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Decisions with Uncertainty using Deterministic Analysis
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to present a simple algorithm for the analysis of decisions with multiple objectives whose measures of effectiveness are random variables. This paper discusses the possibility of using the probability functions: uniform, normal, exponential, Cauchy, Chi-square, Erlang, Gamma, and Laplace. The algorithm, based on the concepts and methodology of Decision Theory, guides the analyst so that he can interact with the decision- maker. First, the analyst asks the decision-maker to define his objectives in the problem he is going to analyze, as well as the measures of effectiveness to evaluate its achievement. Then, he asks questions to the decision-maker to determine his type of behavior: aversion, proneness or neutrality to risk, for each measure of effectiveness. Next, for each of them, calculate its utility function. At that point, he asks the decision-maker to specify the alternatives to be analyzed with their probability function, their range, their mean, and standard deviation
Practical Screening Method for Cancer Gene Diagnosis, How to Choose Cancer and Normal Patients by Four Principles
Get PDFWe developed a new theory of discriminant analysis (Theory1). Physicians can use it for practical medical� diagnoses. Only Revised IP Optimal-LDF (RIP) obtains the minimum number of misclassification (MNM). RIP can� discriminate linearly separable data (LSD) theoretically. It discriminated against 169 microarrays with two classes and found� that 169 MNMs are zero and LSD. It can split high-dimensional arrays into many small LSD with less than n (patient�s� number) genes that are the candidates of multivariate oncogenes. We completed a new theory of high-dimensional gene data� analysis (Theory2). A 100-fold Cross-Validation (Method1) can rank all candidates for the importance of diagnosis. Thus, if� physicians firstly use Theory2 as the screening method, they can start their medical studies with the correct small sizes of� candidates. This paper analyzes four arrays in detail and proposes correctly choosing cancer and normal patients using four� principles.
Artificial Intelligence and the Challenges of Copyright Protection Systems in Search of Common Norms
Get PDFThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the production of creative works presents significant challenges to the existing frameworks of copyright law. With AI\u27s increasing autonomy in creative processes, traditional notions of authorship and originality are under scrutiny, necessitating a reevaluation of copyright protections. The paper proposes an evolved copyright framework that distinguishes between AI-assisted and AI-autonomous creations, suggesting clear guidelines for AI authorship and recommending the establishment of a specific copyright category for AI-generated works. This category would adjust protection levels and terms to reflect the unique nature of these works while ensuring that human creativity remains incentivized. The proposed framework aims to recalibrate copyright law to ensure the protection of human creators\u27 rights while acknowledging AI\u27s innovative contributions. This focused approach underscores the need for copyright law to adapt to technological advances, ensuring that it continues to fulfill its role in promoting creativity and innovation
Gender-Related Pay Equity by State and Industry
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine whether there are differences in gender-related pay equity in the public sector, among states, and among industries in the United States. The study was conducted with archival data from The American Community Survey. Results of two one-way ANOVAs showed a significant difference in the gender-related pay equity among the 51 states (including D.C.), F(50, 1740) = 1.69, p = 0.019, and among the five major industries, F(4, 1735) = 17.00, p < 0.01. These empirical findings provide a basis for the development of policies needed to address pay inequity
The Productions of the Subjectivities of Being a Woman in the act of Living in the MST Camp on the Ipanema Farm in Iper????, Brazil
Get PDFA Brief Introduction to Bernard Lonergan’s Economics as a Science
Get PDFRegarding current economic theory, which has been focused on modelling for decades; are models empirical? Science is normatively considered to be explanatory thought combining both classical and statistical methods, beyond description, which begins with the data of the actual activity, in this case, economic activity and not imagined models. Bernard Lonergan�s analysis is empirical in that it begins with the data of actual economic activity. (Lonergan, 1998) By distinguishing between what he called the surplus production circuit, which produces goods and services which are sold and used in further production, and the basic production circuit which delivers goods and services for consumption into the standard of living, and then by working out the functions, variables and relations between these two circuits, he established a heuristic standard model for both micro and macroeconomics. Schumpeter (1954, 1160) and others such as Kalecki (1990, 23) were aware of the two circuits and Schumpeter believed that a serious explanatory analysis of the two circuits was required but neither he nor any economists took up the task.
Investigating the Motivations Behind users\u27 Photo Sharing on Social Media
Get PDFSocial media platforms have transformed communication and interaction, leading to the trend of photo posting. This paper aims to develop and validate a research model examining the factors influencing user intention to post photos on social media and its impact on social commerce.This study integrates media functions and social processes to create a comprehensive research model, exploring social presence, media richness, use and gratification, self-disclosure, and boast motive as key elements shaping user behavior on social media.Data was collected through a survey of social media platform users to measure the constructs within the research model. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS to validate the model and examine relationships between the constructs.The study provided empirical evidence supporting the research model, highlighting the significant influence of social presence, media richness, use and gratification, self-disclosure, and boast motive on photo posting intention.The study offers insights for e-commerce and social media research, guiding effective marketing strategies and user engagement tactics. It also provides social media managers and marketers a framework to enhance user engagement and loyalty by understanding user motivations and preferences
Chemical Constitution and Bioactivity of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of Tapirira Guianensis Aubl
Get PDFVariations in the Composition of the Rotador Cuff Muscles Literature Review
Get PDFThe literature review of the present study demonstrated that the rotator cuff muscle group is composed of a complex architecture that is still difficult to understand in its entirety. By analyzing articles preferably from the last five years, we concluded that all four muscles can have anatomical variations ranging from the absence of multiple bellies to the presence of multiple bellies. Unlike what the classical literature cites as the rotator cuff being composed of muscles from only one belly, we conclude that all four muscles can have anatomical variations ranging from the absence of to the presence of multiple belly and muscle fusions. This is extremely important in the surgical planning of this region, aiming at its integral composition and possible variations
