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Ethnic Conflict, Equity, and Sustainable Global Peace: An Interrogation of the Israeli-Palestinian Crisis
No full textEthnic equity remains a topical global phenomenon. It has therefore attracted the attention of scholars across academic spectrums and ideological persuasions. Scholars across disciplines have variously interrogated the phenomenon, albeit from different perspectives. In all these, one thing is certain, and that is the fact that ethnic conflicts have remained unabated and have almost become ubiquitous. And often, it exacerbates in a manner that constitutes a threat to global peace. Communities and regions across the globe grapple with ethnic related conflicts, though in different forms and degrees. This study interrogated the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and noted that despite the efforts of the United Nations to mitigate the occurrence of global crises, ethnic groups, driven by ethnic nationalism, have continued to push the global community to the precipice. The crisis in the Middle East has engendered an intractable humanitarian crisis and seems to be bringing today’s nuclear-driven world closer to World War III. The study adopted the qualitative method and relied on secondary and primary sources of data. For a theoretical background, the study adopted an eclectic theoretical approach by integrating the structural functional theory and the frustration-aggression theory to analyze the Israeli-Palestine ethnic conflict. The study interrogated the historical roots of the Israel-Palestine conflict and demonstrated how ethnic conflicts could mutate and spill over. The study found that beyond territorial contestation and equality of access to opportunities, the distinct and peculiar nature of ethnic crises has made a one-size-fits-all solution impotent. In conclusion, the study, amongst other things, suggested ethnic equity as a way out, and provided policy direction to the United Nations, sovereign states, and related global stakeholders and groups. Ethnic equity in the context of the study speaks to social, economic, and political equity
Political Culture and Democracy in Nigeria
No full textThis paper understudies the importance of political culture and its effects on democracy in Nigeria. The study was achieved by examining the core issues surrounding democracy in Nigeria, such as ethno-religious gimmicks, patrimonialism, and godfatherism, which hindered the realization of core democratic values like liberty, justice, and equality. The qualitative research design is adopted for this study, leveraging secondary sources of data generated from academic Journal articles, periodicals and media accounts. Content and thematic analysis is adopted for effective analysis of this qualitative data. All these were considered based on the objective of the study, which seeks to evaluate the nature and effects of the Nigerian political culture on its democracy. It also aims at establishing the role of political culture in strengthening democracy in Nigeria. The findings of this study revealed that the political culture in Nigeria is characterized by interests, such as tribalism; ethnicity and religiosity, while the democratic process is marred by persistent challenges which include: unlawful use of security personnel by politicians; electoral officials often use their positions to serve personal or political interest. The finding also reveals that corruption; lack of accountability, injustice prevalent during electoral tribunals and poor coordination, together with fragmentation erodes public trust, discourages political participation and support for the implementation of reforms. Based on the results obtained this paper makes recommendations for policy makers, practitioners and the academia
Digital Economy and Nigeria’s National Security
No full textThis paper sets out to examine the role of Digital Economy on Nigeria’s national security. Over the years, Nigeria has experienced a significant transformation in the Digital Economy, with the growth of e-commerce, fintech, and other digital innovations. While this transformation has brought economic benefits to the country, it has also brought about new security challenges. The paper adopted a qualitative research methodology to examine the interplay between the Digital Economy and Nigeria’s national security. Data collection relied on secondary sources, including academic journals, government publications, policy documents, and reports from reputable institutions. The paper argued that the digital economy and national security are interdependent and that one cannot be achieved without the other. It explores the various threats posed by the digital economy to national security, including cybercrime, terrorism, and political instabilities. Furthermore, the paper highlights the steps to be taken by the government to address these threats and promote a secure digital economy. The paper concludes that the digital economy can contribute significantly to Nigeria's national security if it is harnessed responsibly
Privatised Statehood and the Paradox of Counterterrorism in Nigeria: A Political Economy Perspective
No full textHow does the privatisation of the Nigerian State undermine its capacity to combat terrorism? This paper is developed to answer this question. Using the political economy perspective, it interrogates the paradoxical relationship between state privatisation and counterterrorism effectiveness in Nigeria. Anchored in literature that critiques the Nigerian State's failure to achieve autonomy from elite capture, the analysis identifies privatisation as manifesting through ethnicised political domination, patronage-based governance, systemic corruption, and the militarisation of electoral politics. These dynamics have commodified violence, entrenched inter-ethnic rivalries, and subordinated the public good to narrow elite interests. The resultant governance vacuum and socioeconomic marginalisation create structural conditions conducive to terrorism, while simultaneously weakening institutional mechanisms for counterterrorism. The paper argues that counterterrorism strategies in Nigeria will remain compromised as long as the State is privatised. It concludes by advocating for comprehensive state reform aimed at restoring public accountability and reorienting the State toward the pursuit of collective security
REMITTANCES FINANCIAL DEEPENING AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
No full textDespite the increasing importance of remittances in total international capital flows, the relationship between remittances and growth has not been adequately studied. This study tests the hypothesis whether remittances affect growth, in particular how domestic credit to private sector development influences a country’s capacity to take advantage of remittances in Nigeria. Using unit root, co integration tests and the Error Correction (ECM) methodology, estimates suggest that remittances have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The interacting relationship of remittances with a financial deepening variable reveals that these two variables are complement and, moreover, that the impact of remittances is more pronounced within a functional financial deepening variable. The study recommends that more appropriate macroeconomic framework should be developed to assist in improving its financial development and create appropriate infrastructure to complement investments out of remittances
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MARKETING PROBLEMS AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA: THE STUDY OF IRISH POTATO MARKETING IN PLATEAU STATE.
No full textThis paper looks at the problem of food marketing as a necessary ingredient in achieving food security in Nigeria, using Irish Potato marketing in plateau State as a case study. To achieve this objective, primary data was collected during the 2011 farming season from two hundred food marketers consisting of sixty wholesalers and one hundred and forty retailers spread across six local government areas of the state, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that middlemen make more returns compared to farmers’ returns and that insecurity of lives and property arising from religious crises in the study area has the highest negative effects on food marketing. Hence, the paper calls for government intervention, the organized private sector and other capable individuals to assist in finding lasting solution
to the problems identified in the study so as to assist Nigeria achieve the vision of food security
An Assessment of the Influence of Passive Cooling Strategies on Level of Thermal Comfort in Selected Office Buildings in Abuja, Nigeria
No full textBuildings contribute significantly to global energy consumption, with cooling needs forming a substantial part of this demand. Passive cooling techniques present an energy-efficient alternative, promoting occupant comfort while reducing energy costs. This study analyzed the influence of passive cooling strategies on thermal comfort within office buildings in Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, it evaluated current practices, analyzed implementation patterns, and provided recommendations for improved adoption. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving data collection through questionnaires distributed to 73 participants across three office buildings, with a response rate of 90%. The data, analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, revealed that most respondents (69.7%) reported discomfort. Regression analysis identified 15 significant factors affecting thermal comfort, including operable windows, courtyards, and window-to-wall area ratios, which had positive effects, while factors such as external insulation and vertical air shafts negatively impacted comfort. These findings offer insights into designing more sustainable and energy-efficient office environments, ultimately enhancing occupant well-being and productivity
Paths to Mixed-Function for Sustainable Development of Peri-Urban Settlement of Kabuga Kano, Nigeria.
No full textOver the past years Kano metropolis and it peri-urban settlement has constantly being urbanized with path to mixed-functions development of emerging high density vertical architecture of public buildings which by location has enhance and induce proper sustainable urban smart growth and renewal that has taken the center stage to improvement of the socio-economic activities of the built environment at the detriment of land-use conversion as a consequence of urban planning. The paper aimed at assessing mixed-function development in Kabuga and its peri-urban fringe environs. The study comprised of two stages- the first phase collected data from respondents using questionnaires to rate their level of satisfaction with key aspects of the predominance conversion of mixed-function development types, direction of predominant development conversion and implication, while the second phase collected data based on non-participant observation schedule and several field survey that dwelt on the appraisal of the effectiveness of mixed- function development. Data were collected and analyses using descriptive and inferential statistics and were presented. using mean weighted score (MWS) as an indicator and scoring system criteria derived based on likert –type scale 1-5 to measured respondent’s degree of satisfaction significance and standard deviation (STD) rank on their Relative Importance Index (RII). The study concludes by recommending ways to ensure orderly development of the study area in order to sustain and improve its serviceability that will enhance effective development mechanism and eventually create a conducive living, working and recreating and environment
EVALUATING THE ADEQUACY OF COMMODITIES PROVIDED TO INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
No full textInternally displaced persons (IDPs) in North Central Nigeria continues to experience humanitarian adversity, such as limited access to basic commodities. This research assessed the sufficiency of commodities distributed to address the needs of IDPs in chosen camps in the region. The main aims are to determine the nature and level of commodities distributed, establish gaps compared to international humanitarian standards, and investigate the views of IDPs on the sufficiency and appropriateness of aid they have received. A mixed-methods design was used, pairing quantitative surveys of 400 IDPs in five large camps with qualitative interviews with camp officials and aid workers. Commodities examined included food, shelter materials, water, sanitation items, and healthcare services. Data were examined through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Major findings are that although food and non-food items are distributed on a regular basis, there are serious shortfalls in quality, quantity, and frequency. Inadequate dietary diversity, water shortages, and congestion in temporary shelters are reported by many IDPs. Distribution channels are often marred by logistic delays, and health services continue to be limited, subjecting IDPs to increased threats of disease outbreaks and malnutrition. The research found that existing commodity supply was below the minimum levels needed for dignity and well-being in IDPs. The study recommended that for more effective coordination among relief agencies, government investment in sustainable supply chains, and priority interventions in water, nutrition, and health infrastructure. It also emphasized the need for strong feedback systems with IDP communities to ensure aid relevance as needs change over time
Party Politics and National Integration in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
No full textThis paper recognizes that political parties are agents of interest aggregation, and argues that the Nigerian party should be such that offers a platform for the intercourse of interests, out of which, interest aggregation could occur, particularly, on the ways that the structure and process of governance in the country could lead to national integration. Intra-party politics would then become the articulation of positions by members and the competition among these positions on the issues of national integration, leading to the aggregation of particular positions by each party on the diverse issues confronting the nation at any period. Inter-party politics then becomes the competition among the parties over which of their positions will become the basis of governance and policy for the purpose of national integration in the country. Unfortunately as the paper observes, this is not the situation in Nigeria. Using qualitative methodology, the paper finds that instead, party politics has not been the platform for interest aggregation but rather one for interest disarticulation, and has as such, continued to promote national disharmony and aggravate conflicts and crises in the country. The paper recommends that the political party as well as party politics in Nigeria must be restructured such that both can serve as agents of achieving and consolidating unity in diversity and contribute to the resolution of the numerous challenges of national integration in the country