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The Role of Place- Names in Olof Sirma’s two Yoik Texts and their Translations
Get PDFThis article discusses the place-names in two old Sami yoik songs. These songs, provided by Olof Sirma, a Sami student, were published in Sami and Latin in Schefferus’ book Lapponia in 1673. They became known as the winter song and the summer song. The winter song is a kind of travel account in which a lover tells about his journey by reindeer sledge. In the summer song he dreams about his absent love. Before the end of the twentieth century both love songs were translated many times into various languages. The article takes up the placenames, the landscape described in the songs as well as the homeland of Sirma and the places mentioned in the texts. It discusses what the respective translators did with the place-names from the Latin source texts, in what way they changed the landscape in their translated versions, how, through misreading, a place-name could become the name of a girl or how a place-name was used for personal ends as proof of a questionable thesis. When, in the twentieth century, translators turned to the Sami source texts, the original landscape gradually emerges again
Psychosocial Perspectives on Working Conditions among Men and Women in Reindeer Breeding in Sweden
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this project was to describe the work organisation in the Sami communities and in reindeer-herding work and to explore the range of female duties and compare how men and women experience their psychosocial working conditions.
Design: A kind of intervention study was performed by means of a questionnaire sent out to 200 individuals from seven Sami communities. Questions were asked about work organisation, communication, personal relations, solitary work, support, participation and appreciation from colleagues and women’s tasks. Meetings and discussions were held about what was perceived as being important in the life of the Sami communities. Notes from 16 group discussions were written down and analysed according to themes of topics relating to how men and women in the Sami communities experience their lives.
Results: Communication and relations were described as being inadequate and some respondents experienced a heavy workload. The women reported more troubled relations, less participation in decision-making and less appreciation from colleagues. Positive issues reported were the Sami identity and a strong connection to the reindeer and to nature.
Conclusions: This study indicates a need for a more systematic study of the psychosocial work conditions in the Sami communities in Sweden. Measures should be taken to develop the organisation of work, e.g. through developing communication strategies and conflict management, which has been requested by several Sami communities
The Ainu Bear Ceremony and the Logic behind Hunting the Deified Bear
Get PDFAll nations have their own view of the world in which they live, of nature, of society, and of the human self. The Hokkaido Ainu’s world view, for example, is deeply connected with their way of life, backed by man–nature relationships, and what this relationship symbolizes is always part of their rituals. The Ainu are known as one of the peoples, like the Sami, the Khanty, and the Nivkh, who perform a bear festival, although they deify the bear and refer to it using the term kamui [‘deity’ or ‘spirit’]. Moreover, the Ainu and the Nivkh perform the bear ceremony for a bear cub reared by them, although the meaning of the ceremonies differ between them. This paper aims to reveal the Ainu conception of the bear and bear ceremony, which enables them to hunt the deified bear, in terms of the Ainu bear ceremonial, their conception of kamui, and human-kamui relationships. The study reveals that the Ainu logic for hunting the bear, or kamui, is encapsulated in an idea about the necessity of maintaining the complementary and reciprocal relationship between humans and the kamui and, as such, the bear ceremony is a symbolic representation of this relationship
Kristina Hagren (ed.), Ordbok över folkmålen i övre Dalarna, 41: TILL–TRÖSKKARL, pp. 2855–2934
No full textReview of: Kristina Hagren (ed.), Ordbok över folkmålen i övre Dalarna, 41: TILL–TRÖSKKARL, pp. 2855–2934, ISBN 978-91-86959-25-8; ISSN 1651-1204; 42: TRÖSKKONA–UTANSKAVE, pp. 2935–3014, ISBN 978-91-86959-31-9; ISSN 1651-1204, Uppsala: Dialekt- och folkminnesarkivet i Uppsala 2016 (Skrifter utg. av Institutet för språk och folkminnen. Serie D:1)
Review (Swedish): Jörgen Gustafsson, Historielärobokens föreställningar: Påbjuden identifikation och genreförändring i den obligatoriska skolan 1870–2000
No full text”I kjærlighedens tjeneste”: Straffens legitimitet i oppdragelse og undervisning
Get PDF“In the Service of Love:” The legitimacy of punishment in child rearing and educationThe article attempts to show that the Norwegian attitude towards punishment as a method of child rearing and education changed character during the last half of the nineteenth century. Legal sanctions regulating and prohibiting the use of physical punishment of children was introduced, primarily in schools but much later also in the family. The article suggests that this was the result of an ideological and political development towards valorising the integrity and humanity of children, but that it was controversial to impose restrictions on parents. It also outlines four models or perspectives on the nature of children and childhood that is discernible in handbooks and manuals for parents and educators, and how these models conveyed a particular understanding of the reasoning for and the consequences of punishing children as a part of rearing practices. This influenced both parents’ values and public and political debate
Alessia Bauer, Laienastrologie im nachreformatorischen Island. Studien zu Gelehrsamkeit und Aberglauben (Münchner Nordistische Studien 21), Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag 2015, ISBN 978-3-8316- 4480-3 [5], 644 pp.
No full textMatthias Egeler (ed.), Germanische Kultorte. Vergleichende, historische und rezeptionsgeschichtliche Zugänge (Münchener Nordistische Studien 24), Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag 2016, ISBN 978-3-8316-4529-9, 376 pp.
No full textPersonal Religion among the Ancient Scandinavians and the Fulltrúi-Concept
Get PDFThe question of personal religion among the ancient Scandinavians has centered around the concept of having a deity as one’s fulltrúi ‘trustworthy friend,’ ástvinr ‘close friend,’ or vinr ‘friend.’ Most scholars of the twentieth century regarded the concept as a true expression of pre-Christian Germanic belief. By contrast, modern scholarship strongly tends to see it as a construct of medieval authors who took the saints’ cult as a model to describe the personal piety of their ninth and tenth century compatriots. On the basis of a passage in the Old Norse translation of Clemens saga, corroborated with archaeological evidence and some skaldic verse, e.g. Sonatorrek, the present study argues that the religious concept of fulltrúi and its parallel terms developed in pre-Christian times