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Radiation dose Tracking in Digital Mammography: Evaluation of Population Profiles Through Automatic Data Extraction from the DICOM Header
Get PDFInternational regulatory organizations for quality control of X-ray systems, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), have implemented protocols for acceptance testing of digital mammography and breast tomosyn thesis equipment, aiming to establish quality standards in radiology services. However, these guidelines are usually based on tests with breast phantoms with standardized thicknesses and compositions, often not representative of the patient population profiles at those services. In a prior study, we developed a computational system designed to automatically tracking and managing data extracted from the image acquisition processes of digital mammography and breast tomosyn thesis, stored on a DICOM SCP (Service Class Provider) server. This approach enables obtaining technical reports characterizing exposure parameters and tests have shown that the reference levels outlined in international standards for breast composition and radiation dose do not accurately reflect the characteristics of the actual patient population. Thus this study describes data collection and corresponding analysis for the dose tracking process primarily on three digital mammography systems of different radiological services. Extensive image datasets from these systems were obtained using a new application described previously, with a focus on dose profiles generated during exposures. Graphical representations resulting from the datasets are presented, along with analysis of skin entrance and mean glandular doses distributions, average kV and mAs applied during the exams together with the target/filter combinations, radiographic density distributions, as well as the age and breast thickness characteristic of the respective population submitted to exposures in each of those mammography services. Additionally, the extent of information and ease of acquisition provided by the tool for performance evaluation of digital mammography services is discussed
Scent Marking of Home Ranges in the Different Generations of the Siberian Musk Deer Moschusmoschiferus L. 1757 Meaning of Caudal Glands
Get PDFIn a key plot in the coniferous mountain forest of the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve, we studied the structure of the musk deer grouping, the distribution of scent marks by the excretion of the male caudal glands (MGC) in home ranges in winter seasons of 1977–1977 and 2003–2004. We used the method of tracking multi-days of individually identifiable, accustomed to the observer, musk deer specimens. The data indicate significant similarities in male movement, location of home ranges, activity cores, and main marking areas for generations of musk deer separated by a time interval of almost 30 years, which is typical under relatively stable environmental conditions. The features and correlations in the distribution of scent marks in the centers of activity of the male home ranges were determined. Neighboring males formed communication zones between home ranges, usually with an increased frequency of marking and often with a high scent marks density. These zones also have the meaning of "soft" barriers. However, there was no direct relationship between the indices of frequency and density of marks. In the case of visits of neighbors, significant marks densities were located in the cores of the home ranges activity. Some redundancy in the number of marking means is probably associated with the individualization of the territory and with possible changes in the composition and structure of the grouping. MGC marking is part of a general behavioral stereotype that determines the adaptive dispersal of individuals in an association according to environmental conditions. It is effective for stabilizing the grouping structure, including in the process of the generation change, for regulation of the males distribution and it indirectly consistent with the females distribution
European Innovation Policies and Innovation Systems: A Literature Review
Get PDFThis article recognizes the stages of the evolution of the European Union’s innovation policy, exposes which frameworks are applied in research on EU innovation policies, and presents a literature review on the subject within the new institutionalism and the innovation systems approach. The methodology encompassed qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, bibliographic, and documentary research. An overview of the literature is presented, particularly examining theories and models on innovation developed from the late1980s and early 1990s when the study of institutional systems and networks became more common. The literature on innovation can elucidate how it emerges, bringing a greater understanding of this phenomenon and, thus, a greater ability to find legal mechanisms for regulation and designs for its promotion. This study seeks to identify the research trends and examines the explanatory power of the systemic approach. It points out a gap in the literature, proposing an interdisciplinary research agenda that combines legal knowledge and the systemic approach
The Haitian Neoliberal State
Get PDFThis work attempts to understand the contemporary Haitian state, which is a paragon of the neoliberal state model. Haiti’s neoliberal state is a colonial state impoverished to serve American global capitalist hegemony under the auspices of a Haitian comprador bourgeoisie composed of professionals, managers, intellectuals, and business elites in Haiti and the diaspora. However, unlike Chile, which the West points to as the success of the neoliberal process, Haiti’s model is a complete failure, similar to the attempt to neoliberalize Russia post the fall of the Soviet Union. Whereas Russia, under Vladimir Putin, was able to combat the deleterious effects of the neoliberal process, Haiti is unable to do so. The work posits that Haiti’s failures rest on its colonial experiences under mercantilist and liberal capitalism and the embourgeoisement of its population on the island and the diaspora
The Deontologics of the Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology Revisited
Get PDFTodos sabemos cuál es el objetivo de la ciencia, o al menos, tenemos una idea abstracta de cuáles son los objetivos y las intenciones de la ciencia. Sin embargo, en este mundo del capitalismo tardío en el que vivimos, nos encontramos con la problemática de que hay compañías editoriales se dedican a exprimir económicamente a los autores a cambio de publicaciones que luego no va a leer nadie. Esta discusión, así muy por encima, no es nada mnueva, y creo que todos nos sabemos de lo que estoy hablando
Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Performances in Sri Lanka
Get PDFThis study measures the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the All-Share Price Index (ASPI) of the Colombo stock exchange in Sri Lanka. Monthly data collected from the CSE data library and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka publications from 2008 to 2020 were employed. The dependent variable is the All-Share Price Index (ASPI) and the independent macroeconomic variables are gross domestic production (GDP), interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, money supply, and reserve money. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was employed to test for stationarity and the results indicate that all the variables are integrated in the same order I (1).The co-integration analysis for the selected macroeconomic variables and ASPI were carried out to test for the existence of the long-run relationship and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The Johansen co-integration test and the VECM have been performed in this study. The multivariate regression analysis was performed using the selected six independent macroeconomic variables on ASPI and the parameters were estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results indicate that the selected economic variables have an overall impact on the ASPI of Sri Lanka. Interest rate, exchange rate, and money supply affected negatively on ASPI while gross domestic production, inflation rate, and reserve money reacted positively on the ASPI. The VECM shows that the GDP has had a significant impact on the growth of ASPI in the last two months. The results of the Granger Causality test indicate that the ASPI has a unidirectional causal relationship with the exchange rate, also the exchange rate and interest rate have a significant bidirectional causality on each other at 1% and 5% levels. Furthermore, the GDP has a unidirectional causal relationship with the interest rate as well as money supply has a unidirectional causal relationship with the exchange rate, and reserve money and money supply variables have a significant bidirectional causality with each other at 10% significance level. Finally, the study concluded that at 10% significance level, all the variables have a significant impact on the ASPI of Sri Lanka and the inflation rate has a comparatively higher effect on the ASPI
A Proposed Structure for the Egyptian Airspace: Optimizing Air Traffic Control, Workload and Safety
Get PDFThe Egyptian airspace is a crucial link between Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. With an average of over 1,000 daily flights, it is one of the busiest airspaces in the region. However, the current airspace structure and air traffic management system face significant challenges in meeting the growing demand for air travel, leading to congestion, delays, and safety concerns. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient and effective airspace structure to enhance air traffic management, workload and meet the future needs of the aviation industry
