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Relationships and Dynamic Feedback Effects between Financial Market Risks and Macroeconomic Stability Variables in Jordan
Full text linkالأهداف: تبحث هذه الدراسة في العلاقة المعقدة بين مخاطر السوق المالية وثلاثة مؤشرات لاستقرار الاقتصاد الكلي هي: معدل البطالة، والتضخم الرئيسي، وتضخم التعادل باستخدام البيانات الثانوية من يناير 2022 إلى ديسمبر 2023.
المنهجية: باستخدام الانحدار الذاتي المقارب للمتجه (VAR) المُحسّن بواسطة معيار معلومات شوارتز (SIC) وعملية تبديل ماركوف ذات الاحتمالية القصوى، تبحث هذه الدراسة في التفاعلات الديناميكية وتأثيرات التغذية المرتدة بين متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي فيما يتعلق بتحولات السجل في المالية مخاطر السوق.
النتائج: تكشف النتائج عن أنماط مختلفة في تأثير مخاطر السوق المالية على البطالة والتضخم، حيث تُظهر النتائج تأثيرًا كبيرًا وإيجابيًا لمخاطر السوق المالية على البطالة، تشير نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود تأثيرات غير متجانسة لمخاطر السوق المالية على التضخم، ووجود علاقة بين مخاطر السوق المالية ومؤشرات استقرار الاقتصاد الكلي، وكذلك وجود علاقة بين الهجرة القسرية وانخفاض التضخم، وتشير هذه الاتجاهات إلى وجود ديناميكية بين تصور السوق للمخاطر والتطور المتوقع للتضخم. وتعني العلاقة بين معدل الهجرة القسرية ومعدلات التضخم التي تصل إلى نقطة التعادل ضمناً وجود ترابط بين تصور السوق للمخاطر وتوقعات التضخم على المدى الطويل.
الخلاصة: خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أنّ المخاوف بشأن تباطؤ الاقتصاد (ارتفاع معدلات البطالة) وانخفاض التضخم (التضخم الضمني في السوق) هي العوامل الرئيسية التي تؤدي إلى تفاقم مخاطر السوق.Objectives: This study examines the complex relationship between financial market risk (Financial Market Risk and three indicators of macroeconomic stability—the unemployment rate, headline inflation, and breakeven inflation using data ranging from January 2023 to December 2022.
Methods: Using an asymptotic vector autoregression (VAR) optimised by the Schwartz information criterion (SIC) and a Maximum likelihood two-state Markov switching process, this study investigates the dynamic interactions and feedback effects between these macroeconomic variables in relation to log shifts in Financial Market Risk.
Results: The results reveal different patterns in the impact of financial market risks on unemployment and inflation, as the results show a large and positive impact of financial market risks on unemployment. The results of the study indicate the presence of heterogeneous effects of financial market risks on inflation and the existence of a relationship between financial market risks and indicators of macroeconomic stability. There is also a relationship between forced migration and low inflation, and these trends indicate the existence of a dynamic between the market’s perception of risks and the expected development of inflation. The relationship between the rate of forced migration and break-even inflation rates implies a correlation between the market's perception of risk and long-term inflation expectations.
Conclusions: This study concludes that concerns about a slowing economy (higher unemployment) and falling inflation (market-implied inflation) are the main factors worsening market risk
Factors Affecting the Return to Education in Jordan
Full text linkالمنهجية: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم أثر المستوى التعليمي كمتغير رئيسي مستقل، بالإضافة الى اثرالجنس وسنوات الخبرة ومكان العمل والتخصص الجامعي كمتغيرات ضابطة على دخل العاملين الأردنيين كمتغير تابع. تم اختيار عينة مكونة من 190 عاملاً أردنيًا من مجتمع البحث لجميع العمال الأردنيين من خلال استبانة وزعت عبر الإنترنت بطريقة عشوائيًا. نظرًا لأن العديد من المتغيرات المستقلة هي ذات طبيعة نوعية. تم استخدام طريقة المربعات الصغرى الاعتيادية (OLS) مع المتغيرات المستقلة الوهمية لتقدير معلمات النموذج
النتائج: وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك علاقة إيجابية بين الاستثمار في التعليم وأجور الأفراد. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تشير النتائج إلى أن الجنس له تأثير على الأجور. علاوة على ذلك، أظهرت النتائج أن سنوات الخبرة لها تأثير إيجابي وكبير على الأجور، في حين أن التدريب قد يؤثر على الأجور بشكل إيجابي.
الخلاصة: وفي ضوء النتائج، نوصي صانعي السياسات بتشجيع الأردنيين على الاستثمار بشكل أكبر في التعليم وخاصة التعليم العالي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يجب على صانع السياسات التركيز بشكل أكبر على الحد من البطالة وتشبع سوق العمل، وإنشاء برامج خاصة لتدريب وتأهيل العاطلين عن العمل لتزويدهم بالمهارات المناسبة لسوق العمل المحلي والخارجي، فضلاً عن تكثيف الجهود الحكومية لإيجاد فرص عمل جديدة. فرص خارج البلاد من خلال توقيع اتفاقيات مع دول أخرى لتسهيل توظيف الأردنيين في تلك الدول.Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of investment in education on the return to education in Jordan.
Methods: This study aimed to assess the effect of the type of education, level of education, and number of years of education as the primary independent variables, in addition to gender, years of experience, and training as control variables, on the earnings of Jordanian workers as the dependent variable. A sample of 190 Jordanian workers was analyzed through an online questionnaire. Since many of the independent variables are qualitative in nature, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method with dummy independent variables was used to estimate the model parameters.
Results: The results of the study show a positive relationship between investment in education and individual wages. In addition, the findings indicate that gender has an impact on wages. Moreover, the results demonstrate that years of experience positively affect wages. However, the impact of training on wages may also be positive.
Conclusions: In light of the results, we recommend that policymakers encourage Jordanians to invest more in education, particularly in higher education. Additionally, policymakers should focus on reducing unemployment and job market saturation by creating special programs to train and rehabilitate unemployed individuals, equipping them with skills relevant to both the local and external labor markets. Government efforts should also be intensified to find new job opportunities abroad by signing agreements with other countries to facilitate the employment of Jordanians in those countries
Burnout among Physicians and Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Public Hospitals in Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study
Full text link هدف الدراسة:
تتزايد معدلات الإرهاق بين الأطباء والممرضين على مستوى العالم. ومع ذلك، لم يتم دراسة الإرهاق بين مقدمي الرعاية الصحية في الأردن بشكل كافٍ. وبالتالي، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مدى انتشار الاحتراق النفسي بين أطباء وممرضي أقسام الطوارئ في مستشفيات القطاع العام في عمان – الأردن.
منهج البحث
دراسة مقطعية استخدمت استبيان الإبلاغ الذاتي لقياس الإرهاق بناء على اداة القياس كوبنهاجن (CBI) لجمع البيانات من عينة ملائمة مكونة من 85 طبيبًا و155 ممرضًا من اقسام الطوارئ في 3 مستشفيات عامة في عمان. تم إجراء التحليلات الوصفية والمتعددة المتغيرات باستخدام SPSS 24.
النتائج
أظهرت هذه الدراسة أن 58.7% من أطباء وممرضي اقسام الطوارئ لديهم درجة عالية من الإرهاقنتيجة للضغوطات الشخصية والمتعلقة بالعمل والمرضى. وكانت مستويات الإرهاق المرتبطة بالعوامل الشخصية هي الأعلى في دراستنا بنسبة 69.3%. كان العمر وسنوات الخبرة أكثر المؤشرات ارتباطا بالإرهاق. كان عدد سنوات الخبرة مؤشرا إيجابيا للاحتراق النفسي بينما كان العمر مؤشرا سلبيا.Background: The rates of burnout among physicians and nurses are increasing globally. However, burnout among health care providers in Jordan is insufficiently explored. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout among Emergency Departments’ (ED) physicians and nurses in public sector hospitals in Amman- Jordan.Methods: A cross-sectional study that used the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) self-reporting questionnaire to collect data from a convenience sample of 67 physicians and 96 nurses from the ED in 3 public hospitals in Amman. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS 24.Results: This study showed that 58.7% of the ED physicians and nurses had a high degree of burnout as an average of combined personal, work-related, and patient-related stressors. Personal-related burnout levels were the highest in 69.3% of the participants. The number of years of experience was a positive predictor for burnout while age was a negative predicator.Conclusions: This study revealed high levels of burnout among the ED physicians and nurses of public sector hospitals in Amman, Jordan. This has serious negative consequences on the personal lives of these healthcare providers, their career, the quality of care they provide to the patients and the healthcare system. This necessitates capacity building of the ER healthcare providers about stress management and coping strategies. Additionally, more efficient nursing shifts and balanced physicians on-call schedules must be applied
Nurses' smoking, alcohol and substance use behaviors intertwined with resilience patterns
Full text linkBackground and Aims: Some nurses turn to non-adaptive behaviors including smoking, alcohol and substance use. This study aimed to assess nurses’ smoking, alcohol and substance use behaviors along with their intertwined resilience patterns.
Method: Design. This was a cross-sectional correlational descriptive study where data were collected from 1000 hospital-based nurses.
Analysis. Chi-square analysis was used to test the association between substance use and nurses' gender and type of healthcare sector. Student t-test examined the impact of resilience levels on substance use.
Measurements. The outcome variable was substance use assessed by the ASSIST (McNeely J et al, 2016). Variables of gender, type of hospital and other socio-demographic variables were assessed by self-reported questionnaire. Resilience was measured by the Connor-Davidson resilience Scale (10-items) (Connor M & Davidson R,2003).
Results: The highest rates of substance use among nurses was found in caffeinated drinks followed by smoking, hypnotics, alcohol, opioids, then others. The percentage of illicit drug use scored the least in cocaine (6.1%), then hallucinating agents (7%), cannabis (7.1%), stimulants (7.3%), inhaled substances (7.6%), and the highest score was for opioids (8%). Those rates where significantly reduced to 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6 % respectively, when regularity of consumption was taken in consideration. Gender played a role where males scored significant associations in favor of smoking, alcohol, cannabis and hypnotics over their female partners. Substance non-users scored higher in resilience mean scores than substance users.
Conclusions: Traumatic experiences induce protective mechanisms to help nurses endure emotional pain. Some of those mechanisms include patterns of smoking, alcohol and forms of substance use. So, health care authorities should take nurses’ psychological well-being seriously and act proactively in building supportive and rehabilitative programs
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
Full text linkThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare is driven by digitalization, aiming to enhance early disease diagnosis and treatment. Effective digital transformation in healthcare relies on assessing AI's potential and ensuring seamless collaboration between medical professionals and AI specialists. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are crucial for assisting healthcare providers with decision-making. This review provides an overview of AI's role in healthcare, focusing on CDSS, and addresses epistemic concerns in their development. It highlights the need for alignment between technology and practitioners, emphasizing collaboration and cognitive responsibilities in patient profiling. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords like AI, CDSS, and Machine Learning consolidates insights on evaluating AI-enabled CDSS across design, development, selection, implementation, and monitoring stages. The review also discusses practical evaluation approaches, AI performance indicators, and the importance of explainable CDSS for fostering direct patient connections
A Cross-Sectional Study of Public Awareness of Antibiotic Resistance among the Jordanian Population
Full text linkالخلفية: مقاومة المضادات الحيوية هي مصدر قلق عالمي خطير. فهو يساهم في زيادة معدلات الإصابة بالأمراض والوفيات المرتبطة بالعدوى. والأردن ليس استثناءً من هذه الظاهرة. إن تقييم وترسيخ الوعي تجاه المقاومة والعوامل التي قد تؤثر عليها هو الخطوة الأولى في معالجة هذه القضية.
الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم الوعي بمقاومة المضادات الحيوية في الأردن ومعرفة ما إذا كانت بعض العوامل، مثل نوع قطاع الرعاية الصحية والعمر، مرتبطة بمستوى الوعي.
المواد والطرق: تم استخدام دراسة مقطعية باستخدام استبيان التوعية العامة متعدد البلدان لمنظمة الصحة العالمية لمسح الناس في الأردن باستخدام طريقة أخذ العينات الملائمة. تمت دراسة الارتباط باستخدام اختبار مربع كاي واختبار فيشر الدقيق.
النتائج: أكمل ما مجموعه 469 مشاركا الاستبيان. أظهر الأردنيون وعيًا بالمضادات الحيوية ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية، ولكن تم اكتشاف العديد من المفاهيم الخاطئة. على سبيل المثال، لم يتمكن 85.1% من تحديد مقاومة المضادات الحيوية بشكل صحيح، ويعتقد 45.6% أنه يمكن علاج نزلات البرد بالمضادات الحيوية. وتم الكشف عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في التعليم، والتحضر، والعمل في مجال الرعاية الصحية، والجنس، ونوع المستشفى.
الخلاصة: هناك حاجة إلى حملات تثقيفية ومزيد من الدراسات لتعزيز وعي الجمهور وتصحيح بعض المفاهيم الخاطئة.Background: Antibiotic resistance is a serious global concern. It contributes to increasing the morbidity and mortality rates associated with infections. In the Middle East and countries such as Jordan resistance levels are escalating due to practices such as self-medication, irrational prescribing, and lack of public awareness. Assessing and establishing the awareness towards resistance can inform the way forward.
Aims: The study aimed to assess the awareness of antibiotic resistance in Jordan and to find if certain factors were related to the level of awareness.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing the WHO multi-country public awareness questionnaire was used to survey people in Jordan using a convenience sampling method. The survey was distributed through online platforms. Several factors were considered (gender, urbanizations, education, and working in health sector). The association was studied using Chi-squared and Fischer’s exact tests.
Results: A total of 469 participants completed the questionnaire. Several misconceptions were detected. For example, 85.1% were unable to correctly define antibiotic resistance and 45.6% believed colds could be treated with antibiotics. Working in the health sector and educational level affected the responses of the participants the most regarding the knowledge and seriousness of antibiotic resistance. Gender and urbanization were less significant.
Conclusion: Educational campaigns targeting which conditions require antibiotics and further studies are needed to enhance public awareness and to correct misconceptions
Automated Detection of Retinal Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Ocular Coherence Tomography Imaging: Bibliometric Analysis
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for the better detection of retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Here, bibliometric analysis of AI in OCT is presented. We conducted a systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database up to January 22, 2025 with the help of AI and OCT-related terms. The journal articles and reviews on the topic were examined based on publication trends, author productivity, institution affiliation, and keyword co-occurrence. Visualization was performed through VOSviewer software (1.6.20). A total of 765 articles were analyzed with an increasing trend in publications, led by the USA (30.7%), China (23.3%), and the UK (11.1%) in research production. The most cited institution was the Medical University of Vienna (9.0%), and the most productive journal was Scientific Reports (7.3%). The most common keywords were "Optical Coherence Tomography", "Deep Learning", and "Diabetic Retinopathy" with frequency of 469, 297, 221, respectively. Our review of AI-enhanced OCT for retinal diseases was both comprehensive and systematic, identifying key trends and current research hotspots. As research productivity in this field continues to grow, the focus is increasingly shifting toward developing more accurate AI-driven imaging techniques to improve the diagnosis of various retinal diseases. Future work should prioritize algorithm validation and clinical implementation to facilitate widespread adoptio
Dementia Burden, Prevention, Intervention and Care in Jordan
Full text linkDementia is a significant public health concern in Jordan, ranking as the 7th cause of death among individuals over 80 and the 8th cause of death for females of all ages. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of dementia burden and care in Jordan, highlighting the increasing prevalence and associated risk factors. The review synthesizes data from all available studies related to dementia in Jordan, revealing a 77% increase in dementia prevalence between 1990-2021 for all ages, with a notable rise in related death rates. Key demographic trends indicate a growing elderly population in Jordan, necessitating proactive healthcare policy measures. Identified risk factors include poor education, hypertension, diabetes, and social isolation, with a call for culturally tailored interventions. Despite recognition of dementia by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health priority, Jordan lacks a national dementia plan, leading to gaps in diagnosis, care, and support. Non-Governmental Organizations play a crucial role in raising awareness and providing care, yet challenges such as stigma, resource limitations, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure persist. Finally, we emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based guidelines, public education, and research initiatives to improve dementia care and support for affected individuals and their families in Jordan
Acupuncture and Related Therapies for Nausea and Vomiting among Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review
Full text linkAims: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2017 and 2022, focusing on acupuncture as a treatment for nausea and vomiting, using multiple databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Ovid, to ensure an inclusive approach. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria.
Selection Criteria: This systematic review exclusively included RCTs conducted in English language, involving adult patients with cancer. The scope was limited to acupuncture as a treatment for nausea and vomiting.
Data Collection and Analysis: The included studies were appraised using the Eleven-item Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool, which evaluated aspects such as study design, methodology, and research results.
Results: Several studies have demonstrated that acupuncture is associated with a reduction in chemotherapy complications, particularly vomiting and nausea. Notably, in some studies, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower in the acupuncture group compared to the control group at the beginning of chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Acupuncture and related therapies have positively improved cancer-related outcomes and reduced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients
Perception and Confidence Levels of Undergraduate Dental Students at Jordan University in Key Dental Procedures and the Impact of Competency Implementation on Their Confidence Levels: Part 2
Full text linkBackground and Purpose: A limited number of studies have assessed the level of confidence among final-year dental students regarding their ability to conduct key dental procedures. This study aims to assess the perception and confidence level of final-year dental students from the School of Dentistry at the University of Jordan to perform essential dental procedures across various dental disciplines and to assess the effect of competencies implementation in curricula on the confidence level of students.
Methods: Two cohorts of final-year dental students answered an electronic questionnaire: one group in 2016 before the implementation of the competency-based assessment system (group 1, n = 153), and the other in 2019 after the implementation of this system (group 2, n = 199). The two groups were compared regarding the degree of confidence in conducting key dental procedures. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistics.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding confidence levels in four out of nine endodontic procedures included in this study (anterior teeth root canal treatment (RCT), interpreting the results of vitality tests, placing rubber dam (RD), diagnosing irreversible pulpitis) and in five out of 15 oral surgery procedures considered herein (performing surgical extraction, local infiltration, simple extraction, simple suturing, prescribing medication for acute dental infection). These differences were all in favor of group 1 except for only one procedure (performing surgical extraction).
Conclusion: This study showed that the implementation of a competency-based system at the University of Jordan is largely not useful if not counter-productive with regard to the student's level of confidence when performing endodontic or surgical procedures. The results also showed that dental students generally have high confidence levels in doing simple dental procedures and less confidence in more complex ones. Thus, additional focus on such complex procedures is advised during post-graduation training and before entitlement for practice licensing