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Dynamic Deformation Behavior of the Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
No full text<p>In this study, dynamic deformation behavior of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy and effect of initial defects on deformation process of the alloy were investigated with high strain rate experimental and numerical studies. Dynamic compression tests at the strain rates of 350, 850, 1250, 1750, 1950, and 2500/s at room temperature and at higher temperatures of 150 and 240 degrees C were performed using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar. Compression simulations in three dimensions (3D) with LS-Dyna software were conducted using the determined Johnson-Cook parameters of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens, to assess the strain, temperature distribution during deformation. In addition, simulation studies with initial defects in the model were performed to investigate the effect of these defects on strain formation during compression. The experimental results showed that strain rates over 1250/s caused failure at 45 degrees to the loading direction. Adiabatic shear bands were observed for the specimens compressed at the strain rates of 1250/s and higher. As strain rate increased from 1250 to 2500/s, the type of adiabatic shear band altered from deformed to transformed type. The simulation results showed that initial defects in the specimen led to formation of higher plastic strain in the direction of 45 degrees around initial defects. This high strain might be the cause of formation of adiabatic shear band. The simulation results also indicated that void morphology could affect strain distribution in the specimen.</p>
Modification of ionic liquid and lactoferrin-based small molecules as potential therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2: Molecular docking disclosed the predictable results
No full text<p>Ionic liquid MIE-NH2 displays a new role in the development of modification of glycoproteins of lactoferrin through a reductive amination mechanism to synthesize versatile pharmaceuticals. This work introduces a new strategy of modification of lactoferrin by using methyl imidazolium N-ethylamine MIE-NH2, this ionic liquid linked to N-glycans in lactoferrin derivatives in simple method. The modification of lactoferrin with MIE-NH2 as a novel small molecule (SM-IL-Lf) contains active amino groups is confirmed by UPLC/ESI-QTOF and MALDITOF mass spectrometry. Molecular docking disclosed the bioactivity of modifying glycoproteins - small IL-Lfmolecules by elucidating its interactions with the inspected targets. This providing of small molecules IL-Lf released a wide display with different functions as significantly important drug candidates inhibiting the targets of main protease (Mpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and Papain-like protease (PLpro). The probability of the modeling N-glycans from lactoferrin modified and designed as small IL-Lf-molecules to inhibit any of these targets was investigated to find out its potency inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2.</p>
Allocryptopine Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Microglial Cells Via TLR4-Dependent NF-κB and p38 MAPK Pathways
No full text<p>Studies in the existing literature propose that allocryptopine possesses both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, showcasing its neuroprotective effects by potentially mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allocryptopine on various targets and potential mechanisms that have not been previously explored in the literature. Initially, we used MTT and LDH methods to evaluate the effects of allocryptopine on cell viability in BV-2 cells exposed to LPS-induced damage. Subsequently, we evaluated the impact of allocryptopine on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha), other inflammatory mediators (Cox-2 and iNOS), and p38 MAPK genes and proteins through qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Also, we evaluated the impact of allocryptopine on NF-kappa B proteins (TLR4, MyD88, I kappa B alpha, p-p50, and p-p65) through ELISA assay. Molecular docking analyses were performed to investigate the potential binding of allocryptopine to target proteins (TLR4, MyD88, I kappa B alpha, p50, p65, MKK3, MKK4, MKK6, p38, AP-1 (c-Jun and ATF2), IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, Cox-2, and iNOS) associated with the TLR4, NF-kappa B, and p38 MAPK pathways. Our results indicate that allocryptopine exerts a comprehensive influence on pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators by inhibiting TLR4 signaling and modulating the NF-kappa B and p38 MAPK pathways. The outcomes of our study suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of allocryptopine is intricately linked to the modulation of key molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of allocryptopine as a therapeutic agent for addressing neurodegenerative diseases by safeguarding neuronal health.</p>
Rasyonel Sayılı Köşelere Sahip Graflardaki Jeodezik Yollardan Üretilen Metriklerin Karşılaştırılması
No full text<p>Çalışma, gcd(u,N)=1 varsayımı altında u^2+〖(-1)〗^i k_i u+1 ≡ 0 (mod N) denklemi etrafında üç ardışık adımdan oluşur: (i) i∈{1,2} için çözümlerin sınıflandırılması ve k_1 ≡ u+u^(-1) (mod N), k_2 ≡ -(u+u^(-1)) (mod N) kapalı biçimlerinin doğrulanması; (ii) bu kᵢ değerleri sabitlenerek A_0=0; A_1=1 ve A_n=(-k_i)A_(n-1)+(-1)A_(n-2) yinelemesi altında Aₙ dizisi üzerinde özdeşliklerin türetilmesi; (iii) F_(u,N) grafında minimal yolun köşe değerlerine dayalı metriklerin Farey grafındaki karşılıklarıyla kıyaslanması. Özgün katkı, literatürdeki Cassini veya toplamsal biçimlere yalnızca yapısal benzerlik gösteren, ancak ifade yapısı ve geçerlilik koşulları bakımından kᵢ’ye bağlı olarak farklılaşan **yeni** kᵢ-parametrik özdeşliklerin elde edilmesidir. Çalışmada, karakteristik polinom yaklaşımı ve 2×2 eşlik matrisi üzerinden kurulan sembolik iskelet, sayısal kalıntı testleriyle birlikte kullanılmış ve yeni eşitliklerin doğruluğu denetlenmiştir. Bulgular, sınıflandırmanın iki çözüm sınıfını açık biçimde ayırdığını; yeni kᵢ-parametrik özdeşliklerin Aₙ ailesi üzerinde tutarlı ve tekrarlanabilir biçimde sağlandığını; metrik kıyasının ise kısa periyotlu sürekli kesir açılımlarında daha yüksek yakınsama eğilimi gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.</p>
<p>Anahtar Kelimeler: yeni kᵢ-parametrik özdeşlikler; kongrüans çözümleri; Aₙ dizisi; F_(u,N) grafı; jeodezik yol; metrik karşılaştırması.</p>
Balinese Women, Gender, and Violence in Postmodern Bali
No full text<p>Balinese women are born into an Eastern cultural and social system that is very different from the Western cultural and social environment. This aspect is a significant aspect that causes women in Bali in particular and in Indonesia in general to be often seen as marginalized, neglected, backward, and undeveloped. Gender inequality still occurs for Balinese women in the modern era like this; they are also victims of physical, psychological, and sexual violence. If this continues to happen, there will be an even greater inequality between women and men, where women are always in a weak position. In this regard, the general conditions need to be traced back to the historical dynamics of Balinese culture and society itself. Significant questions arise, including, firstly, why the role or position of Balinese women is important; secondly, how the process of marginalization of the position of Balinese women is; and thirdly, how the position of Balinese women who are at a crossroads should be interpreted in an effort to understand their role in relation to the issues of gender, power, and politics. The research was conducted in Tabanan Regency by collecting data on violence against women through interviews, literature review, and documentation. The data obtained were studied using gender theory. The results of this study show that there was an increase in cases of violence against women in Tabanan Regency, from 15 cases in 2023 to 28 cases in 2024. Through the results of this study, it is hoped that all parties concerned will be more aware and work together to protect women from acts of violence that occur and that Balinese women can show their roles as equals. Prioritizing aspects of human rights, this study is expected to contribute to the study of women, gender, and power in Bali in particular and in the global world in general. </p>
Genome-wide screen of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Keio mutant line identifies genes related to propolis effect
No full text<p>Propolis, a natural bee product and functional food, exhibits potent antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the effect of propolis on Escherichia coli K-12 using the Keio genome-wide knockout mutant line, which contains single deletions of 3985 non-essential genes. 54 mutants showed sensitivity to propolis at sub-lethal concentrations for the wild type strain. The most sensitive mutants lacked the genes related to iron uptake by ferric enterobactin (FepD, FepA), glutamine transport (GlnP) and peptidoglycan recycling (LdcA). Complementation of these mutants with the corresponding genes restored resistance, suggesting that FepD, FepA, GlnP and LdcA play critical roles in providing intrinsic resistance to the antimicrobial effect of propolis. All 54 sensitive mutants were also classified into highly sensitive (HS, n = 4), moderately sensitive (MS, n = 14) and low sensitive (LS, n = 36) based on the level of growth inhibition. EcoCyc and Omics Dashboard analyses showed that the systems most affected by propolis were regulation, cell exterior, central dogma and other pathways. Enrichment of propolis sensitive gene hits using DAVID pathway analysis revealed the importance of ferric-enterobactin transport and metalloaminopeptidase activities. As a result of testing 3985 mutants, this study sheds light on the antimicrobial effect of propolis and the cellular adaptation of E. coli by providing molecular targets and pathways.</p>
Sosyal İçerme Bağlamında Engelli ve Eski Hükümlülerin İstihdamı: Elazığ Belediyesi Örneği
No full text<p>Engelli ve eski hükümlüler dezavantajlı gruplardır. Dezavantajlı grup içerisinde yer alan insanlar hem bulundukları engellilik durumu ile hem de ekonomik zorluklar ile mücadele etmek durumundadır. Ekonomik sorun dezavantajlılığın bir sonucu olmakla birlikte istihdam yetersizliğinden dolayı engelli ve eski hükümlü bireylerin sosyal yaşama uyum süreçlerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Ekonomik sorunların başlıca nedenlerinden biri; işverenlerin dezavantajlarından dolayı engelli ve eski hükümlüleri çalıştırmak istememesidir. İşverenler çalıştırdıkları personelden yüksek fayda sağlamak istedikleri için dezavantajlı grupları yük olarak görebilmektedirler. Engelli ve eski hükümlü bireylerin sahip oldukları dezavantajlılık durumundan çok sosyal hayattaki ve iş yaşamındaki bireylerin tutum ve davranışları sosyal yaşama uyum süreçleri üzerinde önemli etki oluşturmaktadır. Engelli ve eski hükümlü bireyler özellikle iş yaşamında dezavantajlı bireylere karşı olan tutumdan kaynaklı ya da dezavantajlı olan bireylerin kendi durumları ile ilgili olarak birtakım zorluklarla karşılaşabilmektedirler, bu zorluklar; dışlanma, mobbing, alay edilme, yetersiz olduklarının hissettirilmesi, işlerden uzak tutulmaları, engel durumlarına uygun iş verilmemesi, fiziki şartların dezavantajlılık durumlarına uygun olmaması ve mesai esnekliği sağlanmaması şeklinde olabilmektedir. Yaşanan olumsuzlukları önlemek için politikalar geliştirilmesine rağmen dezavantajlıların istihdamı istenilen seviyelere ulaşmış değildir. Dezavantajlıların istihdam edilmesi zorunluluk çerçevesi içerisindedir. İstihdam olanaklarına ulaşamayan dezavantajlı bireyler, çifte dezavantajlılık durumu ile karşılaşmakta ve zor olan hayatları daha da içinden çıkılmaz bir duruma gelebilmektedir. Çalışmamızda, kamu kurumlarında görev yapan engelli ve eski hükümlüler için uygulanan istihdam politikaları değerlendirilerek, engelli ve eski hükümlülerin iş yaşamına girebilmesi için, neler yapılabileceği konusu üzerinde durulmuş ve araştırmacılar ile yapılan görüşme sürecinde kendilerinden, dezvantajlıların istihdamının nasıl arttırılacağı ile ilgili görüşler alınmıştır. Araştırma verileri 03.01.2025 - 24.04.2025 tarihleri arasında oluşturulmuş olup yapılan görüşmeler ve literatür taraması neticesinde; Türkiye’de kamu kurumlarındaki engelli ve eski hükümlü istihdamının sadece yasal zorunluluk çerçevesinde kaldığı görülmüştür</p>
The effect of spinal orthosis on scoliosis progression and chest deformity in children with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy: a randomized controlled trial
No full text<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by severe muscle weakness, which results in progressive spinal and chest deformities. This study aims to evaluate the effect of spinal orthosis use along with pulmonary care (PC), individualized pulmonary rehabilitation (IPR), and individualized trunk exercises (ITE) in children with Type 1 SMA.</p>
<p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 24 children with Type 1 SMA aged 2–6 years, with a scoliosis angle of 20°–40°. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups using a stratified randomization method: Group 1 (PC, IPR, ITE) and Group 2 (PC, IPR, ITE & spinal orthosis). All participants underwent an 8-week treatment program. Pre- and post-treatment assessments included scoliosis progression measured by the Cobb angle, chest deformity evaluated through the basal upper-lower chest wall ratio and the Supine Angle of Trunk Rotation Test (SATR), and motor function levels assessed using the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND).</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were observed in Cobb angle, bell-shaped chest deformity, and motor function in both groups (p<0.05). Group 2 demonstrated greater improvements in effect size (ES) across all evaluation parameters. Compared to Group 1, Group 2 showed superior improvement in Cobb angle (ES=3.98), basal upper-lower chest wall ratio (ES=5.00), SATRL (lower) (ES=2.55), SATRU (upper) (ES=1.64), and CHOP INTEND (ES=1.23) (p<0.05).</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The combination of PC, IPR, ITE, and spinal orthosis demonstrated superior effectiveness in Type 1 SMA, marking this as the first study to highlight its benefits. Further validation through large-scale studies with long-term follow-ups is necessary.</p>
1,4-Naphthoquinone thiazoles: Synthesis, crystal structure, anti-proliferative activity, and inverse molecular docking study
No full text<p>In this study, 1,4-naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids were synthesized by reacting 1,4-naphthoquinone thioureas with various alpha-bromoketones in 78-86 % yields and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS techniques. Furthermore, single crystal x-ray diffraction studies were also performed for 3b and 3c hybrids to determine stereochemistry. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to obtain additional information and to support the x-ray studies. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities of 1,4-naphthoquinone thiazoles were investigated against PC3 human prostate cancer cells. The products 3a-h showed antiproliferative activity against PC3 cells, and the cell viability studies showed that the IC50 values of compounds 3f and 3e were 20.10 mu M and 21.14 mu M, respectively, while the other compounds exhibited lesser cytotoxic effects than the former two. Potential target underlying the mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds against prostate cancer was identified using inverse (reverse) docking method. Molecular dynamics simulation was also conducted to confirm the stability of the 3f/enzyme system. It was determined that the solubility in ethanol was better for compounds bearing methyl substituent on X1 location than compounds containing tert-butyl on the same location. Compounds with F atom on X2 position were more soluble than the others in the corresponding groups.</p>
Protein-added kefir: biochemical changes in <i>in vitro</i> digestion stages
No full text<p>Background: While yogurt is the leading fermented milk product, kefir is at the top of the beverage scale. Milk proteins, on the other hand, show specific functions that positively affect healthy nutrition due to the bioactive components, that they provide the necessary amino acids for growth and development. Results: In our study, kefir, a functional product enriched with whey proteins, casein and skimmed milk powder, which are the natural components of milk, was produced. Added-protein kefir samples were applied the in vitro digestion protocol, static method. In order to observe different protein behaviors, samples were taken pre-digestion, at 120th minute and at 240th minute of digestion protocol. ACE and Antioxidant capacity determination analyzes were carried out. While ACE inhibition values were in the range of 78.63-90.30% pre-digestion, they changed in the range of 86.97-96.38% after gastrointestinal digestion. It was determined that the ACE inhibition values of the control sample remained at the lowest level at all stages of digestion and that the difference between all of samples was significant (P < 0.05). Antioxidant activity value ranging from 0.3615-0.5512 meq Ascorbic acid/mu g before digestion was determined as 1.3796-1.9313 meq Ascorbic acid/mu g after gastrointestinal digestion (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Kefir samples containing whey protein stand out with their high potential in terms of both antioxidant activity capacity and ACE inhibition activity at all stages of digestion. Considering their therapeutic effects in fermented products, it is thought that whey proteins among milk proteins will be important alternative sources to enrich the protein content in kefir production. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>