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Epicurus’ Health
Full text linkIn the present study, the case of chronic illness of the Athenian philosopher Epicurus (341–270) is re-examined in the light of the historical events in Athens during the Successor era. A new symptom is added to the already established diagnosis of Galanakis & Bitsori, which results from a combination of the slanderous references of Timocrates found in the text of Diogenes Laertius and DeWitt’s interpretation of the phrase αὐτὸς τρικύλιστος which is also preserved by D.L. It is claimed that the disease from which Epicurus suffered was chronic and mild form of gout, which can be justified by historical reality.In the present study, the case of chronic illness of the Athenian philosopher Epicurus (341–270) is re-examined in the light of the historical events in Athens during the Successor era. A new symptom is added to the already established diagnosis of Galanakis & Bitsori, which results from a combination of the slanderous references of Timocrates found in the text of Diogenes Laertius and DeWitt’s interpretation of the phrase αὐτὸς τρικύλιστος which is also preserved by D.L. It is claimed that the disease from which Epicurus suffered was chronic and mild form of gout, which can be justified by historical reality
Autonomy, Aesthetics, Authority: Concepts and Aporias of Enlightenment in Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault
Full text linkThe article delineates Immanuel Kant’s concept of Enlightenment as developed in his essay, “Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?,” and its critical reception from the late Michel Foucault. The first part focuses on Kant’s understanding of Enlightenment as a process. It unearths a latent tension between the two main elements of this process: the universal, i.e. superhistorical, rational faculties of all rational beings, and the particular, i.e. historical conditions for the development of these faculties. These conditions are summarized in the emergence of public sphere in 18th century Prussia and/or in the so-called ‘Western World’. The tension arises from Kant’s effort to connect in a quasi-necessary way the superhistorical element and the historical element of the Enlightenment process. The second part of the article exhibits the reasons, why Kant’s article assumes such a prominent role in the writings of the late Michel Foucault. It depicts the way that Foucault makes use of the aforementioned tension in Kant’s essay in order to replace the canonical Kantian concept of critique with Kant’s concept of Enlightenment as critique. The third and final part of the article offers a diagnosis of the contemporary sociopolitical state-of-affairs. It argues that Kant’s concept of Enlightenment as such and Foucault’s modification thereof summarize the reasons that lead to the contemporary crisis of authority vis-à-vis politics, religion and state institutions. From this diagnosis arises the need for a new conceptualization of the relation between modern individual freedom and authority. Elements of this new relation, the article concludes, can be found in the work of the mid 20th-century, unjustly underappreciated German philosopher Gerhard Krüger.The article delineates Immanuel Kant’s concept of Enlightenment as developed in his essay, “Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?,” and its critical reception from the late Michel Foucault. The first part focuses on Kant’s understanding of Enlightenment as a process. It unearths a latent tension between the two main elements of this process: the universal, i.e. superhistorical, rational faculties of all rational beings, and the particular, i.e. historical conditions for the development of these faculties. These conditions are summarized in the emergence of public sphere in 18th century Prussia and/or in the so-called ‘Western World’. The tension arises from Kant’s effort to connect in a quasi-necessary way the superhistorical element and the historical element of the Enlightenment process. The second part of the article exhibits the reasons, why Kant’s article assumes such a prominent role in the writings of the late Michel Foucault. It depicts the way that Foucault makes use of the aforementioned tension in Kant’s essay in order to replace the canonical Kantian concept of critique with Kant’s concept of Enlightenment as critique. The third and final part of the article offers a diagnosis of the contemporary sociopolitical state-of-affairs. It argues that Kant’s concept of Enlightenment as such and Foucault’s modification thereof summarize the reasons that lead to the contemporary crisis of authority vis-à-vis politics, religion and state institutions. From this diagnosis arises the need for a new conceptualization of the relation between modern individual freedom and authority. Elements of this new relation, the article concludes, can be found in the work of the mid 20th-century, unjustly underappreciated German philosopher Gerhard Krüger
The Dialectic of Imagelessness in Late Adorno
Full text linkAdorno’s oeuvre has been characterized by the epistemological emphasis it places on the concept of negation, going so far as to suggest a “negative dialectic” as the only means for philosophy to survive in an era of near total domination. This leads, inextricably, to a notion of imagelessness being central in this effort: Every attempt to construct a systemic approach leading to a positive ethical or political imperative would surrender itself to the same deficiencies that plagued the philosophical tradition of Enlightenment, and resulted in its betrayal of its own liberating potential, leading to the perpetuation of exploitation and domination, which took the extreme form of fascism in the first half of the twentieth century. In this article I attempt to reconstruct Adorno’s argument for a negative dialectic and examine the notion of imagelessness it entails. Then I endeavor to explore the consequences that such a theoretical stand has for his social and political philosophy and argue for a further examination of this thesis in his posthumous Aesthetic Theory.Adorno’s oeuvre has been characterized by the epistemological emphasis it places on the concept of negation, going so far as to suggest a “negative dialectic” as the only means for philosophy to survive in an era of near total domination. This leads, inextricably, to a notion of imagelessness being central in this effort: Every attempt to construct a systemic approach leading to a positive ethical or political imperative would surrender itself to the same deficiencies that plagued the philosophical tradition of Enlightenment, and resulted in its betrayal of its own liberating potential, leading to the perpetuation of exploitation and domination, which took the extreme form of fascism in the first half of the twentieth century. In this article I attempt to reconstruct Adorno’s argument for a negative dialectic and examine the notion of imagelessness it entails. Then I endeavor to explore the consequences that such a theoretical stand has for his social and political philosophy and argue for a further examination of this thesis in his posthumous Aesthetic Theory
The Postmodern Fiction of Criminal Violence in Postmodern Society. The Case of the Novel, Isla Boa
Full text linkPostmodern society is characterized by a form of economic transformation the main goal of which is the acquisition of money. In the context of financial competition, the relaxation of moral values and the development of delinquency, corruption and criminal violence become prominent. This article deals with the theme of crime and violence as represented in the postmodern novel by Christos Asteriou, Ίσλα Μπόα (Isla Boa). The novel reflects key features of postmodernity, for example the characteristic operation of funds, money and media, a world that does not hesitate even in the face of crime when it comes to the satisfaction of financial interests. The aim of this article is, on a first level, to show the drama of the postmodern crime but also highlight the fact that in the postmodern novel Ίσλα Μπόα crime is treated superficially and without reference to motives or purposes. On a second level, the text’s aim is to emphasize the role of the narrative techniques of postmodernism, self-reflexivity, narcissism and parody. The first two highlight the postmodern narrative which reveals the structure of the text. The parody leads the reader to question the one and only truth and interpretation of the text. It reminds him/her to consider the multiplicity and variety of viewpoints and become an active and thoughtful reader.Postmodern society is characterized by a form of economic transformation the main goal of which is the acquisition of money. In the context of financial competition, the relaxation of moral values and the development of delinquency, corruption and criminal violence become prominent. This article deals with the theme of crime and violence as represented in the postmodern novel by Christos Asteriou, Ίσλα Μπόα (Isla Boa). The novel reflects key features of postmodernity, for example the characteristic operation of funds, money and media, a world that does not hesitate even in the face of crime when it comes to the satisfaction of financial interests. The aim of this article is, on a first level, to show the drama of the postmodern crime but also highlight the fact that in the postmodern novel Ίσλα Μπόα crime is treated superficially and without reference to motives or purposes. On a second level, the text’s aim is to emphasize the role of the narrative techniques of postmodernism, self-reflexivity, narcissism and parody. The first two highlight the postmodern narrative which reveals the structure of the text. The parody leads the reader to question the one and only truth and interpretation of the text. It reminds him/her to consider the multiplicity and variety of viewpoints and become an active and thoughtful reader
Euro 2024: Sport values and football idols in the society of the spectacle
No full textFootball was created within British public schools in the mid-19th century. It was a leisure sport for the middle classes’ boys. From the beginning of the 20th century, as its audience grew and national championships followed one after the other, football became a popular game, a symbol of the working classes. The culmination of all this was the organization of football matches on a continental and global scale. A few years after the First World War and after the success of the first Olympic Games, the first World Cup was organized in Uruguay in 1930. In the same spirit, the Nations Cups by continent were organized after World War II.
In the era of supranational aggregations, the World Cup and the Euro have emerged as a powerful means of glorifying nations, sometimes nationalism and in some cases authoritarian regimes and ideologies. However, all this goes against the admitted fundamental values of sport that refer to the peaceful coexistence of people, solidarity and the promotion of humanitarian values. The aim of this text is to analyze some aspects of the last Euro in German stadiums in 2024 in the light of this hiatus.Football was created within British public schools in the mid-19th century. It was a leisure sport for the middle classes’ boys. From the beginning of the 20th century, as its audience grew and national championships followed one after the other, football became a popular game, a symbol of the working classes. The culmination of all this was the organization of football matches on a continental and global scale. A few years after the First World War and after the success of the first Olympic Games, the first World Cup was organized in Uruguay in 1930. In the same spirit, the Nations Cups by continent were organized after World War II.
In the era of supranational aggregations, the World Cup and the Euro have emerged as a powerful means of glorifying nations, sometimes nationalism and in some cases authoritarian regimes and ideologies. However, all this goes against the admitted fundamental values of sport that refer to the peaceful coexistence of people, solidarity and the promotion of humanitarian values. The aim of this text is to analyze some aspects of the last Euro in German stadiums in 2024 in the light of this hiatus
Challenges and strategies for classroom management: Views of Primary Education Teachers
No full textΗ διαχείριση της τάξης αποτελεί κρίσιμη παράμετρο για τη διαμόρφωση ενός μαθησιακού περιβάλλοντος που ενισχύει την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία και προάγει την ανάπτυξη των μαθητών/τριών. Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει τις απόψεις 14 εκπαιδευτικών Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης σχετικά με τις προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζουν στη διαχείριση της τάξης και τις στρατηγικές που εφαρμόζουν για την αντιμετώπισή τους. Τα ευρήματα που προέκυψαν από τη θεματική ανάλυση ημι-δομημένων συνεντεύξεων αναδεικνύουν ως κυριότερες προκλήσεις τη διαχείριση συμπεριφοράς, την ενίσχυση ομαδικού πνεύματος και την προσαρμογή στις ανάγκες των μαθητών/τριών. Για την αντιμετώπισή τους οι εκπαιδευτικοί χρησιμοποιούν στρατηγικές όπως διαφοροποιημένη διδασκαλία, συστήματα ανταμοιβής, διαδραστικές δραστηριότητες και ενίσχυση κοινωνικοσυναισθηματικών δεξιοτήτων, δίνοντας έμφαση στη συνεργασία με τους γονείς. Τα ευρήματα της μελέτης εμπλουτίζουν τη συζήτηση σχετικά με τη διαχείριση της τάξης, παρέχοντας επιπλέον ενδείξεις για τη βελτιστοποίηση της εκπαιδευτικής πρακτικής στα ελληνικά δημοτικά σχολεία, προτείνοντας συγκεκριμένες πρακτικές που μπορούν να ενισχύσουν το έργο των εκπαιδευτικών.Classroom management is a critical parameter in shaping a learning environment that enhances the educational process and promotes the development of students. This study examines the views of 14 primary school teachers on the challenges they face in classroom management and the strategies they use to address them. Findings from the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews highlight the main challenges, such as behaviour management, fostering team spirit, and adapting to the needs of students. To deal with them, teachers use strategies such as individualized instruction, reward systems, interactive activities and reinforcement of social-emotional skills, with an emphasis on collaboration with parents. The findings of the study enrich the debate on classroom management, providing further evidence for optimizing educational practice in Greek primary schools suggesting specific practices that can enhance teachers\u27 work