Open Access Scientific Journals of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures of the University of Verona
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Фигура “ближнего” в рассказе Ф. М. Достоевского Сон смешного человека: ближние и дальние контексты понимания
No full textThe idea of the “neighbour” in F. M. Dostoevsky’s story The Dream of a Ridiculous Man: Proximity and Distance Contexts of Understanding
The article explores the way Dostoevsky’s idea of ‘the neighbour’ develops, primarily using the story The Dream of a Ridiculous Man, but also A Writer’s Diary, 1877, and the novel The Brothers Karamazov. That idea evolves at the juncture of such basic distinctions as the close and the distant, the horizontal and the vertical, the symmetric and the asymmetric. The key problem for Dostoevsky both in terms of philosophy and the plot is the issue of the possibility of love for one’s neighbour in this world and, consequently, the possibility of brotherhood are united by mutual love. Dostoevsky gives several general answers to the question, all more or less hopeless, which complement each other as in if one does not work out, perhaps the other can. On the way to that seeking of love for one’s neighbour, there is a double barrier: firstly, the impossibility, or at least the difficulty of love in close proximity; secondly, the unwillingness often displayed by the neighbour to accept that brotherly love which is directed at him. The article reveals three general approaches to the idea of the brotherhood used by the writer, i.e. three ways to overcome those barriers. The first approach is as follows: an individual who is filled with love for his neighbours directs that love at them regardless of whether it works. The second approach is: several potential brothers must simultaneously take a step towards each other. The third approach: the brotherhood is established not based on mutual equality and acceptance, but rather emerges under the leadership of one who is appointed as senior (or elder) and who, when the potential brothers deserve it, grants them brotherly rights.
Keywords: The Dream of a Ridiculous Man, A Writer’s Diary, The Brothers Karamazov, Neighbour, BrotherhoodВ статье на материале прежде всего рассказа Сон смешного человека, Дневника писателя 1877 года и романа Братья Карамазовы исследуется то, как строится у Достоевского представление о «ближнем». Представление это складывается на пересечении таких основных различений, как близкое и далекое, горизонтальное и вертикальное, симметричное и асимметричное. Ключевая философская и сюжетная проблема Достоевского – вопрос о возможности на земле любви к ближнему и, соответственно, возможности братства – состояния, при котором ближних объединяет взаимная любовь. Достоевский дает на этот вопрос несколько в целом безнадежных ответов, которые дополняют друг друга по принципу: если не получится одно, то, может быть, получится другое. На пути любви к ближнему стоит двойная преграда: во-первых, неосуществимость или, по крайней мере, сложность любви на близком расстоянии; во-вторых, нежелание, зачастую проявляемое ближними, принимать направленную на них братскую любовь. В статье выявляются три магистральные для писателя технологии братства – три способа преодоления такой преграды. Первая технология: отдельно взятый субъект, проникнувшись любовью к ближним, обращает ее на них, не думая о том, принесет ли она плоды. Вторая технология: несколько потенциальных братьев должны одновременно сделать шаг навстречу друг другу. Третья технология: братство учреждается не на основе взаимного равенства и признания, а возникает под началом того, кто поставлен старшим и кто, когда потенциальные братья заслужат это, дарует им братские права.
Ключевые слова: Сон смешного человека, Дневник писателя, Братья Карамазовы, ближний, братств
Отклики “Чистилища” Данте в “Эпилоге” Преступления и наказания
No full textEchoes of Dante’s “Purgatorio” in the Epilogue of Crime and Punishment
The study is dedicated to the analysis of the presence of Dante’s Comedy in Dostoevsky’s major novels, even if the direct references are few. The author focuses particularly on common elements between the “Epilogue” of the novel Crime and Punishment and Dante’s Purgatorio, “Canti” XVIII, XXX, XXXI. In both texts space-time coordinates are similar and important and meaningful details offer unquestionable convergences.
Keywords: Dante, Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, Evil, Resurrection, Sonja, Beatrice, Siberia
Echoes of Dante’s “Purgatorio” in the Epilogue of Crime and Punishment
The study is dedicated to the analysis of the presence of Dante’s Comedy in Dostoevsky’s major novels, even if the direct references are few. The author focuses particularly on common elements between the “Epilogue” of the novel Crime and Punishment and Dante’s Purgatorio, “Canti” XVIII, XXX, XXXI. In both texts space-time coordinates are similar and important and meaningful details offer unquestionable convergences.
Keywords: Dante, Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, Evil, Resurrection, Sonja, Beatrice, Siberia
A chivalric motif in the pastoral novel: the armed women of the arcadias
No full textCome ha giustamente osservato López Estrada (1974, 324-325), il romanzo pastorale non sostituì il gusto per la cavalleria, e sono molte le intersezioni e i percorsi di andata e ritorno tra i due generi che restano ancora da esplorare. La virgo bellatrix è uno di questi temi condivisi. Questo articolo propone un’analisi di questo motivo nel corpus completo dei romanzi pastorali scritti in lingua castigliana (1559-1633). Partendo dallo studio di Marín Pina (1989) su questo personaggio nei libri di cavalleria, si analizza il trattamento delle donne armate nei romanzi pastorali, individuando corrispondenze e nuovi sviluppi del tema che contribuiscono a completare il panorama delle contaminazioni tra il modello dell’amazzone e quello della donzella guerriera per necessità.Como bien notó López Estrada (1974, 324-325), la novela pastoril no remplazó el gusto por la caballeresca, y son muchas las intersecciones y caminos de ida y vuelta entre los dos géneros que aún quedan por explorar. La virgo bellatrix es uno de estos temas compartidos. Este artículo propone un rastreo de este motivo en el corpus completo de novelas pastoriles escritas en lengua castellana (1559-1633). Partiendo del estudio de Marín Pina (1989) sobre este personaje en los libros de caballerías, se analiza el tratamiento de las mujeres armadas en las novelas pastoriles, identificando coincidencias y nuevos desarrollos del tópico que vienen a complementar el panorama de contaminaciones entre el modelo de la amazona y la doncella guerrera por necesidad.Como bien notó López Estrada (1974, 324-325), la novela pastoril no remplazó el gusto por la caballeresca, y son muchas las intersecciones y caminos de ida y vuelta entre los dos géneros que aún quedan por explorar. La virgo bellatrix es uno de estos temas compartidos. Este artículo propone un rastreo de este motivo en el corpus completo de novelas pastoriles escritas en lengua castellana (1559-1633). Partiendo del estudio de Marín Pina (1989) sobre este personaje en los libros de caballerías, se analiza el tratamiento de las mujeres armadas en las novelas pastoriles, identificando coincidencias y nuevos desarrollos del tópico que vienen a complementar el panorama de contaminaciones entre el modelo de la amazona y la doncella guerrera por necesidad.As López Estrada (1974, 324-325) rightly noted, the pastoral novel did not replace the taste for the chivalric romance, and there are many intersections and back-and-forth paths between the two genres that remain to be explored. The virgo bellatrix is one of these common themes. This article traces this motif in the complete corpus of pastoral novels written in Spanish (1559-1633). Based on Marín Pina\u27s (1989) study of this character in the chivalric romances, this article proposes an analysis of the treatment of armed women in the pastoral novels, identifying coincidences and new developments of the motif that complete the panorama of contaminations between the model of the Amazon and the maiden who takes up arms out of necessity
From Fanta-Ghirò the Beautiful to Leola: The Presence of the Puella cum armis in Modern Rewritings of Chivalric Matter
No full textEn el presente artículo, tras un excursus sobre la presencia del motivo de la virgo-bellatrix en la narrativa folclórica y en los libros de caballerías españoles, se estudia su fortuna en dos reescrituras modernas de la materia caballeresca: El rapto del Santo Grial, de Paloma Díaz-Mas, e Historia del rey Transparente, de Rosa Montero.En el presente artículo, tras un excursus sobre la presencia del motivo de la virgo-bellatrix en la narrativa folclórica y en los libros de caballerías españoles, se estudia su fortuna en dos reescrituras modernas de la materia caballeresca: El rapto del Santo Grial, de Paloma Díaz-Mas, e Historia del rey Transparente, de Rosa Montero.Nel presente articolo, dopo un excursus sulla presenza del motivo della virgo-bellatrix nella narrativa folklorica e nei libri di cavalleria spagnoli, se ne studia la fortuna nelle due riscritture moderne di materia cavalleresca di Paloma Díaz-Mas, El rapto del Santo Grial e di Rosa Montero Historia del rey Transparente.In the present article, after an excursus on the presence of the virgo-bellatrix motif in Spanish folkloric fiction and romances of chivalry, its fortune is studied in two modern rewritings of chivalric material: El rapto del Santo Grial by Paloma Díaz-Mas and in Historia del rey Transparente by Rosa Montero
Investigating Transparency in Corporate Discourse about Safety
No full textTransparent communication is key to corporate reputation. Although greater public awareness has obliged firms to take a more proactive approach to transparent communication and disclosure, transparency remains an elusive concept and difficult to verify. This paper explores the characteristics of language which can act as indicators of transparency and focuses on the information about safety at sea provided by cruise and ferry operators in the relevant sections of the companies’ websites and their corporate reports. Following Schnackenberg and Tomlinson’s (2016) classification of the three dimensions of transparency, namely Disclosure, Clarity and Accuracy, the analysis adopts an eclectic, primarily qualitative approach to identify the linguistic and rhetorical features that contribute to or hinder transparency. The study takes into consideration the cognitive strategies adopted in the transfer of specialised and technical knowledge from expert to non-expert, which may give insight into the way information is rendered understandable and hence more transparent from the point of view of clarity. Another line of analysis is the use of vagueness, which could appear to move the discourse in the opposite direction, towards ambiguity, or even opaqueness. Whilst various rhetorical devices, such as cognitive strategies and FAQs, are found to enhance transparency, vagueness and highly evaluative language, typical of corporate communication, may impair it. The overall results of the analysis suggest that it is easier to identify the characteristics of the lack, rather than the presence, of transparency
Lost in the Forest: Flashpoints for Language Learners in Sketch Engine
No full textRecent work on data-driven learning manifests concern for the level of complexity that the use of corpora can entail, a complexity which – it is feared – may ultimately turn learners away from corpus interfaces in favour of the more discursive and user-friendly query strategies offered by AI. With this in mind, the primary aim of this paper is to trace the “journey of experience” of a hypothetical, relatively inexperienced, university-level user of the corpus management and analysis software Sketch Engine, in order to evaluate its plausibility as a resource for this type of user. Particular focus will be devoted to the Word Sketch option, following an analysis of the main differences between the query types Simple Query, Lemma Query, Phrase Query and Word Query. In this regard, it would seem that the issue of lemmatisation merits particular attention
Enhancing Socio-pragmatic Competence through Storytelling: Exploring Discourse Markers in ESL College Learners’ Oral Narratives
No full textThis study, addressing gaps highlighted by Lucarevschi (2016), investigates learners’ oral narratives and the role of discourse markers (DMs) in enhancing grammatical and socio-pragmatic competence in English as a Second Language (ESL). The research analyses a corpus of 36 narratives produced by upper-intermediate college learners. Participants were asked to narrate a weird event that happened to them. Then they were instructed on traits of spoken English (DMs included) and the phases of oral narratives (Labov and Waletzky 1967). Lastly, they were asked to re-narrate their stories. A mixed-methods analysis of DM occurrences was used, employing González’s (2004) taxonomy. Results show a statistically significant increase in the use of specific DMs after instruction (so, you know) and a gradual acquisition of informal conversational features. Comparison with native speakers’ narratives (González 2004) reveals learners’ alignment in DM range and pragmatic functions but differences in overall frequency and use, as the overreliance on so and and seem to suggest.
The findings challenge the perception of DMs as language elements which do not need to be taught and advocate for their explicit inclusion in higher education ESL instruction to enhance coherence and socio-pragmatic competence. Limitations are acknowledged, especially in the monologic focus used. Further research on DM use in ESL conversational narrative contexts is suggested
The Return to the American Golden Age: Linguistic Insights into Trump’s 2024 Presidential Campaign
No full textThe global geopolitical situation has been characterised by numerous crises in recent years, posing new challenges to EU governments and the US. Owing to the ensuing international instability, Trump’s inflammatory 2024 presidential campaign turned traditional rhetoric into an attempt to restore what he portrayed as the golden age.
Set against this context, the present work analyses three main issues highlighted by the tycoon during the 2024 US campaign: the deteriorating effects of Biden’s administration, transgender people and immigration. To this end, 61 speeches delivered by Trump during the 2024 presidential campaign have been collected into a corpus and examined through the tools provided by Sketch Engine, with the purpose of discussing the semantic and metaphorical aspects of keywords and collocational clusters. Subsequently, drawing on Wodak’s (2011) theoretical frameworks, this research dwells on Trump’s employment of disclaimers, rhetorical strategies used to justify policies of exclusion in the name of national safety and identity. The identification of a specific lexicon offers insights into Trump’s metaphors, examined from the perspective of the conceptual blending theory suggested by Charteris-Black (2018) and developed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002). The analysis of linguistic and rhetorical elements builds on Wodak’s (2011) theories of discursive strategies to determine how Trump frames American society in dichotomic terms (Fairclough 2003).
Finally, the study aims to demonstrate that, in spite of the tycoon’s replication of many rhetorical and linguistic strategies from his first campaign, his ‘bombastic’ 2024 campaign enabled him to gain momentum as a political celebrity and to be regarded as the forerunner of a return to the golden age
Martin Luther King Jr. Ribelle nonviolento. Gabriella Lavina
No full text-Recensione de Martin Luther King Jr. Ribelle nonviolento di Gabriella Lavina
Il Congresso di Verona del 1822: l’Italia della Restaurazione e l’Europa delle grandi potenze
No full textRiassunto: Il saggio inquadra il Congresso di Verona del 1822 sullo sfondo della diplomazia europea dell’età della Restaurazione all’indomani dei moti liberali e indipendentisti del 1820 e 1821 e prende in esame anche l’impatto del Congresso sulla città.
Abstract: The essay places the 1822 Congress of Verona against the backdrop of European diplomacy in the Restoration period in the aftermath of the liberal and independence uprisings of 1820 and 1821, and also examines the impact of the Congress on the city.
Parole chiave: Restaurazione, Risorgimento, Congresso di Verona, diplomazia europea, moti liberali, Metternich
Key words: Restoration, Risorgimento, Congress of Verona, European Diplomacy, Liberal Movements, Metternic