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Association of environmental and behavioural factors with cardiovascular disease mortality
No full text<p>Aims Recognizing the rising concern of environmental impacts on health, the study aims to explore how specific environmental factors such as air pollution, humidity, and temperature variations contribute to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, emphasizing the role of air quality, climate variables, and lifestyle factors in the disease mortality specifically. Methods and results Analysis of province-level data on CVD mortality in Turkey from 2010 to 2019, assessing the correlations with environmental and lifestyle factors like particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, meteorological variables, and smoking and alcohol consumption. The study employs the SAS TRAJ procedure and Ordinal Logistic Regression for statistical analysis. The multiplicity correction was done through Benjamini-Hoechberg false discovery rate (FDR) approach. As expected, both smoking and alcohol consumption were found to be significantly associated with CVD mortality (odds ratio (OR): 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.11, P-value < 0.0001). While median Air Pressure and Humidity were among the most significant markers with OR of 1.10 indicating an increasing CVD mortality, their variability metrics such as coefficient of variation (CV) showed significant protective effects with OR of 0.37 and 0.89, respectively. Temperature and its variability seemed to be protective overall. Conclusions Our research highlights the significant influence of environmental factors on cardiovascular health, especially air pressure and humidity, beyond the known factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. These findings suggest the need for comprehensive public health strategies that address both environmental and lifestyle risk factors to effectively reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases.</p>
Investigation and evaluation of formability of thin metallic bipolar plates by stamping process
No full text<p>Metallic materials have been considered as a material for bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells due to the higher electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and lower cost. But there are some difficulties to be addressed especially in case a forming process is applied, such as cracking, wrinkling, excessive thinning, and an uneven distribution of channel depths along the flow field. The stamping process of SS-316L and CP-Ti thin sheets, which are widely used as metallic based bipolar plates, is extensively studied in this paper, both experimentally and numerically. Experiments demonstrate that using blank holder force can significantly reduce the wrinkled areas on the plate. The channel depths of sheets increase as the applied press force rises. However, ruptures in CP-Ti sheets occur when the ratio of press force to the formed channel base area exceeds 0.164 kN/mm2. Lower press velocities result in larger channel depth values in CP-Ti sheet and more homogenous channel depth distributions in SS-316L sheet. Severe thinning zones are formed between the contact regions of metal sheets and punch/die. In the view of the evaluation of strain values according to the forming limit diagrams in the simulations, the CP-Ti bipolar plate has a risk of crack areas, whereas the SS-316L bipolar plate is completely in safe. The springback analysis revealed a maximum deviation of 25.12% when compared to the base SS-316L bipolar plate.</p>
Synthesis and use of new magnetic adsorbent for sensitive, practical and simultaneous analysis Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen molecules in urine samples
No full text<p>A new sample preparation and determination method, including HPLC-DAD analysis after Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE), was developed to monitor the trace amounts of two types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Ibuprofen (IBP) and Ketoprofen (KP). In the proposed method, IBP and KP analytes were extracted from newly synthesized magnetic-based sorbent in a pH 4.0 buffer medium and enriched by desorbing again with ethanol to a smaller volume before chromatographic determinations. The samples were filtered and transferred to HPLC vials before analysis. The experimental variables were optimized step by step such as adsorption time, desorption solvent, pH, etc. After preconcentration of IBP and KP molecules by MSPE, determination of target molecules was carried out by isocratic elution of 30 % Methyl alcohol, 40 % Trifluoro Acetic Acid (TFA) (0.1 %, v:v), 30 % Acetonitrile. By using optimized conditions, the detection limits of target molecules were calculated as 3.43 ng mL- 1 and 3.48 ng mL- 1 for IBP and KP, respectively. The triplicate measurements made with model solutions containing 100 ng mL- 1 of target molecules, RSD %values were found below 3.50 %. The developed method was successfully applied to synthetic urine and pooling urine samples. Finally, the practicality and suitability for green analytical chemistry of the proposed method was evaluated by using Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI).</p>
Diverse roles, advantages and importance of deep eutectic solvents application in solid and liquid-phase microextraction techniques - A review
No full text<p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of promising green solvents used as an alternative to traditional organic solvents in various scientific fields. The high biodegradability, biocompatibility, ecofriendliness, tunable properties, and presence of active groups in DESs make them the preferred solvent in a variety of solid- and liquid-phase microextraction techniques. Aside from these benefits, the use of DESs in microextraction techniques results in increased selectivity, extraction efficiency, recovery, analyte stabilization capability, and detection compatibility. Furthermore, the ease of preparation, low cost, readily available components, separation, and applications for a wide range of samples drew significant attention. Based on these benefits, the chemists investigate the application of DESs in separation science for various roles. Based on the advantages of DESs in separation science, this review investigates and describes the various roles of DESs, including sorbent functionalization, desorption solvent, dispersing solvent, reaction media, extraction solvent, solvent for supported liquid membrane (SLM), and acceptor phase in various solid- and liquid-phase microextraction techniques for a variety of matrices, including food, water, soil, plants, beverages, medicinal supplements, and biological samples. Aside from the numerous advantages, the use of DESs for various roles in sorbent-based microextraction techniques reduces extraction performance due to variable complex interaction with the analyte, instability in extreme pH and high-temperature conditions, and insufficient analyte solubility. Furthermore, some physiochemical properties of DESs, such as viscosity, conductivity, and leakage into sample and acceptor solvents, limited their use in membrane-based microextraction methods. Future research should concentrate on developing comprehensive models that accurately describe the physiochemical properties of DESs and their intended role in microextraction techniques. The authors also suggest stabilizing agents in conjunction with DESs to improve extraction stability.</p>
Effects of Eccentric Versus Concentric Strengthening in Patients With Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full text<p>Background: Subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) is the most common cause of shoulder pain. Therapeutic exercise is the first-line treatment for SPS; however, the ideal exercise type remains unclear. Here, we compared the effects of eccentric and concentric strengthening in patients with SPS. Hypothesis: Adding isolated eccentric strengthening to a multimodal physiotherapy program (MPP) would lead to greater improvements in outcomes compared with either MPP alone or adding isolated concentric strengthening to the MPP. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 45 patients were randomized to eccentric strengthening (ESG), concentric strengthening (CSG), and control (CG) groups; all groups received the MPP. The strengthening groups also performed group-specific strengthening. Shoulder pain, abduction and external rotation (ER) strength, joint position sense (JPS), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were collected at baseline, after 12 weeks of treatment, and at week 24. Results: For CMS, ESG exhibited a greater, but not clinically meaningful, improvement than CSG and CG (P < 0.05). Eccentric abduction strength increased in ESG compared with CG. From baseline to follow-up, abduction strength increased in ESG compared with CSG and CG. Eccentric abduction strength increased in CSG compared with CG. JPS at abduction improved in the ESG compared with CG. Other between-group comparisons were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In SPS, eccentric strengthening provided added benefits, improving shoulder abduction strength and JPS at abduction, and was superior to concentric strengthening for improving shoulder abduction strength. Neither strengthening approach had an additional effect on shoulder function, pain, ER strength, or rotational JPS. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians could implement eccentric strengthening as a motor control retraining for strength and proprioception gain rather than for pain relief and reducing disability.</p>
Nucleation of baryons in relativistic hadron-nucleus collisions
No full text<p>We suggest a new theoretical method to describe the baryon clusterization of nuclei in hadronnucleus reactions. As an example we have explored the nuclei production in pi- + C and pi- + W collisions at p P-lab = 1 . 7 GeV by using the hybrid approach consisting of the Ultra Relativistic Quantum Dynamics Model (UrQMD) and the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM). The UrQMD describes the production of new baryons, and the propagation toward the subnuclear densities with the fluctuations leading to the formation of excited baryonic clusters. The SMM describes the production of final nuclei and hypernuclei after interaction of baryons inside these clusters. We demonstrate the transverse momenta, rapidity, mass distributions and excitation energies of both primary clusters and final nuclei (including hypernuclei). The results of the UrQMD and UrQMD+SMM model calculations for different clusterization parameters are compared with the available HADES experimental data on baryon production, providing a very promising window for future research on nuclei and hypernuclei formation in these reactions.</p>
Assessment of apical extrusion in regenerative endodontics: a comparative study of different irrigation methods using three-dimensional immature tooth models
No full text<p>To investigate the apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite in immature permanent teeth caused by conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), EDDY, XP-endo Finisher file (XP-F), and a new laser irrigation activation system [shock-wave-enhanced-emission-photo-acoustic-streaming (SWEEPS)]. Three-dimensionally printed forty-nine teeth with immature central incisor morphology were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups, based on the irrigation activation methods and insertion depths (1 mm and 2 mm short of the working length) as follows: CSI-1, CSI-2, EDDY-1, EDDY-2, XP-1, XP-2, and SWEEPS. Prior to the irrigation activation process, samples were placed in metacresol mixed agar gel in Eppendorf tubes. To evaluate NaOCI extrusion into the gel, each sample was digitally photographed, and the area of apical extrusion was analyzed using ImageJ software. To examine potential significant differences between the continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test, were applied (P = .05). The SWEEPS resulted in a greater amount of apical extrusion compared to the CSI method, regardless of the insertion depth (P < 0.001). The SWEEPS resulted in greater apical extrusion scores compared to EDDY-2 (P < 0.001). The EDDY-1 resulted in greater amount of apical extrusion scores compared to EDDY-2 (P < 0.001). This study, the first to show the effect of the novel SWEEPS technology on NaOCI extrusion, found that irrigation activation can cause different levels of apical extrusion depending on the method and distance from the working length. It is crucial to consider the potential occurrence of apical extrusion when applying activation methods to immature teeth.</p>
Elastic and acoustic properties determination of epoxy/polystyrene/nanoclay/red mud waste hybrid composites by ultrasonic method
No full text<p>Ultrasonic methods are more sensitive to defects such as voids, pores, and discontinuities that can diminish the true elastic and acoustic properties of materials compared to destructive testing. Therefore, the elastic properties and some acoustic properties of the epoxy phenol novolac modified with polystyrene (EPN-PS) matrix-based nano- and hybrid composites were determined for the first time using ultrasonic method. Montmorillonite-type nanoclay (NC) and industrial red mud waste (RMW) at a rate of 1-4 and 15-35 wt% respectively, were used as fillers in the composite preparation. According to the results, the highest elastic coefficient values (L = 8.14 GPa, G = 1.76 GPa, K = 5.79 GPa and E = 4.80 GPa) were obtained in the EPN-PS/NC1 (with 1 wt% NC) nanocomposite sample compared to the elastic properties of pure EPN and EPN-PS, while the highest elastic coefficient values (L = 8.97 GPa, G = 2.19 GPa, K = 6.06 GPa, and E = 5.86 GPa) among hybrid composites (HC) were obtained for the HC35 containing 2 wt. % NC and 35 wt% RMW. Due to both its high elastic and good acoustic properties, wall panels and floors produced using HC35 hybrid composite can be used for sound insulation in noisy environments.Highlights First evaluation of the acoustic characteristics of epoxy phenol novolac modified with polystyrene-nanoclay/red mud waste (EPN-PS-NC/RMW) composites. NC4 with 4 wt% nanoclay showed the lowest elastic and acoustic properties. Nanoclay ratio above 1 wt% reduces elastic and acoustic properties. The increasing RMW ratio in hybrid composites increases elastic properties. High elastic and acoustic properties make HC35 ideal for sound insulation.</p>
Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and RP-HPLC Analysis of <i>Geranium </i>and <i>Erodium</i> Species
No full text<p>The genera Geranium and Erodium (Geraniaceae) have been documented to possess diverse ethnopharmacological uses, including diabetes mellitus. Relevant to their ethnopharmacological use, the current study aimed to evaluate the alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts from 46 samples belonging to thirty-one species of Geranium (20) and Erodium (11) collected throughout T & uuml;rkiye. The majority of the extracts displayed a marked alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. Besides, 23 extracts out of 46 exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect over 50 % towards AChE. The highest AChE inhibition was found in G. subcaulescens collected from Konya with an IC50 value of 4.73 +/- 2.96 mu g/mL. E. somanum, E. leucanthum, and E. sipthorpianum exhibited the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while E. birandianum and E. pelargoniiflorum were the most active extracts against AChE and BChE, respectively. Three extracts that had inhibitory activity over 50 % against four of the enzymes were selected and proceeded to RP-HPLC analysis. Geraniin and ellagic acid were identified as major compounds in the active extracts. Most species screened in the current study were examined for the first time against alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, AChE, and BChE.</p>
Green sample preparation techniques for trace analysis of organic species in cosmetic and Personal Care Products
No full text<p>The cosmetics and personal care industry is moving towards natural, biodegradable, environmentally friendly sample preparation. Environmentally friendly pretreatment techniques belong to green sample preparation methods consisting of solvent-based microextraction (SV-ME), and sorbent-based microextraction (SB-ME). Such approaches not only lower solvent but also enhance the analytical attributes and are compatible with various analytical instruments. In this review, we endeavor to provide a comprehensive list of green sample preparation strategies along with their pros and cons. SV-ME methods such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) are simple, use low volumes of solvents, and allow high pre-concentration factors. Some extremely polar or nonvolatile analytes show difficulties and careful optimization will be required. Both SB-ME methodologies (ie, SBSE and microextraction by packed sorbent [MEPS]) involve using of a smaller quantity of sorbent, thus offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution. They have high selectivity and sensitivity but the selection of sorbents and the possibility of their reusability remains challenging. New solvents and sorbents should be developed in the future, and they should be based on the principles of green chemistry to a better selectivity and less environmental effect. The use of these green sample preparation methods coupled with highly advanced analytical techniques can provide an opportunity to enhance the sensitivity and the outcome of the identification of trace analytes in complex cosmetic matrices. The approach adheres to regulations, consumer needs, and environmental standards, which eventually ensures a cleaner and safer future concerning cosmetic performance.</p>