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BOOK REVIEW: Joseph R.A. Ayee; Lloyd G.A. Amoah & Seidu M. Alidu, Political Institutions, Party Politics and Communication in Ghana: Three Decades of the Fourth Republic. Palgrave Macmillan, Switzerland, 2024. 307 pages, ISBN 978-3-031-54743-0
Full text linkGhana, a former British colony that became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to achieve self-autonomy on March 6, 1957, holds a particularly special place in the world's and Africa's practice of democracy and good governance. Evidently, Ghana has had a turbulent but admirably tried and tested historical trajectory, having transitioned from colonial rule through military dictatorship to a constitutional democracy, which was solidified with the adoption of the 1992 Constitution. With evidence of 9 successful elections and 5 presidents elected in 33 years, it is unsurprising that Ghana has earned enviable credentials from governance rating agencies like Transparency International and the Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Despite the glowing tributes and monumental gains in governance, its democratic experimentation has not been seamless. In recent years, it has erupted practical challenges which have worsened, particularly under the fourth republic, necessitating the need to interrogate the situation and, in Arkorful's (2023a) words, identify the "torn ligaments and sinews" for "stitching"
The Impact of Mobile Telecommunications on Economic Growth in Tanzania.
Full text linkThe advancements in the mobile telecommunication industry transform communications-aligned devices into service delivery mechanisms. In Tanzania, telecommunication developments led to an abrupt increase in the number of subscribers and telecommunications expenditures. Despite the increase in the number of subscribers and expenditures in mobile telecommunications services, there is limited information on their contributions to economic growth in Tanzania. This study examined the impact played by mobile telecommunications services on the economic growth of Tanzania. The work centred on appraising the effects of mobile voice call, text message, internet and mobile money services on the growth of GDP per capita of Tanzania. Time series data from 2014 to 2023 was employed. The endogenous growth framework through the macro production model examined the influence of variables. Micro telecommunications investment demand models are jointly estimated to control the reverse impact of economic growth. The results revealed that mobile voice calls, internet, and mobile money services contributed positively to the GDP per capita of Tanzania. To realise countrywide development, Tanzania should strengthen penetration of mobile voice calls, internet and mobile money services in rural areas. Thereafter, Tanzania should enhance implementations of the ICT policy to transform the country into ICT ICT-driven middle-income economy through telecommunications. Moreover, Tanzania should strategically improve mobile money services platforms as an effective roadmap to the cashless economy
Gross Domestic Product, Inflation, and Stock Market Performance. Does Board Financial Expertise Matter? Insights from Tanzania
Full text linkThis study examines the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation on stock market performance, as well as the moderating role of the financial expertise of the board of directors in Tanzania. The study employed system- and resource-based view theories and used a sample size comprising 384 observations from companies listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). Data covering the period from 2007 to 2022 were drawn from the audited financial statements of the listed entities, the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE), and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The Random Effects Model was employed, and the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) model was used for the robustness tests. The results indicate that GDP negatively affects stock market performance across all models. On the contrary, inflation has a strong positive effect on stock market performance in all models. Financial expertise has a positive and significant moderating effect on the connection between GDP and stock market performance, but not on the link between inflation and stock market performance. The findings of this study have managerial and policy implications
Mdhihiriko wa Anthroposenia katika Riwaya za Bustani ya Edeni na Vipuli vya Figo: Misukumo ya Tamaa na Ulofa
Full text linkMakala hii inahusu uchanganuzi wa namna anthroposenia inavyodhihirika katika riwaya mbili za Emmanuel Mbogo, Bustani ya Edeni na Vipuli vya Figo, kwa kujikita katika misukumo ya tamaa na ulofa. Kusudi la makala hii ni kujadili mchango wa binadamu katika kukuza anthroposenia kupitia tamaa na ulofa. Mtindo wa uchambuzi wa maandishi ya fasihi ulitumika katika ukusanyaji wa data. Ukusanyaji na uchanganuzi wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Uhakikimazingira iliyoasisiwa na Glotfelty & Fromm (1996). Nguzo zilizoongoza uchanganuzi huu ni binadamu dhidi ya maumbile, uwezo, na maendeleo endelevu. Kisha, data ilidondolewa kutoka kwenye riwaya mbili teule na kuchanganuliwa kupitia njia ya upekuzi-changanuzi wa maudhui kwa kuongozwa na nguzo tatu za Nadharia ya Uhakikimazingira. Hatimaye, ilidhihirika kuwa athari za viwanda vya kemikali katika uharibifu wa mazingira pamoja na tamaa na ulofa ni mazao ya shughuli za kila siku za binadamu katika kupalilia anthroposenia ulimwenguni. Makala hii imeonesha jinsi mtunzi, Mbogo, anavyotumia fasihi kuonya kuhusu madhara ya binadamu kwa mazingira, huku akihimiza mabadiliko ya mielekeo, mawazo na matendo kwa lengo la kuyahifadhi mazingira. Matokeo ya makala hii yanatoa mchango muhimu katika masuala ya kimazingira na maadili ya kisasa pamoja na kudhihirisha nafasi ya riwaya ya Kiswahili katika kuelezea na kupinga changamoto za anthroposenia
Leadership capacity and financial reporting quality in local government authorities: evidence from Tanzania
Full text linkThis study examines the connection between dimensions of leadership capacity and financial reporting quality in Tanzanian local government authorities. Primary data were collected from 126 local government authorities, involving 225 final accounts-accountants and internal auditors, using a survey instrument. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Results indicate that financial reporting quality in local government authorities is positively and significantly explained by accountability, rule-following, network governance, and political loyalty leadership. This study provides implications for restructuring policies and regulations related to the composition of the full council and its committees, by introducing professionalism, in order to separate political and financial reporting practices in local government authorities. Consequently, the quality of public sector financial reporting will be improved, and conducive environments for the delivery of social services among local government authorities will be assured due to the embrace of accountability, rule-following, and network governance leadership among local government authorities
Financial management practices and SME performance (2001–2023): a systematic mapping through bibliometric analysis
Full text linkResearch on financial management practices and performance of small and medium enterprises has experienced significant growth, with an annual publication increase of 14.61% over the past two decades. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 247 peer reviewed publications indexed in the Web of Science database, spanning the period from 2001 to 2023. The objective is to map publication trends, identify influential research constituents, examine collaboration networks, and highlight future research opportunities in the domains of financial management practices and small and medium enterprise performance. Through co-occurrence and co-citation analyses, the study identifies major research clusters centred on performance measurement, financial reporting, innovation, and sustainability. Notably, there is an increasing integration of non-financial dimensions such as corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability into traditional financial performance metrics. Spain, Malaysia, and China emerge as key contributors to scholarly output and collaboration. Future research directions include the development of industry specific financial management practices frameworks, a deeper exploration of financial technology applications, and bridging the gap between academic theory and the practice of small and medium enterprises. This review contributes to a clearer understanding of the evolving intellectual landscape and provides a valuable reference point for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners supporting small and medium enterprises
Residual Liability in Tanzania’s Offshore Upstream Petroleum Operations: The Legal Framework
Full text linkDecommissioning of offshore upstream petroleum installations presents challenges related to residual liability and protection of the marine environment. This article examines the laws governing abandoned offshore upstream petroleum installations, aiming to unravel the complexities surrounding residual liability to unlock the ocean’s future. It adopts the view that although decommissioning is governed by the international legal regime, residual liability is left to the national legal regime. The article appraises Tanzania’s legal regime as a critical aspect to determine the extent to which residual liability is taken care of in offshore upstream petroleum operations. The article appreciates the milestone Tanzania has gone by including residual liability as a post-decommissioning aspect in upstream petroleum operations. Through a combination of desktop research and semi-structured interviews, the study reveals the glaring gaps and weaknesses in the existing legal framework, specifically regarding the protection of marine resources and the environmental impact of abandoned offshore infrastructure. The article further sheds light on the urgent need for robust regulations and guidelines to effectively address these critical shortcomings. It finally concludes that a comprehensive and proactive approach is crucial in addressing residual liability, including adopting clear regulations and guidelines governing decommissioning in upstream petroleum operations
The Transformative Impact of Village Community Banks on Tanzanian Households: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis.
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of Village Community Banks (VICOBA) on household welfare in Kilosa District, Tanzania. While VICOBA is recognized for improving livelihoods, concerns remain about its effectiveness on the welfare outcome of the participants. Using data from a randomly selected sample of 99 VICOBA members and 203 non-members, the research employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) methods to control for observable and unobservable selection bias to examine the impacts of VICOBA membership on welfare status of the households in Tanzania. Results showed a significant positive effect of VICOBA membership on household consumption, a key welfare indicator, with a 1% significance level. The ESR analysis confirmed these findings. The study concludes that VICOBA membership statistically and positively improve household welfare and recommends that policymakers enhance operational systems and regulatory frameworks to better integrate these community banks into local development initiatives
Uchambuzi wa Mbinu za Ukwezwaji wa Wahusika wa Riwaya Pendwa ya Kiswahili: Mifano kutoka Riwaya ya Njama na Kamata au Ua:
Full text linkMakala hii inachambua mbinu za ukwezwaji wa wahusika wa riwaya pendwa za Kiswahili. Ukwezwaji wa wahusika unajadiliwa kama mojawapo ya sifa bainifu za riwaya pendwa. Sifa hii inamaanisha kitendo cha kukipa kitu au mtu uwezo wa kiwango cha juu unaomwezesha kufanya jambo katika namna isiyo ya kawaida. Utafiti unaoripotiwa katika makala hii uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Umuundo inayojihusisha na suala la mjengeko wa matini (za kifasihi na zisizo za kifasihi). Data zilipatikana kwa njia ya kuchambua riwaya mbili zilizoteuliwa kimakusudi. Riwaya hizo ni Njama (1981) na Kamata au Ua (2020). Mbinu za ukwezwaji wa wahusika zilizobainika kutumiwa na waandishi wa riwaya teule ni: kuwavisha silika ya usangwini, kutumia sadfa, kuwavisha ujuzi wa juu wa kupigana, kuwapa uwezo mkubwa wa kufikiri, na kuwapa ujuzi wa hali ya juu wa kutumia teknolojia. Makala inapendekeza kuwa tafiti zingine zifanywe kuhusiana na vipengele vingine vya riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili kama vile naratolojia, yaani sayansi ya usimulizi wa vitushi vya riwaya
Law and Morality: Perspective from Yoruba Cultural Jurisprudence
Full text linkWestern jurisprudence is replete with several but seasoned debates concerning what the precise relationship is between law and morality. In those discussions, durable notes and deeds of intellectual antagonisms exist between legal naturalism that affirms a relationship of inseparability and legal positivism that affirms a relationship of separation. Given these hordes of controversial conversations, the objective of this paper consists of establishing the contribution that Yoruba cultural jurisprudence, a non-western narrative, presents concerning this substantive but serious and significant subject matter of mainstream, conventional and orthodox jurisprudence. The methodology adopted in this paper consists of textual analysis, hermeneutical reflection and philosophical argumentation. The paper findings show that law-morality relationship represents something controversial in jurisprudence thereby necessitating revisions away from the existing narrative. This necessity is informed by the availability of non-western narratives. The existing narratives in Yoruba jurisprudence, for example, did not assert but only assumed cultural bases concerning law-morality connection. A truly cultural base necessarily affirms a conceptual complementary connection between law and morality. The endorsement of a conceptual complementary connection within Yoruba cultural jurisprudence suggests inseparability although both are not the same concepts. Moreover, Yoruba cultural practice of judicial cross-examination represents an illuminating and enlightened authentication of a conceptual complimentary connection between law and morality. The paper concludes that law and morality are products and properties of culture thereby necessitating the recourse towards a Yoruba cultural jurisprudence perspective