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Coppélie Cocq & Thomas A. DuBois, Sámi Media and Indigenous Agency in the Arctic North, Seattle: University of Washington Press 2020, ISBN 9780295746609, 334 pp.
No full textSkola i skuggan: Privatundervisningen i Stockholm 1735
Get PDFSchool in the shadow: Private education in Stockholm 1735. During the early eighteenth century, private education was a more significant sector of the educational market than was public education, regarding the number of students and teachers, the presence of female students and teachers, the social background of the students, and the introduction of a more diverse and modern curriculum. Hitherto, little has been known of the actual scope or general conditions of private education, which has been over-shadowed by studies of public education. The article maps private education through the Stockholm Church Consistory’s (Stockholms stads konsistorium) thorough inventory of private teachers in the capital of Sweden during 1734–36, providing information of both suppliers and consumers within the private sector of the educational market, as well as of the practice and functions of private education in early modern time
Jonathan Adams & Massimiliano Bampi (eds.), Beyond the Piraeus Lion
No full textReview of: Jonathan Adams & Massimiliano Bampi (eds.), Beyond the Piraeus Lion. East Norse Studies from Venice, København: Universitets-Jubilæets danske Samfund 2017 (Selskab for Østnordisk Filologi 2; Universitets-Jubilæets danske Samfund 594), ISBN 9788740831092, 261 pp
The Continent Without a Cryohistory? Deep Time and Water Scarcity in Arid Settler Australia
Get PDFAustralia is a continent seemingly without a cryohistory. But take a closer look. Its cryohistory differs dramatically from that of the northern hemisphere—a contrast that long baffled Victorian geologists seeking evidence of glaciation in the Great South Land. Just as historians have sought to redress the image of a static Arctic through a new attention to its cryohistory, so too historians of Australia have sought to recover a continent that is anything but a “timeless land.” Its long geological history—its cryohistory—framed Aboriginal lifeways across the continent, which in turn, shaped colonial encounters in the aftermath of British invasion in 1788. Guiding this historical project have been the moral challenges of the settler nation’s legacy of Indigenous dispossession and displacement, and the unfolding planetary crisis of the Anthropocene and its implications for critically understanding deep time. This article examines the colonial hydrology of water scarcity in the goldfields of arid Western Australia in the late nineteenth century. It shows how access to freshwater became a flashpoint for relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples on an extractive frontier. At the turn of the twentieth century, water was the means by which to improve health, hygiene and cleanliness, without which the privileges of white civilisation could not be afforded. Although such conditions also developed elsewhere in settler Australia, the limited water availability on the eastern goldfields made the circumstances that emerged there especially dire. Accordingly, the material conditions of the arid inland—the product of Australia’s Pleistocene—came to bear on the nature of the encounters between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples from the mid-nineteenth century. The very absence of ice in Australia’s cryohistory left its mark on the peoples of the eastern goldfields
Christopher Abram, Evergreen Ash. Ecology and Catastrophe in Old Norse Myth and Literature, Charlottesville & London: University of Virginia Press 2019, ISBN 9780813942261, 240 pp.
No full textThe Continuing Advance and Retreat of Rural Settlement in the Northern Inland of Sweden
Get PDFIn 1960, a range of leading rural geographers started a debate about population development and the “advance and retreat” of human settlement in sparsely populated rural areas, including in the inland north of Sweden. In what came to be known as the “Siljan Symposium,” they identified a number of key themes in relation to migration and human mobility that were thought to determine settlement patterns in the inland north, including: internal migration and urbanisation of populations; the role of simultaneous in- and out-migration in re-shaping settlement patterns; redistribution of rural populations through return migration and international migration; and changing preferences for settlement in different northern “zones” based on the methods for exploiting natural resources for agriculture, forestry, mining and energy production. This paper re-visits the main themes from the 1960 Siljan Symposium and examines Swedish register data to identify how migration patterns and the resulting “advance and retreat” of human settlement have changed across the inland of Västerbotten and Norrbotten. The results suggest that, while general urban-rural and regional-local settlement patterns appear to have been relatively consistent, new forms of migration (including internal, return and international) with different preferences for rural settlement emerging in different localities as a result of both persistent (mining, forestry, energy) and changing (tourism, lifestyle) values of natural resources. We also observe substantial differences in migration and urbanisation rates between Norrbotten and Västerbotten. The paper then discusses how the persistence and discontinuity of experiences over the past decades may provide insights into the potential future patterns of northern settlement
Freeze-up, Break-up, and Colonial Circulation
Get PDFThis paper examines the place of ice and snow in the process of Euro-Canadian colonisation of what are today the Yukon and Northwest Territories. Using oral histories and accounts of Indigenous life experiences from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the paper opens with an examination of the ways in which ice and snow, freeze-up and break-up, were inextricable from wider social and cultural relationships between Indigenous northerners and otherthan-human nature. Intensified trade and missionary activity after the mid-nineteenth-century along the Mackenzie and Yukon rivers and their tributaries created new colonial geographies, rhythms, and knowledge. These paid close attention to the character of ice, the timing of freeze-up and break-up, and the transportation possibilities of the open water season especially. By examining the histories of a scarlet fever epidemic in 1865 and an influenza epidemic in 1928, this paper uses the role of ice and its transformations in shaping the movements of pathogens to trace emerging northern colonial ecologies between 1860 and 1930
Icy, Watery, Liquescent: Sensing and Feeling Climate Change on Northwest Greenland’s Coast
Get PDFIn the coastal areas of Northwest Greenland, water, ice and land intermingle with the lives and trajectories of humans and animals, take on a multitude of shapes and forms, and give rise to a complexity of social relations. However, as in other parts of the Arctic, the effects of climate change are increasingly evident. Sea ice cover during winter and spring is less extensive than people living in the region today have known it to be, while icebergs calve from tidewater glaciers at arate faster than they and scientists have previously observed. Glacial ice mass is diminishing and increased meltwater runoff from glacial fronts affects water temperature, ocean depths and circulation patterns, as well as the formation and thickness of sea ice and the movements of marine mammals and fish. These changes have profound implications for local livelihoods and mobilities, the wider regional economy, and human-animal interactions. In this article, I consider what some of the effects of climate change mean for people and their surroundings in Northwest Greenland’s Upernavik area and draw attention to liquescence as a counter to the “ice is melting” narrative that typically understands climate change as liquification. While the scientific monitoring of sea ice, glacial ice loss, and surface melt on the inland ice in the Upernavik region—and in the wider Northwest Greenland area—is well established, and contributes to the regular updating of state of the ice reports for the Arctic, little attention has been given to what these changes to ice and water mean for people and for human and non-human relational ontologies. Thinking of this in terms of liquescence, rather than liquification is a way of moving toward a deeper appreciation of people’s experiences and sense-making of the changes happening to them and to their surroundings as affective, sensorial and embodied
Propagandastudier: Kooperativa förbundet, demokratin och det fria tankelivet på 1930-talet
Get PDFPropaganda Studies: The Swedish Cooperative Union, Democracy, and Free Thinking in the 1930s. This article investigates educational efforts of the Swedish Cooperative Union (Kooperativa förbundet, KF) during the late interwar period. It focuses on how KF dealt with the fact that propaganda could be a very effective tool of persuasion – e.g. as commercial advertising – but that it also could undermine democracy. For KF, a prolific and innovative advertiser as well as a strong proponent of democratic ideals, this was a real conundrum. Using study guides, books and journals published by KF as sources, this article investigates how members of its study groups were instructed to think about propaganda and its role in society. It is argued that members were taught a form of critical acceptance of propaganda, one that not only legitimized its role in the market, but in democratic public life as well
