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Refurbishment and Conversion to Pumped/Storage Systems of Hydroelectric Power Plants in C????ba (Argentina)
Full text linkThis research presents a comprehensive methodology for the technical and environmental assessment of the refurbishment and modernization of existing hydroelectric plants in the province of C�rdoba (Argentina) to use pumped storage hydropower (PSH) systems. The study is based on leveraging existing civil infrastructure, with the goal of minimizing environmental impacts, optimizing economic resources, and improving provincial energy management.
The proposed methodology combines technical, hydrological, environmental, and water resource management criteria to prioritize sites with high conversion feasibility. Of the total number of plants analyzed, four were identified as having favorable conditions: Fitz Simon, Cassaffousth, Los Molinos I, and La Vi�a. Field campaigns and specific analyses were subsequently conducted to assess the technical and operational feasibility of their refurbishment and modernization. The results show that the selected plants have high potential to operate with pumped storage energy storage schemes, contributing to the integration of intermittent renewable energy and strengthening the provincial electricity grid.
The case of the La Vi�a Power Plant is presented in detail, given its current modernization process, highlighting the technical and economic opportunity of incorporating the reversible pumping function simultaneously with the equipment upgrade
Facilitating Gender based Travel and Tourism: A Prospective Approach to AI-Powered Medical Travel
Full text linkEffectively reducing the possible hazards connected with the facilitation of gender medical travel and tourism is the advancement of the artificial intelligence health system. The AI enhancement is to monitor and include the characteristics of medical journey from the initial location to the destination for treatment. Using a quantitative research technique (a survey research instrument and a PLS-SEM model), the study aims to enhance AI health systems to facilitate medical travel and tourism. 379 responders, including medical professionals, tourist experts, gender experts, and interested thinkers in AI health and technology, provided the data. According to the study findings, the AI health system of medical travel and tourism has significantly improved as a result of international medical legislation, cultural differences, safe medical destinations, and extended medical travel for gender people. In indicating AI while preserving the dignity of the holy site or the trip, the study raises the particular attention that religious travellers with gender based�medical issues. Future research may concentrate on the expanded function of AI with particular emphasis to guarantee the honour and respect of the tourist location. For the best results from a reputable and secure gender vacation location, it is advised that AI deployment in the health system be centralized
Study on Well-Being in Bolívar State What Life is Like in Bolívar State
Full text linkThe development model implemented in Guayana, based on industrialization and the exploitation of natural resources, has entered a deep crisis. Changes in the economic and political context, along with the implementation of new strategies such as the Orinoco Mining Arc, have generated a series of social and environmental problems that require urgent attention. In light of these issues and the absence of official data reflecting the well-being or distress of the inhabitants of Bol�var state, a study on well-being in the region was conducted from a local perspective, considering inequalities and living conditions of the population.
This project adopts an approach that integrates individuals\u27 material living conditions and their satisfaction with those conditions in order to calculate the well-being index. The objective is to share information that can guide the design of public policies that address the real needs of Bol�var state�s society. The inclusion of a subjective dimension in the applied survey allowed the results to reflect the necessity of recognizing that each individual values quality of life from their own perspective and that their individual capacities and opportunities influence their perceptions.
The study aims to further explore disparities among the inhabitants by incorporating analyses of territorial, age, and gender inequalities. This study underscores the need for a more comprehensive and human-centered approach to regional development that considers the needs and aspirations of the local population
Evaluating the Liberia Revenue Code: A Strategic Framework for Combating Illicit Financial Flows and the Informal Sector
Full text linkThis paper critically examines the Liberia Revenue Code (LRC) for its efficiency in revenue� collection and its capacity to address illicit financial flows (IFFs) and the informal sector. It� explores how weaknesses in policy design, enforcement mechanisms, and institutional� capacity have limited the Code�s effectiveness in reversing revenue losses and expanding the� formal tax base. Drawing on relevant fiscal, legal, and economic literature as well as practical� developments within the Liberian context, the analysis demonstrates that while the LRC� provides a foundational tax framework, it lacks the structural provisions to effectively� combat the twin challenges of IFFs and informality. The proliferation of unregulated financial� activities and informal enterprises continues to erode Liberia�s tax base, undermining efforts� to achieve economic stability, equity, and development. The paper calls for the development� and implementation of a national strategy anchored on empirical research, institutional� strengthening, legal reforms, and digital innovations to ensure greater fiscal sustainability,� improved compliance, and a formalized economic environment conducive to national� development. It argues that without strategic intervention, the fiscal cost of these phenomena� will continue to widen, and the state will remain handicapped in delivering on its� developmental mandate.
Interaction of Rationality of Economic Behavior and Ethnic Preferences in the of Latvia
Full text linkSociological research aimed to understand the extent to which the values and norms of the practiced organizational culture adopted at the enterprises/organizations of Latvia are shared by economic actors as rational ways of organizing the economic space, forming solidary relations within the teams of the enterprises, regardless of the ethnic origin and ethnocultural identity of these actors. It was necessary to understand whether there are limitations in the universality of these rational rules, which are somehow connected with the ethno-cultural identity of economic actors. This is important also because the author of the article in his previous sociological study established the fact of the presence of ethnic favoritism in the economic life of Latvia. The sociological research was organized within the framework of the State research program "Vectors of social cohesion: from cohesion around the state-nation (2012-2018) to a cohesive civil community for the security of the state, society and individuals (2024-2025)" (No. VPP-KM-SPASA-2023/1-0002) in 2025, January 6-15. Conducting an online survey on employee cohesion in economic activity in the target group of Latvian employed persons � employees and employers. The total sample in the survey n=1008. The sample was formed according to gender, age and place of residence quotas. Most of the organizational culture parameters of Latvians and ethnic minorities that concern them coincide, which indicates a high degree of integration of these population groups into common values ??and norms determined by the economic space in Latvia. However, the content of these organizational cultural features of the Latvian population is related to their attitude towards values ??that are oriented towards achieving goals, which are determined by the very nature of the economic and production tasks of the enterprise and the organization. In situations that actualize their national and ethnic identity values ??in the business and interpersonal communication of employees, ethnic differences arise in the understanding of the existing organizational cultural practices. At the same time, the study revealed that the greatest differences in terms of organizational cultural values ??and norms, existing management practices in organizations and enterprises are related to the level of education of the respondents, gender differences and areas of professional employment
Unclear and Uncertainty: A comparative Analysis of the Somali Petroleum Authority and Global Petroleum Regulatory
Full text linkThis paper critically evaluates the institutional effectiveness and limited operational mandate of the Somali Petroleum Authority (SPA) in the governance of Somalia�s emerging oil and gas sector. Although Somalia holds significant hydrocarbon potential, capturing these economic opportunities requires a transparent regulatory framework and competent oversight institutions. The 2020 Petroleum Law assigns the SPA key responsibilities, including license administration, compliance enforcement, and oversight of upstream activities. However, the Authority has struggled to execute these functions, resulting in diminished transparency and slow sectoral progress.
Using a qualitative, comparative case study methodology, the research analyzes legal provisions, institutional documentation, and academic sources to examine the SPA�s designated functions and assess whether its shortcomings arise from legislative constraints, weak implementation, or authority overlap�particularly with the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. Comparative insights from established regulatory models in Ghana and Uganda provide contextual benchmarks.
Findings indicate that, despite a seemingly comprehensive legal mandate, the SPA�s effectiveness is undermined by ambiguous institutional arrangements and overlapping responsibilities. This dysfunction has contributed to opaque licensing practices, inadequate contract monitoring, and weak enforcement of due diligence requirements, including the failure to revoke non-compliant agreements. Such governance deficiencies risk deterring investment, eroding public trust, and compromising sustainable resource management
Marketing Metamorphosis: Bridging Traditional and Digital Sales Strategies in the Tech-Driven Age
Full text linkFrom the billboard to the byte, from the handshake to the hyperlink, marketing has changed drastically in the vast theater of 21st-century business. This research article explores the dynamic juxtaposition and convergence of conventional and digital marketing and sales techniques, therefore highlighting the tectonic changes in customer involvement, campaign orchestration, and technology mediation. Influencer marketing, CRM automation, and influencer marketing as business ecosystems migrate from the analog inertia of print advertisements and field sales into the turbulent digital storm of AI-driven analytics necessitate not just adaptation but also change from the toolset perspective. This study seeks to outline the philosophical undercurrents, historical background, and technical progress that have collectively rewritten the marketing playbook, therefore acting as a compass for contemporary professionals�an intellectual ready reckoner.
In its golden age, traditional marketing depended on wide brushstrokes�mass communications across stationary media like print, radio, and television. Designed to mesmerize the collective consciousness, the campaign was monologic, one-directional. Newspapers column inches, the famous tagline, the television jingle�they were the currency of credibility. Their philosophy rested on emotional resonance, persuasion, and aspirational identity. These approaches were sometimes castles constructed on sand�grand in intention but precarious in responsibility�limited capacity for feedback, and measures based more on intuition than evidence.
Now enter the digital era, and the marketing landscape changed like molten lava cooling into fresh lines. Digital marketing presented to the customer a mirror�responsive, reflecting, and sharp. The traditional marketing order was disrupted when email marketing, SEO, social media platforms, artificial intelligence-powered analytics, and real-time participation arose. From fixed broadcasts, campaigns changed into dynamic interactions in which algorithms whispered insights and milliseconds evaluated participation. The speech evolved into a discussion, the broad pitch gave way to micro-targeted narrative, and data helped to dethroness intuition.
By use of numerous axes�audience reach, cost structure, engagement philosophy, customization depth, communication dynamics, and technology enablers�this study explores the relative architecture of conventional and digital marketing. It compares the non-linear, convoluted buyer path of today with the once-linear sales funnel. From relationship-centric field sales to digitally fluid social selling, where artificial intelligence scores leads, chatbots foster interest, and predictive analytics anticipate customer needs even before they are expressed, the research questions this viewpoint.
Likewise important is the conceptual framework supporting this transformation of marketing. Rooted in a mass-psychology paradigm influenced by economic models of supply and demand, enhanced by cultural motifs, and driven by aspirational storylines, is traditional marketing. It grew best on monolithic branding and consistent message. Conversely, digital marketing comes out of the hyper-personalisation paradigm�nimble, fractal, and influenced by behavioral psychographics. Here, co-authored by people, carefully chosen in real-time, and sensitive to emotion, narrative is not a script but a mosaic.
From the post-industrial consumption boom to the aspirational consumer of the 20th century, this research also examines the financial, psychological, and sociological elements defining the roots of conventional marketing. It then graphs the emergence of digital disruptors, highlighting events such the release of Google AdWords, the climb of social media, and the inclusion of artificial intelligence into consumer service, content production, and campaign management. Every one of these developments is more of a jump into a marketing multiverse where the buyer\u27s path is nonlinear, multichannel, and always changing than a step forward.
A key part of the article examines how the digital revolution has caused a cognitive and operational rewiring of marketing strategy, therefore transcending simple tool or platform change. Data is now a real-time dashboard driving strategy, innovation, and budget allocation, not a retroactive report card. The article looks at how technologies such CRM systems, artificial intelligence-driven chatbots, AR/VR interfaces, and blockchain-based verification have changed the connection between marketer trust, immediacy, and immersion.
Likewise, the report emphasizes in certain situations�be it rural outreach, premium branding, or experiential campaigns�the ongoing importance of conventional marketing methods. Trade exhibits, direct mailings, in-person presentations, and brand jingles still have impact, particularly in areas or demographics where tactile confidence dominates digital dazzle. The study supports a hybrid paradigm, a symphonic mix in which digital rhythms of automation, scalability, and analytics harmonises with classical virtues of customization, believability, and human touch.
Furthermore, investigated in terms of sales architecture is this hybridisation. With its reliance on human intuition, relationship-building, and verbal persuasion, traditional field sales contrasts with the digital speed of social selling�where value propositions are algorithmically tailored, leads are scored by artificial intelligence, and customer relationships are managed through dashboards. The report suggests a confluence: a sales approach embracing the accuracy of tech-enabled interaction but keeping the subtlety of face-to--face persuasion.
Content ideation and narrative are yet another important question this study begs. Content in old marketing was static, defined by copywriters and distributed via set routes. Content in digital marketing is polyphonic, live, alive. Users create it; algorithms curate it; it runs on blogs and podcasts as well as on Twitter threads, TikHub reels. Now, tools like Canva, Figma, and Lumen5 enable even non-designers to create striking images and films, hence democratizing content production and blurring the line between producer and consumer.
This paper also looks at marketing as an open-ended experience ecosystem rather than as a closed-loop transaction. Omni-channel approaches, user-generated content, and influencer marketing are rewriting the brand-consumer relationship into a cooperative narrative in which relatability outshines glamor and authenticity overcomes perfection. This demands a change in perspective from campaign thinking to community development from ROI to resonance.
By combining these multifaceted concepts, the paper offers a complete framework for contemporary marketers�a pragmatic but philosophical manual that fits strategy with technology, creativity with data, and tradition with innovation. It exhorts marketers to become navigators of paradox: to honor heritage while embracing innovation, to tell tales while crunching figures, and to create connections in a society progressively mediated by code.
This study ultimately supports an adaptable, integrated marketing strategy wherein the canvas of tradition and the brushstrokes of innovation join together to create a masterwork of relevance, authenticity, and effect. In this age of marketing metamorphosis�where brands are both broadcasters and listeners, both symbols and influencers�the marketer is no more just a communicator but a mapper of meaning in a marketplace without boundaries
How to use Pathology among the Alternative and Natural Medicine Fields in the 21st Century
Full text linkOncology is the study of cancer cells. To understand oncology is to understand the biology of cells. To do this is to understand how the cells work. There are several ways to get to the right research: Next Generation Sequencing or (NGS) is a powerful tool used in genomics research. NGS can sequence millions of DNA fragments at once, providing detailed information about the structure of genomes, genetic variations, gene activity, and changes in gene behavior. Targeted therapies are a type of cancer treatment that targets proteins that control how cancer cells grow, divide, and spread. Personalized treatment is to provide help for the patient to deal with cancer issues
Assessment of Nurses Knowledge and Practice Regarding Intravenous Fluid Therapy on Adults in Orotta and Halibet National Referral Hospitals, Asmara, Eritrea, 2023
Full text linkIntroduction: Intravenous fluids are liquid substances that are administered in to the body�s circulatory system via a vein.� In hospitals intravenous therapy is the most common way of administration and providing fast and satisfying outcome. Nurses play important role in administering and managing IV therapy, however poor knowledge and practice of nurses can arise life threatening complications.���
Aim: �The aim of study is to assess nurses� knowledge and practice regarding IV fluids therapy in Orotta and Halibet National Referral Hospitals, Asmara, Eritrea.�
Methodology: Stratified random sampling was used to select the samples in this study. Each ward was taken us strata. Total sample size was 133. This research used a quantitative cross sectional analytical design. The data collection method was self-administered questionnaire and observational checklist. Data was analyzed by using SPSS (Version 26). Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were done as per the need of research objectives.�
Result: The result revealed that The mean (SD) of knowledge of the nurses on IV fluid was 62.29 (11.06) while that of practice was 60.03(11.95). The factors affecting knowledge and practice on IV fluid were determined using independent samples T-test and one way ANOVA. The knowledge score among nurses aged 25 or less was significantly higher than those nurses in the age group 26 or above (t-value=2.086, p=0.039). However, the categories of sex (p=0.149), years of experience (p=0.289), educational level (p=0.376), and further IV therapy training (p=0.915) did not have significantly different knowledge scores. On the other hand, females had significantly higher practice score as compared to males by an average of 5% (t=-1.979, p=0.049). Moreover, at least one of the categories of the educational level was found to have significantly different practice score (F=4.523, p=0.013). However, practice score across the various categories of age (p=0.116), years of experience (p=0.526), further IV therapy training (p=0.791) were not significantly different.�
Conclusion: Nursing practice related to the study concluded that the overall knowledge and practice of nurses has no significant correlation between knowledge and practice. Hence the fact that they have more knowledge does not guarantee more practice by the nurses. The knowledge score among nurses aged 25 or less was significantly higher than those nurses in the age group 26 or above. Therefore, efforts to transform nurses\u27 knowledge into practice is an important concern for educational and awareness programs to improve knowledge and practice changes in regard to IV Fluids Therapy.�
Implication to the field of nursing: - The research findings will enable the organization to develop and organize training programs by identifying the gaps in knowledge and practices of nurses towards IV Fluids Therapy. Efficient knowledge and good practices by the nurses can facilitate patient hospital staying and may contribute to decrease the rate complication IV Fluids Therapy. Moreover, the study results will help for the further research in nursing profession
Targeted Therapies and their Associated Molecular Alterations in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Full text linkRenal cell carcinoma, (RCC) the most prevalent of kidney cancers, is a relatively common cancer, constituting approximately 10% of all cancers in adults. Many molecular subtypes have been characterized for RCC, the most common being clear cell RCC, or ccRCC, which occurs in close to 75% of cases, and has a strong association with mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene [1]. ccRCC constitutes close to 80% of metastatic presentations. Histology shows acinar growth and clear cell cytology, surrounded by a rich vasculature. Having a strong association with mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, ccRCC exhibits loss of VHL gene by 3p chromosomal loss at the 3p25 locus. Another histologic subtype includes non clear cell renal cell carcinoma nccRCC. Somatic ccRCC is characterized by inactivation of the protein products of VHL (pVHL), which promotes transcription of genes implicated in tumor formation and growth [1].�
Localized and systemic therapies differ on the basis of clinical presentation such as primary or metastatic disease, and they can be administered in first-line or adjuvant settings. Before the advent of precision medicine, renal cell carcinoma was treated with non-specific immunomodulatory agent such as cytokines [2]. IL-2 and high-dose interferon-alpha (HD IFN-alpha) were� considered the treatment of choice for renal cell carcinoma due to the cancer�s predisposition for lack of sensitivity to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, however response was variable, with varying optimal effects and occurrence of toxicity. These treatments have been questioned due to data demonstrating that when these agents are administered in combination with VEGF targets, and they have shown less than ideal efficacy. Patients progressed on disease and were required to be followed up with systemic VEGFR targets in second line settings