adult SES and therefore fails to predict engagement with dental care in this sample. This study highlights the difficulty of integrating self-reported antemortem data with skeletal evidence to infer social standing or health as biological anthropologists are often tasked to do.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1100/thumbnail.jp
The Effects of Age, Anxiety, and Family Size on Wing-Tail Flicking in American Crows
Get PDFWing tail flicking, a sharp coordinated movement of wingtips and tail, is a common, yet little understood behavior of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). It may be an expression of anxiety, a signal to other crows, or both. We recognize three levels of intensity, differentiated by height of wing tip flicks and involvement of tail, and propose that fledgling crows will wing tail flick (WTF) less because they may not recognize danger and thus will be less anxious. If also a signal, adults may wing-tail flick to alert other family members to danger. Here, we analyzed over 14.5 hours of video of nine wild crow families with between two and six members. Four experimental trials were conducted with each family: three baseline trials with food alone, and one trial with both food and a novel stimulus, included to induce anxiety. We recorded the number and intensity of wing tail flicks, the age class of the individual, and the amount of time it was in view using BorisTM software. While the behavior of individuals varied within and between families, adults tended to WTF more than fledglings and at higher rates in novel stimulus relative to baseline trials. This supports the hypothesis that adults are more responsive to danger and that learning about perceived threats may increase WTF rates with age. We also found a weak, positive relationship between WTF rate and family size that suggests that WTFs could be socially contagious, spreading through a group once one individual expresses anxiety.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1116/thumbnail.jp
Effectiveness of an Intervention Video Education Module for High School (HS) Students on Vaping and Other Nicotine Products
Get PDFBackground: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), have become an area of concern in recent years. In 2020, the CDC reported that there were 3.6 million US middle and high school (HS) students ENDS users. Our previous research developed a video education module. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of our module with HS students using the Health Belief Model. Methods: Students were recruited in a small city private HS. They completed our validated pre- and post- TABS survey via Qualtrics after viewing an educational video and live demonstration/Q&A session. The data were analyzed using SPSS v17. Results: The freshmen and sophomore participants (N= 60) had an average age of 15.7 years; 59.4% were female and 37.7% male; 69.7% White, 10.5% Asian, and 9.2% Black. While 37% reported trying vaping products, the majority believed that 51-75% of their peers vaped regularly. After the intervention there was an increase in perceived severity that vaping causes heart damage (p=0.042) and knowledge of ingredients contained in vaping products, such as acrolein (p=0.001). Additionally, there was an increase in intent to quit (p=0.035). Conclusion/Implications: Our intervention appeared to have a positive impact on the health beliefs, knowledge, and self-efficacy of high school students. This topic is important to be addressed by school and pediatric primary care nurses. Further research needs to be conducted using a reformatted survey, a larger sample, and include college students.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1134/thumbnail.jp
Education Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFIn general, students experience extreme amounts of stress and anxiety during the school year, constantly focusing on their studies and exams. The COVID-19 pandemic brought new obstacles that people, especially students, had to face as a collective. This study analyzes the now larger gap that exists between social classes and how that affects students in terms of their technology access, living situation, and guidance. While disparities between social classes have been subject to much discussion before the pandemic, the current context has made the difference between social classes even clearer. The lack of resources among lower-income students is a serious issue that needs to be addressed and changed. Through an examination of online learning vs. in-person learning, social and economic effects of the pandemic, as well as interviews and data sets, I demonstrate the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic has on education and how this effect is more severe among lower-income students.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1140/thumbnail.jp
Hydnum spp.
Get PDFID number: 17.20.02.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1040/thumbnail.jp