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Anomaly Detection in IoT Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques
No full textThe rapid growth of IoT introduces significant security challenges, necessitating effective anomaly detection techniques. This paper implements a Random Forest Classifier for detecting and classifying anomalies in IoT network traffic using the RT_IOT2022 dataset. The model achieves 99.8% accuracy with high precision, recall, and F1-scores across multiple attack types (e.g., MQTT_Publish, DDoS). Detailed evaluation confirms the classifier\u27s effectiveness in distinguishing diverse attacks, demonstrating the viability of machine learning for enhancing IoT security. This work contributes to developing resilient IoT systems, though future research should address class imbalance and comparative performance with other model
Smart Grid-Based Integration of Renewable Energy: Toward a Flexible Power System in Iraq
No full textThis research explores the complex challenges and emerging opportunities associated with integrating renewable energy sources into conventional electricity grids. As nations intensify efforts to reduce carbon emissions and embrace sustainability, the role of renewable sources—particularly solar and wind—has become more critical than ever. However, these sources introduce significant variability and uncertainty into the grid, necessitating new approaches in system design, operation, and regulation. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of technical, economic, and institutional barriers to integration, including limitations in grid flexibility, inadequate storage infrastructure, fragmented sectoral coordination, and market structures that fail to incentivize innovation.
To address these issues, the paper investigates advanced technological solutions such as smart grids, battery storage systems, predictive control algorithms, and sector coupling strategies. These innovations are evaluated not only for their technical potential but also for their applicability in real-world contexts—particularly in developing countries. Iraq is presented as a national case study, where infrastructure constraints and regulatory gaps coexist with enormous solar energy potential. The research proposes policy reforms, pilot projects, and capacity-building initiatives as pathways toward a more resilient and diversified energy future. Ultimately, the findings emphasize that achieving a successful energy transition requires a holistic framework that aligns technological advancement with regulatory flexibility and public engagement
Rule-Based Spelling Correction for Clinical Texts in Gynecology Using Domain-Specific Terminology
No full textSpelling errors or domain-specific expressions are common in clinical texts, especially in gynecology, which impairs the performance of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools applied in medical use cases. In this study, we customized it to correct spelling errors based on typical gynecological medical texts used therein. The module relies on a rule-based methodology, using a structured dataset that includes gynecological symptoms, diagnostic tests, chronic diseases, and medications, along with additional words and characters that express the patient\u27s condition.
The system relies not only on general spelling rules but also on medical expressions and keywords to improve correction performance. It used sample sentences generated with intentional misspellings, mimicking the type of input expected from physicians. The system proved effective at finding misspelled clinical terms and words from its internal dataset. However, it did not modify any terms that were missing or irrelevant to the dataset, except in a few cases where they were very close to known terms.
These results confirm that combining rule-based methods with medical domain knowledge improves correction accuracy and prepares clinical text for reliable NLP analysis
Review of Mechanical Behavior, Biomaterial and Osseointegration of Lower Limb Implant
No full textOsseointegration prostheses are a short titanium rod or screw is surgically inserted into the bone of the amputee\u27s remaining limb as a part of the osseointegration process. As the bone matures and integrates with the implant over time, a solid and reliable connection is made. The prosthetic limb is then joined to the implant, creating a stable and long-lasting connection. Biomaterials play a critical role in the design of prosthetic limbs, especially for lower limb amputees. Materials like titanium, ceramics, and polymers are widely used due to their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Titanium, for instance, is favored in bone-anchored prostheses because it provides greater stability and comfort compared to traditional socket-based prosthetics. Although ceramics are relatively brittle, they are used in low-stress areas of the body due to their ability to promote bone growth. Technological advancements such as 3D printing and surface modifications have enhanced the performance of prosthetic limbs, increasing adaptability and improving patients\u27 quality of life. Simulation software is also used to investigate mechanical stresses and are expecting the long-term overall performance of prosthetic implants before real-life trials. Despite large progress on this field, similarly research is needed to enhance the capability of prosthetic limbs and produce them towards natural limb motion. The paper aims to update current knowledge on lower limb prosthetic implant design, materials, and integration processes, highlighting technological advancements and areas requiring further investigation for improved patient outcomes
Influence of Fine Materials on the Mechanical Behaviour of Treated Gypseous Soils under Unconfined Compression
No full textGypsum soils in Iraq suffer from collapse problems and poor stability when exposed to moisture, leading to subsidence and cracking of structures over time. This challenge is one of the most prominent geotechnical problems facing infrastructure projects in areas where these soils are common. The objective of this effort is to study the unconfined compression strength of gypseous soil by using three distinct stabilizer materials (fly ash = 8%, silica fume = 4%, and nano-silica fume = 2%), as well as fine particles of 10, 20, 30, and 40%. This investigation employed a soil sample that contained 53% gypsum. This sample was taken between 0.5 and 1 meters below the surface of the natural ground and was donated by Tikrit University. To evaluate the strength characteristics of the studied soils, the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test was conducted on both natural gypseous soil samples and those treated with different additives. The main results show that dual treatment of additive materials and fine particles provides an effective solution to improve the compressive strength of gypseous soil, with an optimum fine particles ratio achieving maximum strength. Nano-silica fume-treated gypseous soil with 10% of fine particles achieved approximately 93% unconfined enhancement ratio, while silica fume and fly ash-treated gypseous soil with 20% of fine particles achieved approximately 82 and 73% unconfined enhancement ratio respectively
Determining Key Sustainability Indicators for Iraqi Hospitals
No full textHospitals are vital facilities that play a fundamental role in protecting human health and promoting community well-being, as they contribute to improving the quality of life and delivering healthcare services at multiple levels. However, due to their high consumption of energy, water, and materials, in addition to the emissions and waste they generate, achieving hospital sustainability has become essential to ensure operational efficiency and reduce environmental, social, and economic impacts. This study aims to determine the key sustainability indicators for Iraqi hospitals, considering their critical role in supporting public health and sustainable development. Based on an extensive review of previous studies, 78 indicators were identified and classified under the environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Their significance was evaluated through a structured questionnaire distributed to engineers and specialists involved in the design and management of sustainable hospitals. A total of 102 valid responses were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-V26). The Relative Importance Index (RII) was applied to assess the relative significance of each indicator, while the Pareto principle was used to select the most influential ones. The results revealed 16 key sustainability indicators that represent the main priorities for enhancing the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of Iraqi hospitals. These findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers, designers, and healthcare managers seeking to improve hospital sustainability performance within the Iraqi context
Active Vibration Suppression of the Power Take-Off (PTO) Shaft in Attached Agricultural Implements Using Piezoelectric Actuators and Robust Control Systems
No full textSevere mechanical vibrations in the Power Take-Off (PTO) shafts of agricultural implements represent a significant engineering challenge, leading to reduced operational lifespan, increased maintenance costs, and degraded performance accuracy, this research addresses this problem by designing and developing an Active Vibration Control (AVC) system, the proposed solution is based on the systematic integration of piezoelectric actuators, known for their rapid response and wide bandwidth, with an H-infinity (H∞) robust control strategy, which is capable of guaranteeing performance and stability even in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances, a dynamic mathematical model of the shaft was developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM), and all stages of controller design and simulation were executed within the open-source Python environment, leveraging its specialized scientific libraries.
Comprehensive numerical simulation results demonstrated that the proposed closed-loop system is capable of achieving a significant reduction in vibration amplitude across a wide range of operating conditions compared to the open-loop system, also robustness tests proved the controller\u27s ability to maintain its high performance under variations in system parameters, thereby demonstrating the viability and effectiveness of the proposed approach as an advanced and reliable solution for the problem of vibrations in agricultural mechanization
pdf Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Detection of Norovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis
No full text Norovirus GII is the most commonly identified cause of the outbreaks and the sporadic cases of acute pediatric gastroenteritis, and children\u27s hospitalization is often required. It institutes a significant health problem because of its highly contagious nature and high rate of morbidity. This work describes the development of reverse transcription real-time TaqMan PCR assays for Norovirus GII identification as an etiological agent for acute pediatric gastroenteritis in children less than five years from stool specimens. The result of the RT-PCR assay revealed that Norovirus GII was present in 4(8%) out of 50(100%) feal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis in this study. while detection of Norovirus was 2% in case-control. Severe clinical symptoms associated with Norovirus infection compared with non-viral infection. This research established that the reverse transcription real-time PCR is among the greatest sensitive approaches for Norovirus detection based on the amplification of the DNA from Norovirus RNA, and the highlights needed for Norovirus laboratory investigations
pdf The Study of lytA Genotyping and estimation of IL17A and TGF-β in Streptococcus pneumoniae patients
No full textStreptococcus pneumoniae is regarded as a main cause of CAP among other pathogens. In the current study, (60) patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae were included, from whom blood samples were collected. The patients attended to Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from 1st October 2023 to 20th April 2024. Blood sample also obtained from (60) apparently healthy individuals as controls. The results showed that the prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia infection was higher among the age groups (25-34) and (45-54) as compared to other age groups. Also, the distribution of streptococcus pneumonia infection was higher among males 31(62.0%) than females 19(38.0%) with no significant variation. The prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia infection according to residency was equal between rural and urban patients. A highly significant variation (P<0.01) was found between the mean Strept. IgM (2.1164±1.27) in the patient group and the healthy controls (0.05±0.04), and between the (Mean±Sd) of Strept. IgG (1.72±0.75) in the patients and the healthy controls (0.04±0.02). Also, the (Mean±Sd) IL17A was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the patient group (96.41±26.11) than the control group (19.68±6.52), and the (Mean±Sd) TGF was significantly higher (p<0.01) higher in the patient group (101.74±32.88) than the control group (23.59±10.86). There was a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean IL-17A and Anti Strept. IgM antibodies (25.423). There was a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean value IL-17A and Anti Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibodies (25.684), and a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean value TGF and Anti Strept. IgM antibodies (2.104). Also there was a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean value TGF and Anti Strept IgG antibodies (21.298), and a highly significant difference (p<0.01) between mean value of TGF and IL-17A (21.592). Results of amplification of specific region of lytA gene of Streptococcus pneumonia. The 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis was used for fractionation of species of human samples and stained by ethidium bromide M: 100bp ladder markers. Lane 1-15 and 1-15 resembled 1023bp PCR product
pdf Evaluation of Dental Students Knowledge in Dijlah University about the Chemical Components of Saliva
No full text This cross-section study was conducted in dental hospital at dijlah university college during period extended for three months (1jun – 1april 2023) where 250 dental students from second stage (122) and fifth stage (128) students were asked to answer pretested questioner designed by the researcher to measure the level of knowledge of dental students about chemical composition of saliva. The questioner includes two parts, the first part asked about gender, age, and stage of study. The second part includes twenty questions asked about chemical composition of saliva. The results indicated that older students had significantly better knowledge than younger students (p = 0.007). Specifically, 66.7% of students aged 22 and older had good knowledge, compared to only 33.3% of younger students. Male students had significantly better knowledge than female students (p = 0.01), with 69.4% of male students having good knowledge compared to only 30.6% of female students. Additionally, fifth-year students had significantly better knowledge than second-year students (p = 0.001), with 66.7% of fifth-year students having good knowledge compared to only 33.3% of second-year students. The findings of the present study suggest that age, gender, and academic experience are significant predictors of knowledge acquisition among students. Therefore, educational institutions should consider these factors while designing academic programs and activities to ensure that all students receive equal opportunities to acquire knowledge