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On the Existence of Solutions of Diophantine Equations Related to Subbalancing Numbers
No full text<p>In this paper, we introduce a new sequence of subbalancing numbers by considering balancing numbers as the values of in the Diophantine equations provided by subbalancing numbers. For this, first we prove that when the values of the positive integer are chosen as balancing numbers, there exist integer solutions of the Diophantine equations that correspond to these values of . Then, we obtain the sequence of -subbalancing numbers as the solutions of these Diophantine equations. Moreover, we especially consider -subbalancing numbers and obtain various algebraic identities regarding these numbers. Furthermore, we derive some results on the relationship between -subbalancing and -subbalancing numbers.</p>
Keeping humans in the loop efficiently by generating question templates instead of questions using AI: Validity evidence on Hybrid AIG
No full text<p>BackgroundManually creating multiple-choice questions (MCQ) is inefficient. Automatic item generation (AIG) offers a scalable solution, with two main approaches: template-based and non-template-based (AI-driven). Template-based AIG ensures accuracy but requires significant expert input to develop templates. In contrast, AI-driven AIG can generate questions quickly but with inaccuracies. The Hybrid AIG combines the strengths of both methods. However, neither have MCQs been generated using the Hybrid AIG approach nor has any validity evidence been provided.MethodsWe generated MCQs using the Hybrid AIG approach and investigated the validity evidence of these questions by determining whether experts could identify the correct answers. We used a custom ChatGPT to develop an item template, which were then fed into Gazitor, a template-based AIG (non-AI) software. A panel of medical doctors identified the answers.ResultsOf 105 decisions, 101 (96.2%) matched the software's correct answer. In all MCQs (100%), the experts reached a consensus on the correct answer. The evidence corresponds to the 'Relations to Other Variables' in Messick's validity framework.ConclusionsThe Hybrid AIG approach can enhance the efficiency of MCQ generation while maintaining accuracy. It mitigates concerns about hallucinations while benefiting from AI.</p>
HORIZON EUROPE RIA PROJECT - CULTURATI_Deliverable D4.6 Activity Report 1
No full text<p>This report provides an overview of the activities carried out during the first 24 months of the CULTURATI – Horizon Europe RIA project under the Horizon Europe framework. It details the progress made toward achieving the project's objectives, including a structured analysis of the work completed within each Work Package (WP) in relation to these objectives. The report highlights key achievements, emphasizing collaborative efforts across the consortium. Additionally, it outlines challenges encountered and the mitigation strategies implemented to address them. The document also covers work carried out under WP1 – Project Management and Coordination, ensuring that governance and oversight aspects are documented. Serving as a comprehensive record of the project's advancements, this report ensures transparency and alignment with the expected outcomes while providing insights into the project’s ongoing development and future direction.</p>
Dataset for the Article: Flow Impairs Multisensory Tracking and Increases Active Sensing in Weakly Electric Fish
No full text<p>Weakly electric fish rely on electrosensory, visual, and mechanosensory (lateral-line) cues to guide behavior in flowing water, yet the effects of ambient currents on multisensory tracking and active sensing remain poorly understood. We tested the weakly electric knifefish <em>Apteronotus albifrons</em> (N = 4) tracking a moving refuge in a recirculating flow tunnel while systematically varying flow speed (0–16 cm/s), illumination (light vs. dark), and refuge structure (windowed vs. nonwindowed). Tracking performance was quantified with time- and frequency-domain measures (root-mean-square error; gain–phase analyses), and active sensing as movement power outside stimulus frequencies (mean active sensing power, MASP). Increasing flow degraded tracking: relative to still water, RMSE rose by ~46% at 16 cm/s. Deficits were largest in darkness and with the windowed refuge, and were concentrated at low stimulus frequencies. Under higher flows, fish showed a trend toward increased off-frequency movement power (by ~33%), consistent with compensatory active sensing to sustain sensory acquisition. The effects were nonlinear and context dependent. This pattern indicates that increasing hydrodynamic noise may drive dynamic reweighting among visual, electrosensory, and mechanosensory inputs. Collectively, our data indicate that ambient flow degrades low-frequency tracking and may elicit compensatory active sensing in <em>A.albifrons</em>, extending recent demonstrations of context-dependent sensing and control switches in this species and bridging rheotaxis with electrosensory refuge tracking.</p>
Varlık Vergisi Uygulaması: Bursa Örneği
No full text<p>Bu çalışmada, 1939 -1945 yılları arasında tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almış olan II. Dünya Savaşı’nın Türkiye’de ortaya çıkardığı ekonomik sorunlara paralel olarak hükümet tarafından uygulamaya konulan Varlık Vergisi’nin Bursa’da ortaya çıkardığı etki ele alınmıştır. Vergi uygulamasının kentte ortaya çıkardığı olağanüstü tablonun bütünüyle değerlendirilmesi noktasında araştırma süresince soruların tespiti ve cevapların ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivlerinden elde edilen arşiv belgeleri başta olmak üzere, döneme ilişkin resmi kaynaklardan ve yerelde etkili olan pek çok süreli yayından yararlanılmıştır. Konu ile alakalı pek çok telif eser de çalışmada ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenen kaynaklardan olmuştur.</p>
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Gösterişçi Tüketime Yönelik Tutumları: Fırat Üniversitesi Örneği
No full text<p>Bu çalışmada üniversitedeki öğrencilerin gösterişçi tüketime yönelik görüşleri anlaşılmaya<br>
çalışılmıştır. Araştırma Fırat Üniversitesi’nde gerçekleştirilmiş ve 17 ön lisans öğrencisi çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri nitel araştırma yönteminin derinlemesine<br>
görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerden kodlar ve temalar çıkarılmış ve araştırma verileri tematik olarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada gösterişçi tüketimin;<br>
gelirinden fazla harcamayı, gereksiz ve ihtiyaç fazlası yapılan harcamayı ve israfı ifade ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada gösterişçi tüketimi yönlendiren başlıca faktörlerin başkalarına özenme, bir gruba dâhil olma, sosyal medyada paylaşım yapabilme, dikkat<br>
çekme ve diğerlerinden farklı ve üstün görünmek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gösterişçi tüketim<br>
üzerinde sosyal medya ve çevrenin, aileden daha fazla etkili olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.<br>
Marka ürünler satın alma, kaliteli aksesuar kullanma, pahalı makyaj malzemeleri kullanma, gelirinden fazla harcama yapma, ihtiyaç dışı ürünleri satın alma, gidilen mekânları ve<br>
alınan ürünleri sosyal medyada paylaşma, yapılan harcamaları bulunulan ortamda dile getirme davranışlarının başlıca gösterişçi tüketim belirtileri olduğu da araştırma kapsamında<br>
elde edilen bir diğer sonuçtur.</p>
Halkla İlişkilerde Blog Kullanımı: Uluslararası STK'ların Blog İçeriklerinin İncelenmesi
No full text<p>International non-governmental organizations use public relations strategies to raise social awareness and achieve change and are increasing its investments in digital communication tools from day to day. Among these digital tools, corporate blogs stand out in particular, which significantly contribute to NGOs' public relations efforts, enabling them to shape public opinion, advance their advocacy agendas, foster meaningful engagement, and uphold transparency standards. In addition, the contribution of corporate blogs to the public relations strategies of international NGOs has been addressed in a limited number of studies, and therefore, there is a need for more research on this subject. This study aims to make a unique contribution to the literature by investigating the utilization of corporate blogs within the digital public relations strategies of international NGOs through content analysis. A sample of 17 international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that actively employ blogs was selected from a pool of 103 NGOs identified in the 2024 Civil Society Development Center's 'Civil Networks Platforms Database. A content analysis was undertaken to investigate the functions and public relations utility of these NGO blogs. The findings indicate that corporate blogs can effectively facilitate interaction, transparency, and trust-building, thereby supporting international NGOs' public relations goals. The results of this study underscore the considerable impact of effectively utilizing corporate blogs on the digital public relations practices of non-governmental organizations, thereby addressing a notable gap in the existing body of literature.</p>
Yapay Zekâ Destekli Kişiselleştirilmiş Öğrenme Sistemleri
No full text<p>Dijital çağın ivmelenen teknolojik gelişmeleri, eğitim sistemlerini yalnızca yüzeysel biçimde değil, yapısal olarak dönüştürmektedir. Bu dönüşümün merkezinde yer alan yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojileri, öğretme ve öğrenme süreçlerine yönelik klasik yaklaşımların yeniden değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Özellikle bireysel farklılıkları merkeze alan pedagojik modellerin yükselişiyle birlikte, YZ tabanlı sistemlerin sunduğu kişiselleştirme olanakları, çağdaş eğitimin en stratejik bileşenlerinden biri hâline gelmiştir (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019). Klasik öğretim yöntemlerinin homojen yapısına karşılık, YZ destekli kişiselleştirilmiş öğrenme sistemleri, öğrencilerin bilişsel kapasiteleri, öğrenme hızları, ilgi alanları ve davranışsal eğilimlerine göre dinamik ve esnek öğrenme yolları inşa edebilmektedir.</p>
Enhanced performance of lithium-ion battery cathodes using a composite conductive network of CNTs, GQDs, and GNRs embedded in Li<sub>1.2</sub>Mn<sub>0. 54</sub>Ni<sub>0.13</sub>Co<sub>0.13</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (LMNCO)
No full text<p>Lithium-rich Li-ion battery cathode materials are known for their high specific capacities and working potential. However, their practical application is limited by the significant decline in discharge potential and capacity during repeated cycling. In this study, we introduce a highly conductive electrode architecture, encapsulating within carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to mitigate rapid capacity fading and suppress voltage decay. Three Li1.2Mn0. 54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode materials were synthesized. The first sample, pristine Li1.2Mn0. 54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, was synthesized using a nitrate co- precipitation method. The second cathode, [email protected]. 54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, incorporates a mixture of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons. The third cathode, GQDs:[email protected]. 54Ni0.13Co0.13O2), further integrates graphene quantum dots within the graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes matrix. The inclusion of highly conductive GNRs-CNTs and GQDs effectively enhances the electrical conductivity of Li1.2Mn0. 54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, increasing the specific capacity from 246.95 to 316.94 mAhg(-1). Additionally, GQDs prevent side reactions and surface phase transitions, thereby improving thermal stability.</p>
Fertility and heavy metal pollution in silage maize soil irrigated with different levels of recycled wastewater under conventional and no-tillage practices
No full text<p>Irrigation with recycled domestic wastewater has been known to obtain positive effects on improving soil fertility, but it may also become a risk factor in case of causing an increase in soil salinity and/or heavy metal concentration of soil. No-tillage can retain soil moisture, helping to reduce irrigation water necessity, and thus lower amounts of heavy metals and salts are added to soil under wastewater irrigation conditions. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of wastewater irrigation at different levels of on silage maize cultivation under conventional tillage and no-tillage conditions by comparing to full irrigation with fresh water. The two-year experiment was planned according to the split-plots design in the random blocks with three replications. The results indicated that full irrigation with wastewater increased soil salinity, organic matter content, total nitrogen, plant available phosphous, exchangeable cations, exchangeable sodium percentage and soil essential and non-essential heavy metal contents, but decreased soil pH and lime content. Increasing rates in organic matter content, total nitrogen, plant available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were higher, but in electrical conductivity, and heavy metal accumulation were lower in soil under no-tillage as compared to conventional tillage. Contamination and enrichment factors and geographic accumulation index showed that non-essential heavy metal contamination due to cadmium and nickel, increased in full irrigation with wastewater. Irrigation with wastewater also increased heavy metal accumulation in silage maize. No-tillage can be a recommendable water management practice considering that the risks of soil salinity and heavy metal accumulation can be reduced and that soil fertility can be increased. Also, in reducing the risk of accumulation of cadmium and nickel in soil, 33% deficit irrigation with wastewater can make no-tillage more available.</p>