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Experimental and numerical analyses of a model Trombe wall employing the natural zeolite/perlite composite plate as a thermal mass for nearly zero energy buildings
No full text<p>This study presents an in-depth experimental and numerical analysis of an innovative Composite Trombe Wall (CTW) system utilizing a natural zeolite-perlite composite plate as thermal mass, aimed at advancing sustainable building applications. This novel system uniquely combines the high specific heat capacity of natural zeolite with the low thermal conductivity of perlite, optimizing thermal storage and retention in passive solar energy applications. A comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate natural convection and heat transfer dynamics, and validated against experimental data. Results indicate a maximum temperature differential of 11.5 degrees C between indoor and ambient conditions, demonstrating the CTW system's potential to enhance energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort in nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB). This research contributes a significant advancement by showcasing the practicality of sustainable, locally sourced materials in enhancing passive solar heating systems, thereby establishing a new benchmark in eco-friendly building technology.</p>
Optimization of phycobiliprotein extraction from triple algal co-culture
No full text<p>Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that inhabit freshwater and marine ecosystems. Bioactive substances (metabolites such as astaxanthin, chlorophyll-a, and phycobiliproteins) obtained from microalgae and cyanobacteria are used in a multitude of fields. Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic antenna pigments that are found in cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptophytes. This study aimed to determine the optimal parameters for phycobiliprotein extraction from lyophilized cells obtained from a triple algal co-culture. These parameters included the biomass: solvent ratio, CaCI2 concentration, agitation speed, and extraction time. In all optimization processes, phycocyanin is observed to be the most dominant, while phycoerythrin has the lowest amount. It is demonstrated that all phycobiliprotein efficiencies increase after each optimization process. The highest yield of 12.51 +/- 0.23 mg phycobiliprotein/g freeze-dried weight was obtained using a 1:100 (v: v) biomass: solvent ratio with 2% CaCl2 at 100 rpm for 1 h. The significance of carefully controlling extraction parameters to maximize the efficiency of PBP extraction from triple algal co-culture is highlighted by these results. Employing a combination of extraction methods could potentially improve both the yield and purity of phycobiliproteins obtained from a triple algal co-culture. Future research should focus on developing and refining scaling-up techniques to enhance and optimize the extraction process of phycobiliproteins for industrial use.</p>
Cumhuriyet Senatosunda Bursa'nın Temsili (1961 – 1980)
No full text<p>Bu çalışmada 27 Mayıs 1960 tarihinde Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin ülke iktidarına el koyması ardından hazırlanan 1961 Anayasası ile uygulamaya konulan iki kanatlı meclis yapısıyla oluşturulan Cumhuriyet Senatosunda Bursa’nın senatörler tarafından temsili konusunun irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda 1961 ve 1980 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen genel seçimler sonucunda seçilen Bursa senatörleri kimlerdir? Senatörlerin eğitim durumları ve meslekleri nedir? Seçildikleri parti ve yerelde temsil ettikleri halk açısından Bursa’da nasıl bir tabloyu yansıtmışlardır? Bursa Senatörleri TBMM’de ne ölçüde etkinliğe sahip olmuşlardır? gibi sorunsalların cevapları aranmıştır.</p>
<p>Araştırma sürecinde nitel araştırma yöntemleri takip edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Arşivinde yer alan TBMM Tutanakları, TBMM Cumhuriyet Senatosu Tutanakları, Resmî Gazete ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verileri de dahil olmak üzere pek çok resmi kaynak tetkik edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu yılları konu alan çok sayıda telif eser üzerinde çalışılarak dönemin çeşitli ulusal süreli yayınları üzerinden yapılan değerlendirme ile ülke geneli ve yerel tablo arasındaki bağlam ortaya konulmuştur.</p>
<p>This study aims to examine the representation of Bursa by senators in Senate of The Republic, which was established with the two-wing parliamentary structure put into practice with the 1961 Constitution prepared after the Turkish Armed Forces seized power in the country on May 27, 1960. In this context, answers to questions such as who were the Bursa senators elected as a result of the general elections held between 1961 and 1980? What were the educational backgrounds and professions of the senators? What kind of a picture did they reflect in Bursa in terms of the party they were elected to and the people they represented locally? To what extent did the Bursa Senators have influence in the TBMM? were sought. Qualitative research methods were followed in the research process. In this direction, many official sources were examined, including the TBMM Minutes in the Archives of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, TBMM Republic Senate Minutes, the Official Gazette and the Turkish Statistical Institute data. In addition, a large number of copyrighted works covering these years were studied and the context between the country and the local picture was revealed through an evaluation made on various national periodicals of the period.</p>
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A RAG-based Question Answering System Proposal for Understanding Islam: MufassirQAS LLM
No full text<p>Religious teachings can sometimes be complex and challenging to grasp, but chatbots can serve as effective assistants in this domain. Large Language Model (LLM) based chatbots, powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP), can connect related topics and provide well-supported responses to intricate questions, making them valuable tools for religious education. However, LLMs are prone to hallucinations as they can generate inaccurate or irrelevant information, and these can include sensitive content that could be offensive, inappropriate, or controversial. Addressing such topics without inadvertently promoting hate speech or disrespecting certain beliefs remains a significant challenge. As a solution to these issues, we introduce MufassirQAS, a system that enhances LLM accuracy and transparency using a vector database-driven Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach. We built a dataset comprising fundamental books containing Turkish translations and interpretations of Islamic texts. This database is leveraged to answer religious inquiries while ensuring that responses remain reliable and contextually grounded. Our system also presents the relevant dataset sections alongside the LLM-generated answers, reinforcing transparency. We carefully designed system prompts to prevent harmful, offensive, or disrespectful outputs, ensuring that responses align with ethical and respectful discourse. Moreover, MufassirQAS provides supplementary details, such as source page numbers and referenced articles, to enhance credibility. To evaluate its effectiveness, we tested MufassirQAS against ChatGPT with sensitive questions, and our system demonstrated superior performance in maintaining accuracy and reliability. Future work will focus on improving accuracy and refining prompt engineering techniques to further minimize biases and ensure even more reliable responses.</p>
Dataset for the Article: Flow Impairs Multisensory Tracking and Increases Active Sensing in Weakly Electric Fish
No full text<p>Weakly electric fish rely on electrosensory, visual, and mechanosensory (lateral-line) cues to guide behavior in flowing water, yet the effects of ambient currents on multisensory tracking and active sensing remain poorly understood. We tested the weakly electric knifefish <em>Apteronotus albifrons</em> (N = 4) tracking a moving refuge in a recirculating flow tunnel while systematically varying flow speed (0–16 cm/s), illumination (light vs. dark), and refuge structure (windowed vs. nonwindowed). Tracking performance was quantified with time- and frequency-domain measures (root-mean-square error; gain–phase analyses), and active sensing as movement power outside stimulus frequencies (mean active sensing power, MASP). Increasing flow degraded tracking: relative to still water, RMSE rose by ~46% at 16 cm/s. Deficits were largest in darkness and with the windowed refuge, and were concentrated at low stimulus frequencies. Under higher flows, fish showed a trend toward increased off-frequency movement power (by ~33%), consistent with compensatory active sensing to sustain sensory acquisition. The effects were nonlinear and context dependent. This pattern indicates that increasing hydrodynamic noise may drive dynamic reweighting among visual, electrosensory, and mechanosensory inputs. Collectively, our data indicate that ambient flow degrades low-frequency tracking and may elicit compensatory active sensing in <em>A.albifrons</em>, extending recent demonstrations of context-dependent sensing and control switches in this species and bridging rheotaxis with electrosensory refuge tracking.</p>
Kriz Sosyolojisi - Batı Merkezciliğin Yapısal Sorunları ve Kriz
No full text<p>Kriz sosyolojisi, toplumsal yapıları sarsan, etkileyen ve dönüştüren krizlerin doğasını, nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını inceleyen bir disiplin olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Krizler, bireysel ve kolektif düzeyde değişimleri zorunlu kılan dinamik süreçleri temsil etmektedir. Toplumlar krizler yoluyla kendilerini yeniden inşa ederken kriz süreci kültürel, ekonomik ve politik bağlamlara göre farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Modern toplumlar, krizleri yalnızca bir tehdit olarak değil aynı zamanda yenilik ve dönüşüm için bir fırsat olarak da görmektedir. Bu noktada Kriz Sosyolojisi Batı Merkezciliğin Yapısal Sorunları ve Kriz adlı eserde ilgili hususlara odaklanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu eserin akademik bir perspektiften incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kriz Sosyolojisi Batı Merkezciliğin Yapısal Sorunları ve Kriz, kriz olgusunun sosyolojik boyutlarını ve Batı merkezci yaklaşımın krizleri nasıl yönettiğini ele almaktadır. Çalışma, krizlerin tarihsel ve epistemolojik kökenlerini değerlendirmenin yanında modern toplumların kriz süreçlerini nasıl anlamlandırdığını tartışmaktadır. Batı’nın krizleri yönetme biçiminin tarihsel olarak nasıl şekillendiği ve bu yönetim biçiminin günümüzde nasıl bir çıkmaza girdiği analiz edilmektedir. Ek olarak krizlerin ekonomik, politik ve kültürel boyutları incelenerek, küresel sistem üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Kriz Sosyolojisi Batı Merkezciliğin Yapısal Sorunları ve Kriz kitabı, krizlerin bireysel ve toplumsal dönüşümlerde nasıl bir rol oynadığını ve gelecekte alternatif kriz yönetim modellerinin nasıl geliştirilebileceğini tartışan önemli bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilmektedir. </p>
Glycosylation Signatures of Thyroglobulin in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
No full text<p>Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a clinically established biomarker for thyroid cancer; however, its diagnostic specificity remains limited due to confounding benign conditions. This study investigated changes in the site-specific <em>N-</em>glycosylation profiles of the thyroglobulin protein derived from papillary thyroid cancerous and adjacent healthy tissues. Initially, paraffin was removed from the tissues, and the extracted proteins were subjected to proteolytic digestion into peptides. The generated peptides were analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Nine distinct <em>N-</em>glycosylation sites were identified and quantified to determine the differences between the cancerous and the healthy tissue samples. Statistical tests were performed to evaluate the differences in glycoform between these groups. The glycoforms HexNAc(3)Hex(5) and HexNAc(3)Hex(6) at the Asn1365 site demonstrated notable discriminatory potential between cancerous and healthy tissues. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggest that these glycoforms may serve as promising biomarker candidates. This study reveals that alterations in the relative abundance of specific glycoforms at defined glycosylation sites of the thyroglobulin protein may hold biomarker potential specific to thyroid cancer, providing a foundation for future research.</p>This work was supported by a grant from the Health Institutes of Türkiye (TUSEB) with a grant number of 28731
İlk Dönem İslam Düşüncesinde Dışlama Unsuru Olarak Lanetleme Olgusu
No full text<p>İslam düşünce tarihinin erken dönemlerinde yaşanan siyasi, itikadi ve sosyal ayrışmalar, beraberinde pek çok tartışma ve sorunları doğurmuştur. Bu tartışmaların önemli sonuçlarından biri de “lanetleme” (la‘n) olgusunun zamanla kurumsallaşarak siyasi söylemlerde belirgin bir yer edinmesidir. Kitabımız, söz konusu tarihsel süreçte ortaya çıkan lanetleme olgusunu, çok yönlü olarak incelemeyi hedeflemiştir. Çalışmada lanetlemenin hem bireysel olarak hem de sosyo-politik olaylarda bir araç haline nasıl büründüğü ortaya koymaya çalışılmıştır.</p>
<p>Kitap giriş, iki ana bölümden ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında araştırmanın problemi, amacı, önemi, yöntemine yer verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde lanetleme kavramının Kurân-ı Kerim’de ve Hadis kaynaklarındaki yeri değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte “la‘n” kavramının semantik yapısı ve klasik kaynaklardaki kullanımları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu bölümde lanetleme olgusunun tarihsel gelişimi sosyo-kültürel, siyasi ve dinî faktörler ışığında ele alınmıştır. Özellikle, Arap toplumunun kültürel özelliği, Araplarda asabiyet anlayışının köklü olarak yerleşmesi, Arap edebiyatının lanet kavramıyla iç içe olduğu lanetlemenin kurumsallaşmasına zemin hazırlayan, başlıca nedenleri olarak değerlendirilmiştir.</p>
<p>İkinci bölümde ise lanetleme olgusunun özellikleri çeşitli boyutlarıyle detaylı bir şekilde incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda lanetleyen ve lanetlenen taraflar kimlerdir, lanetlemede hangi söylemler ve ifadeler kullanılmıştır, lanetlemenin süresi ve araçları nelerdir gibi sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Ayrıca lanetlemenin yer aldığı kaynaklara başvurularak, toplumsal ve bireysel etkileri ve lanetlemenin önüne geçilmesine yönelik tarihî çabalar somut örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak lanetlemenin bireysel ve siyasi mücadelede dinî bir araç olarak kullanıldığı gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada veriler, nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından metin analizi ve tarihsel betimleyici yöntem aracılığıyla toplanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.</p>
Future land use/land cover and its impacts on ecosystem services: case of Aydın, Turkey
No full text<p>This paper aims to reveal the impacts of land use/land cover changes on ecosystem services and to guide sustainable development decisions by modelling the future land use/land cover pattern and its ecosystem services in the case of Ayd & imath;n province, Turkey. In this context, the study examined land use/land cover changes in Ayd & imath;n province, predicted future land use/land cover patterns with three scenarios (natural development, ecosystem service-based development, and economy-based development) using the PLUS model, and determined the impact of land use/land cover changes on InVEST generated carbon storage and habitat quality ecosystem services. The key drivers of land use/land cover change in Ayd & imath;n were agricultural expansion, the transformation of different vegetation types into each other, and, even on a small scale, urbanization. The study revealed that changes in the spatial pattern of land use/land cover types, together with the effect of changing vegetation patterns, have a significant impact on carbon storage and habitat quality. While reductions in shrubland and forests were detrimental, transformations from openspaces to them, particularly at their boundaries, enhanced the capacity of carbon storage and habitat quality. On the other hand, even though the scenarios of ecosystem service-based development and economy-based development were based on the economic value of ecosystem services and the value of products/services obtained from different land use/land cover types, respectively, the ecosystem service-based development scenario was characterized by more effective land use/land cover management in terms of maximizing both the economic and ecological benefits. This highlights the significance and emerging need for prioritizing ecological considerations in urban planning.</p>
Experimental investigation of bio-inspired flow field designs for direct methanol fuel cell
No full text<p>Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) performance is directly related to the design of the flow fields. Because these areas provide a maximum working performance by the distribution of the reactants to the active sites, the proportional contact of the reactions on the entire surface and the efficient transport of their products. This performance can be increased by changing the type, size or layout of the channels. In this study, leaves of Mulberry (Morus), Fig (Ficus garica) and Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) trees with 20 cm(2) active area were tested as flow area for DMFC. For this study, flow field designs were fabricated using metal copper plates. Single cell structures were tested and performance results were compared. In experimental parameters, different Methanol + Water (fuel) concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Molar), different fuel temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees C), different air flow rates (0.5, 1, 2, 3 L min(-1)) and their performances at different fuel flow rates (20, 40 and 60 mL min(-1)) were tested and compared with the serpentine flow design. When the performance parameters were examined, the best results were obtained at 60 degrees C, fuel temperature, 1 Molarity, 20 mL min(-1) speed fuel and 1 L min(-1) air values. The pressure drop in bio-inspired flow areas was reduced and the maximum output power of the new designs was increased. The fig tree leaf provided the highest performance and increased performance by 29 % over serpentine flow.Additionally, of all the flow field designs tested, the serpentine type flow field provided the lowest performance in all tests.</p>