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Educational Devices: Debates and Endeavours within the Swiss Teachers’ Association SLV, 1950–1980
Get PDFThis article examines how and why elementary and lower secondary school teachers in Switzerland constructed audio-visual media as educational devices. The new technical solutions had to be interpreted and adapted so that they could be considered educational. The educational press and internal minutes of the Swiss Teachers’ Association SLV show the public discussions as well as internal conflicts. They allow conclusions to be drawn about the role of the teacher association in constructing educational media. They also show the part played by political and practical issues in the evaluation and development of educational media. The article ends with a conclusion that outlines the different ways in which Swiss elementary and lower secondary school teachers dealt with new teaching media
Education as Lived Welfare: A History of Experience Perspective on Children and the Welfare State
Get PDFDrawing on recent research on lived welfare state from a history of experience perspective, this article aims to contribute to the further exploration of the education-welfare state nexus. First, experience as a historical concept is discussed in a historiographical context from the 1960s onwards. Second, the concept of lived welfare and the conceptualization of education as lived welfare are explicated. Third, concrete examples of education as lived welfare elucidate the history of experience approach to children and the welfare state. Children’s encounters with their educators and the school system shape their individual and collective ways of experiencing the welfare state. Examples from historical research presented in the article suggest that the conceptualization of education as lived welfare contributes to a better understanding of citizenship, belonging, trust in society (or lack thereof) and the general formation of individual-society relationship
Between Tradition and Experiment: The Idea of a New University
Get PDFFrom the mid-1960s to the mid 1970s, three new universities were established in Denmark: Odense (1966), Roskilde (1972) and Aalborg (1974). Until then only two universities existed in Denmark: Copenhagen (1479) and Aarhus (1928). Located on the outskirts of the major cities, the new institutions played an important part in reforming and transforming higher education in Denmark. The youngest university, Aalborg University, is approaching its 50th anniversary. This is an opportunity to take a step back and examine the university in long-term perspective. In this article, I investigate the discussions and expectations concerning the establishment of the university in the period 1958–1974. Based on contemporaneous debates in the regional newspaper Aalborg Stiftstidende and interviews with several key figures, the study seeks to analyze the underlying ideas and ideals which characterized the discussion by asking the following questions: What was the projected purpose of the new university? What ideals were expressed in the debate? In the last part of this article, I will reflect on the historiographical developments in the history of the university. In recent years, several new approaches have expanded the field and made visible new aspects of the institutions’ histories. I will discuss why a focus on the ideas, ideals and expectations of the university, and thereby of the university as a knowledge institution, is essential to include in a study of its history
Using the Concept of Genocide as a Tool for Resistance: Legal Pluralities in Civic Action Against Son Preference in Tirupati, India
Get PDFIn this paper based on original fieldwork, I seek to contribute to our understanding of the concept of genocide by examining how civil society actors draw from some aspects of it when seeking to bring about social change in relation to son preference primarily in Tirupati, India. Drawing from Nordic “critical” legal scholarship, I argue that the turn to the international criminal law concept of genocide could be theorized as a case of legal pluralism. Based on empirical material, I posit that even so to say formally “wrong” uses of legal concepts appear to be politically powerful. I suggest that the use of the international legal order in Tirupati’s civil society could be seen as an emancipatory strategy that follows an “instrumental” interpretation of international law. I conclude by arguing that the empirical material implies that we may need to rethink some of the underlying assumptions of the concept of genocide by highlighting its potential of serving as a tool for resistance for actors in civil society
Statliga undervisningsideal och materiella ambitioner: Om skolbänkens svenska historia 1865–1981
Get PDFGovernmental Teaching Ideals and Material Ambitions: On the Swedish History of the School Desk 1865–1981. From 1865 up to 1981 Swedish national authorities issued regulations on design of school desks and furnishing of classrooms. This article investigates what teaching ideals that were expressed in these regulations and how they have changed over time. The article shows that the teaching ideal for the early decades of the study period where teacher centred, resulting in regulations aiming for school desks and classrooms where pupils could sit and listen for long periods of time. From the 1920’s up to the beginning of the 1960’s the regulations held on to teacher centred ideals while the desks used in schools were designed to facilitate variation and cooperation between pupils. Regulations from the last decades of the study show strong changes in teaching ideals. Desks and furnishing now should make interaction and cooperation between pupils easy, and the teacher were to be more of a mentor than a lecturer
Review (English): Anders Ekström and Hampus Östh Gustafsson (eds.), The Humanities and the Modern Politics of Knowledge: The Impact and Organization of the Humanities in Sweden, 1850–2020
No full textReview (English): Kirsi Ahonen, Sharing the Treasure of Knowledge: Nineteenth-Century Nordic Adult Education Initiatives and Their Outcomes
No full textReview (English): Jane Martin, Gender and Education in England since 1770: A Social and Cultural History
No full textContemporary Nordic Histories of the Universities: The Renewal of An Old Field
Get PDFHistorians of the universities have not always belonged to the avantgarde of historical research. On the contrary, many studies of the universities have tended to be rather traditional and narrow-minded. In recent years, however, the surge in the history of knowledge has opened up novel perspectives and given new impulses to how to write the history of the universities. In this presentation, Johan Östling, director of the Lund Centre for the History of Knowledge (LUCK), will highlight some of these new trends and approaches. Among other things, he will show how global history, media history and the history of the humanities can enrich the history of universities
Folkskoleväsende och industrialisering i Norra Sverige: Relationer mellan Olofsfors järnbruk och Nordmaling socken vid organiseringen av folkskoleväsendet i 1800-talets decentraliserade skolsystem
Get PDFMass-Schooling and pre-industrialisation in Northern Sweden: Relations between Olofsfors Ironworks and Nordmaling parish in the organization of Elementary schools in the 19th century decentralized school system. From the mid-nineteenth century, Sweden went through a transformation from an agricultural to an industrial society which led to new demands on the parishes. With the First Elementary School Act in 1842, Sweden’s school system was formalised. The decentralised system formed by the First Elementary School Act, stated that every parish should establish at least one school in every parish. At this time, half of Sweden’s parishes already had some form of public schools, which were run by parishes, private organisations, donations, or pre-industrial companies, as for example Ironworks. Regardless of who ran the school, the parish was responsible and were the one who would report school results to the bishop’s office, so the relationship between the private actor and the parish was important. In this article we study how the relationship between Olofsfors Ironwork and the local parish, Nordmaling developed during the nineteenth century, and how these turbulent times affected the relationship. This is discussed in relation to earlier research and has been analysed through discourse analysis