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Medical Instruments and Tools for Bone Cement Remove in Knee Revision Arthroplasty: A comparative Review
No full textRevision Total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) implies significant surgical difficulty and removal of cement is still considered one of the most technically-challenging elements. Retention of cement is associated with peri-prosthetic infection (PJI) which may be responsible in cases of bone wasting away and loosening of the implant. Modern methods of cement removal in rTKA are discussed with a critical approach, namely non-powered manual equipment; powered equipment such as high-speed burrs, flexible reamers, ultrasonic based equipment, endoscopy-assisted surgery, and surgical procedures such as cortical windows and bone episiotomies. The comparisons between the benefits and limitations of both of the methods are based on efficacy, bone preservation, the invasiveness of the method, and the possibility of complications. The following synthesis provides an insight that personalized intervention that considers patient anatomy, characteristics of cement and fixation of implants is vital to good results. The recent innovations in ultrasonic and endoscopic technologies present an effective way forward when it is safer and more effective in extracting cement during the future rTKA surgeries
Challenges of Interconnecting Multiple Networks: A Comparative Study Between VPN and SD-WAN Solutions and Their Impact on Performance and Security
No full textWith the arrival of technological time, connection on the Internet has become inevitable.
Many networks can be a challenging question when it comes to protests as well as security issues. Virtual private networks (VPN) have been used to provide safe channels for connection, but are surrounded by delay and scalability. On the other hand, software-defined wide area networks (SD-WAN) have been an alternative with customized routing, dynamic bandwidth distribution and underlying safety facilities. We analyze VPN and SD-WAN solutions when it comes to safety and performance in this article. Our findings indicate that although VPN is heavily encrypted, it will not avoid heavy load tests. The SD-WAN solution is still better in terms of performance and uses a new security mechanism, and that\u27s why an appropriate replacement
The Potential Impact of the H. Pylori infection on the development of Colorectal carcinoma.: Zaid Al-Mashahedi, Essam Mohammed Abdullah and Maher Ali Jasim
No full textAbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and histopathological subtypes of colorectal lesions in 40 symptomatic patients. Serological (ELISA) and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods were employed to detect H. pylori. Demographically, the cohort exhibited male predominance (77.5%) and a mean age of 50.45±17.27 years. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histopathological subtype (27.5%), followed by ulcerative colitis with adenomatous polyps (12.5%). IHC detected H. pylori in 57.5% of patients, surpassing serology (47.5%), which demonstrated low sensitivity (34.78%) and specificity (35.29%). Serum H. pylori positivity significantly correlated with adenocarcinoma (p=0.015), suggesting systemic involvement in carcinogenesis, whereas IHC showed no tissue-specific association (p=0.363), but it indicate direct involvements of the bacteria in development of CRC . These findings underscore IHC’s diagnostic superiority and propose systemic H. pylori status as a potential biomarker for adenocarcinoma risk. Larger studies are warranted to validate these observations
pdf Phenotypic Characterization of Isolation and Identification of Tinea Pedis in Athletes\u27 Foot: Alaa Khudur Boulos, Abdulameer Jasim and Omar Sadik Shalal
No full textTinea pedis, or athlete\u27s foot, is a fungal infection invading the region between the toes. Although a prevalent ailment, there might be an absence of information about its transmission, risk factors, and healthcare choices among the general public.
The research included 35 male athlete participants in Iraq. The questionnaire was delivered to athletes from sports centers and clubs, which ran from December 2023 to July 2024. Skin scrapings were microscopically analysed in a 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount. The dermatophyte test medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar were used for culture. Lactophenol cotton blue staining and other unique methods, such as biochemical testing like the urease and other tests, were used to differentiate macroscopic and microscopic results.
The current study aimed to find the Phenotypic Characterization of some dermatophytes in athletes\u27 feet.
A total of 36 cases of the athlete diagnosis reported that the KOH and SDA are 100% while when using selective media such as DTM is 80 % on the other hand using a biochemical test such as Keratinase, Nitrate, Urease, DNase are 80% while lipids and carbohydrate is 70% that reveal differentiation on the phenotypic characteristic according to different species of dermatophyte infection agents.
The conventional diagnosis method seems insufficient in the presence of aberrant morphology or pleomorphism. however, our labs must use molecular approaches to identify and provide better treatment.
pdf Evaluation of Some Cytokines in Patients Have Toxoplama Gondii Association with Hepatitis C Virus Infections
No full textFive ml of venous blood samples were collected from a group of 100 individuals diagnosed with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, along with a control group comprising 50 healthy individuals. The sample collection was conducted from Ibn Al-Balady Children & Maternity Hospital. This process spanned from May 2024 to the end of September 2024. The results showed, in the context of our study on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and its potential co-infection with Toxoplasmosis, This cohort comprised 100 patients diagnosed with HCV, including 20 who were also co-infected with Toxoplasmosis. The gender and age distribution within this group provided insightful data for our analysis, with 52 males and 48 females ranging from 5 to 65 years. Additionally, for comparative purposes, we included a control group of 50 healthy individuals, balanced in gender (25 males and 25 females) and ranging in age from 5 to 50 years. The demographic data of these participants is crucial for understanding the impact and prevalence of these infections across different segments of the population. The distribution of IL-32, IL-33, and TNF-α among the study groups is thoroughly detailed in Table 4-4 and Figure 4-3. A striking difference is observed in the levels of these cytokines between the control group and the patient group. For IL-32, the control group\u27s mean level was 3.919 with a SE of 0.226. This significantly contrasts with the patient group, which exhibited a much higher mean of 10.428 and a SE of 0.242. The difference in IL-32 levels between the two groups was highly significant, marked by a p-value less than 0.001. Similarly, IL-33 levels showed a substantial disparity. The control group had a mean of 4.775 and a SE of 0.249, whereas the patient group had a notably higher mean of 24.213 and a SE of 0.839. This difference was also highly significant, with a p-value less than 0.001. Lastly, the TNF-α levels followed a similar pattern. The mean level in the control group was 4.655 with a SE of 0.271, compared to the patient group, which had a significantly higher mean of 14.588 and a SE of 0.849. This difference, like the others, was highly significant, indicated by a p-value of less than 0.001.
pdf The Role of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Treating Female Reproductive System Cancer (REVIEW)
No full textChemotherapy and radiotherapy play vital roles in treatment some of female reproductive system cancers predominantly vaginal and cervical cancers. For cervical cancer, modalities can cause acute complications for instance genitourinary symptoms and gastrointestinal issues, alongside long-term effects comparable dyspareunia and vaginal atrophy that expressively affect sexual health. Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is related with further severe late toxicities associated to radiotherapy only. In vaginal cancer, radiotherapy is mainly used in adjuvant setting to avert local revert post-surgery usually combined with chemotherapy to augment treatment efficacy expressly in advanced cases . Nevertheless, pelvic radiotherapy can cause vaginal morbidity comprising dryness, shortening and affecting sexual function. These treatments are important for successful survival consequences and organization disease-correlated symptoms.
Objective of this study to assess complications from radiotherapy and chemotherapy in some female reproductive system cancers in addition to appreciate impacts on female reproductive health after treatment.
pdf Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns and Its Effect on Neurodevelopment: Dr. Lamyaa Kadhim Ouda
No full textHyperbilirubinemia is a common condition in newborns, typically presenting within the first week of life. While mild cases are often benign, severe hyperbilirubinemia can lead to neurodevelopmental complications due to bilirubin crossing the blood-brain barrier. Cognitive impairment, attention deficit disorders, speech and language delays, and motor dysfunction have all been linked to elevated bilirubin levels. Early identification and monitoring of infants with hyperbilirubinemia are crucial for preventing long-term neurodevelopmental consequences.
This study included 55 infants diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia and 65 healthy controls. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Developmental Screening Test, Denver II (DDST). Data collection included demographic information, birth history, total bilirubin levels, and neurodevelopmental evaluations. To ascertain the differences between the study and control groups, statistical analyses were conducted using methods such as odds ratio computations, chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Statistical significance was defined as a significance level of p<0.05.
The hyperbilirubinemia and control groups exhibited a substantial difference in terms of overall neurodevelopment (p<0.001). The hyperbilirubinemia group showed a significant delay in fine motor (p=0.046) and language development (p<0.001), however, neither the gross motor (p=0.31) nor the personal-social (p=0.26) categories showed any statistically significant differences. Additionally, infants with total bilirubin levels exceeding 23.5 mg/dL demonstrated a higher risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Socioeconomic factors such as parental education and income did not significantly influence developmental outcomes between the groups.
Hyperbilirubinemia in newborns is associated with significant neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in fine motor and language skills. While modern treatment strategies have reduced the risk of severe neurological damage, subtle cognitive and motor impairments remain a concern. Regular developmental screening should be implemented for infants with a history of severe hyperbilirubinemia to facilitate early detection and timely intervention
pdf Acromegaly and Osteoporosis: A Review of the Paradox of Increased Bone Turnover and Fragility – Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management: Dr. Isam Noori Salman, Omar Yasir Shakir, Safaa Ehssan Atta and Baydaa Ahmed Abed
No full textA rare endocrine condition called acromegaly is brought on by an overabundance of growth hormone (GH) and like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), usually due to pituitary adenoma. Even though bone density is elevated, increased IGF-1 levels in acromegaly patients (AC-PTs) can lead to musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and structurally weak bone. Nevertheless, GH in acromegaly is necessary for maintaining bone health. The excessive secretion of these hormones in AC-PTs may lead to bone turnover and osteoporosis. Despite Acromegaly\u27s higher bone turnover, the condition is paradoxically linked to compromised bone microarchitecture and increased fracture risks, frequently unrelated to bone mineral density (BMD) levels. BMD testing bone health in AC-PTs might fail to determine remodeling dynamics and bone quality. The effects of osteoporosis in AC-Pts result from impaired osteoblast function, osteoclast activity, and disrupted bone remodeling, which leads to bone fragility, weakened bone, and elevated risks of fractures. An overall monitoring of bone turnover, bone microarchitecture, clinical assessment, and advanced imaging are important for determining bone health. In contrast, calcium and vitamin D3 supplements are necessary to support bones in acromegaly. The pathophysiological processes, diagnostic difficulties, and treatment approaches for osteoporosis in acromegaly are examined in this article.
pdf Study The Relatedness of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Stress: Dr. Reem M. Obaid, Majeed Hameed Nawar and Taher T.A.
No full textA common gastrointestinal condition that many adults suffer from is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This condition arises when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions, causing stomach contents to reflux up into the oesophagus. This allows the return of gastric contents to the oral cavity, but not air. A prevalent condition that can significantly disrupt a person\u27s quality of life, GERD affects people of all ages. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that acts as a valve between the oesophagus and stomach, may malfunction, leading to this condition. Pregnancy, obesity, smoking, and several medications represent risk factors for GERD. Treatment for GERD involves medication to lower stomach acid production and lifestyle modifications such avoiding trigger foods. In extreme situations, surgery can be necessary.
The objective is to analyze the relationship between gastroesophageal Esophageal Reflux Disease and stress.
pdf Clinical Study of Dermatophytosis Among a Sample of Patients Attending to Imamein Kadhimein Medical City: Dr. Atta Ah Mousa Al Sarray, Qahtan Adnan Rasheed and Salah Walid Kurwey
No full textDermatophytosis or ringworm is a cutaneous diseases caused by dermatophytes which have ability infect keratein enrichment parts of body, such as the skin, hair, and nails. Globally, dermatophytosis is considered one of the most common skin diseases in the world. The clinical manifestations range from a scaling annular patch to severe inflammation and hair, nail loss.
The aim of this study is to determine different clinical characteristics of dermatophytosis infection patients and associated with studied variables.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Imamein Kadhimein Medical City in Baghdad, encompassing 350 patients diagnosed with dermatophytosis at the dermatology clinic. The data collection is done by a standardized questionnaire designed to ensure sociodemographic factors, medical history, clinical manifestations of the disease, and treatment details.
The results showed that Tinea corporis was most common in females (55.6%), especially among those aged 30–39, while males showed more affected with tinea cruris (82.5%) and tinea capitis (60%). The most Body affected area included the trunk (20.6%) and groin (18.2%), with fingers being least affected (1.4%). Acute infections accounted for 76.3%, with summer had the highest rate of infection (56.6%). The majority of patients had 2–3 lesions (58.3%), and 36.6% experienced symptoms lasting 1–3 months