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The Differences of Night Eating Syndrome, Sleeping Pattern, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Habit based on Metholic Type in Obese Students
Full text linkBackground: The prevalence of obesity in students is currently increasing and it can lead to� metabolic syndrome at such a young age. The habit of students who have bad sleeping pattern, night� eating syndrome, and excessive SSB consumption can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in� obese students.�
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze the differences of night eating syndrome,� sleeping pattern, and consumption habit of sugar-sweetened beverage based on metabolic types in� obese students.�
Method: The research was conducted in July-September 2020 with female students in Semarang� City as subjects. This research used a case-control design, as many as 52 subjects aged 19-24 years� were selected by consecutive sampling method. The collected data included: body weight using� digital scales, height using a microtoise, waist size using a medline, blood pressure using a� tensimeter, and a laboratory tests was conducted to check triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol,� fasting blood glucose, as well as insulin. The used instruments were The Night Eating Questioner� (NEQ) to assess the night eating syndrome, Pittsburg Sleep Quality (PSQI) to assess sleeping� pattern, and Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) to see the subject\u27s� consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage during the last one month. The data were analyzed using� Chi-Square test.�
Result: The research showed that majority of the subjects who experienced night eating syndrome� (46,2%) and bad sleeping pattern (61,5%) were subjects with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity� (MUO). Meanwhile, for sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Metabolically Healthy Obesity� (MHO) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) were still within the normal range (86,4%). A� difference between night eating syndrome (p=0,006) and sleeping pattern (p=0,012) on� Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) was also� observed.�
Conclusion: Students with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) type were experiencing more� night eating syndrome and bad sleeping pattern compared to the students with Metabolically Healthy� Obesity (MHO) type.
Phrenic Nerve Paralysis: Effects on Diaphragm Mobility
Full text linkPhrenic nerve paralysis is a severe clinical condition with significant repercussions on respiratory mechanics and patient quality of life. It results from the interruption of diaphragmatic innervation, compromising the physiology of the muscle, reducing pulmonary expansion, and leading to alveolar hypoventilation. The phrenic nerve originates from the cervical roots C3 to C5, following a complex anatomical pathway that makes it vulnerable to iatrogenic injury during cervical or thoracic surgeries or anesthetic blocks. This study reviewed scientific evidence from the past decade, without language restrictions, using databases such as PubMed and SciELO and search terms including "phrenic nerve paralysis," "iatrogenesis," and "neurotization." The analysis integrated data from prospective studies and systematic reviews, highlighting diagnostic techniques such as dynamic ultrasonography and electroneuromyography. Therapeutic strategies ranged from conservative approaches to surgical interventions, including neurotization with autologous grafts and diaphragmatic plication. The findings conclude that preventing iatrogenic injuries requires standardized protocols, intraoperative monitoring, and equitable access to therapies. These measures are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve clinical outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and patients with neuromuscular comorbidities
Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Personalized Ideological and Political Education: Practices and Reflections
Full text linkWith the advent of the digital era, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has demonstrated significant potential and posed challenges in the field of education. This study aims to delve into the application and impact of AI technology in personalized ideological and political education within higher education curricula. Firstly, it analyzes the current state of AI applications in curriculum-based ideological and political education and the main challenges faced. Further, through empirical research, the paper explores how AI technology empowers and aids professional courses, making the teaching of professional knowledge and ideological content more intuitive, vivid, and efficient, while constructing new models of "Intelligent+" professional courses and "+Intelligent" ideological and political education. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of these technologies in personalized teaching and their specific impact on students\u27 ideological and political qualities. Finally, based on reflections and summaries of practical outcomes, it proposes optimization strategies for personalized ideological and political education assisted by AI. This research provides new perspectives and practical guidelines for personalized ideological and political education in higher education in the digital age, aiming to promote educational innovation and development to better meet future educational needs
The Case for a Regulatory Policy Framework in Kenya: Insights from Overlaps and Conflicts in the Regulation of Engineering Professions
Full text linkThis paper reviews the regulatory overlaps and conflicts in the regulation of engineering professions in Kenya. It is based on the recognition that the engineering profession is very instrumental to national development. The review finds out that the overlaps have led to regulatory inconsistency and duplicity, and legal wrangles. To cure these anomalies the paper recommends the development of a regulatory policy framework based on the paradigm of whole- of-government approach and the concept of regulatory quality
Reclaiming Space: A Postcolonial Ecocritical Analysis of Nature and Memory in Toni Morrison’s Beloved
Full text linkThis article explores the multifaceted concept of space in Toni Morrison�s Beloved through a� postcolonial ecocritical lens, focusing on how natural and domestic spaces serve as sites of� memory, trauma, and healing for African American characters in the aftermath of slavery. The� study examines three key spaces�the Ohio River, Baby Suggs� Clearing, and the haunted house� at 124 Bluestone Road�as symbolic realms where the characters navigate their fractured� identities and confront the lingering ghosts of their past. The Ohio River emerges as a liminal� space of rebirth and emancipation, while the Clearing represents a communal sanctuary for� spiritual and emotional healing. The haunted house, on the other hand, embodies the inescapable� past, where the trauma of slavery continues to haunt the present. Through these spaces, Morrison� not only critiques the environmental and psychological scars of colonialism but also highlights� the resilience and agency of her characters as they seek to reclaim their histories and identities.� This article argues that Morrison�s portrayal of space in Beloved underscores the� interconnectedness of human and non-human worlds, offering a profound commentary on the� enduring impact of slavery and the possibility of redemption through nature and community.
Reimagining Checks and Balances: Establishing the Ombudmus Council as Quarta Politica in Democratic Governance
Full text linkThis article introduces the Ombudsmus Council as a proposed Fourth Branch of Government�Quarta Politica�designed to protect citizens from government failures and strengthen democratic accountability. Expanding on the traditional ombudsman model, the Council would be constitutionally independent from the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the authority to investigate, rule on, and enforce remedies against abuses of power and policy failures. While existing democratic systems rely on checks and balances among the three traditional branches, they often lack a formal, independent institution dedicated specifically to defending citizens when those branches fall short. Unlike the media�which faces growing political and economic pressures�the Ombudsmus Council would be structurally embedded in the constitution as a permanent watchdog with public oversight functions. Its tasks would include monitoring state conduct,
launching inquiries, issuing binding decisions, and promoting civic education on democratic participation. This proposal is original in its call for a constitutionally mandated citizen defense mechanism, advancing current debates on democratic renewal, accountability, and institutional innovation. It builds upon and moves beyond global experiments in ombuds-type offices by formalizing their role within the constitutional architecture.
Potential challenges include resistance from entrenched powers, legal questions about separation of powers, and the need for broad political consensus. Nonetheless, the model is adaptable across varied political contexts�especially where democratic backsliding or institutional distrust is prevalent�offering a replicable framework for enhancing participatory democracy and state responsiveness worldwide
Electrochemical and Microscopic Studies of the Mild Steel (MS) Surface by using Metronidazole Drug as A Green Inhibitor in 1M HCl Medium
Full text linkIn this paper using the metronidazole pharmaceutical drug compound as a green corrosion inhibitor that can be decreasing the rate of corrosion on metallic surface, as a result of the adsorption of metronidazole on the metal surface. In this regard, we simultaneously present an overview of metronidazole compound performance, as a corrosion inhibitor in 1M HCl, and with presence different concentrations of the drug. By using Electrochemical techniques (open-circuit potential, Potentio-dynamic polarization (PP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Electrochemical Frequency Modulation (EFM)) that illustrate the nature of adsorption. The surface examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) are confirmed the formation thin film that adsorbed on the metal surface according to the mechanism of the adsorption processes on the polarized metal surface
Health Risk Linked to the Consumption of Fish from Lake Tshangalele in the Sout-East of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Full text linkLake Tshangalele is a reservoir formed in 1930 from the Lufira River in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo for the construction of the Mwadingusha Dam. This lake is very rich in fish. Unfortunately, for several decades, it received mining waste from the metallurgical plants in the cities of Likasi and Kambove.
To assess the health risk associated with the consumption of Lake Thangalele, fish samples were taken from the lake at the site of the locality of Kapolowe-Mission (n=21). And samples of reference fish were taken in a upstream of any mining activity of the Panda and Kasungwe rivers as well as of the Congo River at the level of the sections located near their sources (n=11). Then, after the sampling, a survey was carried out among 148 permanent inhabitants of Kapolowe-Mission which made it possible to understand the average quantity of fish that each of these 148 interviuwed people consumed per day in their family. Then, of these 32 samples, 11 TMEs, namely Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, U and Zn, were assayed by Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium and by Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) at the laboratory of the Congolese Control Office (OCC) in Lubumbashi in Democratic Republic of Congo. And finally, for 5 trace metal elements, namely Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, the health risk was evaluated, which is expressed by the DQ hazard quote. This is calculated for the oral route on the basis of the formula DQ=FxQx0.208xC/ADI x P. If DQ is greater than 1, it means that there is a good chance that it has been harmful to the health of the consumer. On the other hand, if the DQ value is less than 1, it means that� there is no potential health risk associated� with the consumption oh fish.�
This study showed us that the fish from Lake Tshangalele is not suitable for human consumption since by consuming this fish 81,7% of adults and 1OO% of children have a high risk of suffering the potental of harmful effects of only 5 trace metal elements studied, which are Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd, without taking into account the other possible pollutants non measured. It showed also that when humans consume fish from an aquatic ecosystem polluted by mining waste, they are likely to suffer the potential harmful effects of all possible pollutants carried by the mining waste and having contaminated the fish, given that their potental harmful effects tend to add up
Geospatial Modeling of Urban Expansion Scenarios and their Influence on Local Development in the Quevedo Canton with a 2030 Vision
Full text linkThe urban growth of Quevedo has evolved rapidly due to population growth, economic development, and land-use changes. This study analyzed this expansion using geospatial modeling, identifying growth patterns and projecting scenarios through 2030. A methodology based on Markov Chains and IDRISI software was used, integrating geospatial and temporal data obtained from satellite images, official cartography, and socioeconomic records. The application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allowed the identification of areas with the greatest potential for urbanization, considering factors such as land use, proximity to road infrastructure, and population density. The results showed sustained urban growth, with a 32% increase (1,104 ha) in the projected urban area by 2030. At the same time, a 44.9% reduction in agricultural areas (6,040.4 ha) and a 45.0% reduction in livestock areas (1,360.9 ha) were recorded, which could generate land-use conflicts and pressure on natural resources. Furthermore, uncontrolled urban expansion was identified as a risk to equitable access to basic services, infrastructure, and security. It was concluded that it is essential to implement sustainable land-use planning strategies that regulate expansion and balance urban growth with environmental conservation and soil productivity. The development of controlled expansion plans that prioritize the provision of basic services and the protection of strategic agricultural areas, guaranteeing planned and sustainable urban development, is recommende
Influence of Bacau City’s Anthropic Activities on the Heavy Metals Concentration Measured on Bistrita and Siret River Sides
Full text linkThe main objective of the current research is to determine the content of heavy metals from the� Bistrita and Siret River banks, respectively Siret River � in Bridge Holt area, Siret River � canal� UHE and Siret River- downstream confluence Bistrita/Siret. The choice of sampling points took� into consideration the areas where the pollution sources are located. Established maximum values� were not exceeded in the case of mercury in the soil for all three sampling points Siret River � in� Bridge Holt area, Siret River � canal UHE and Siret River- downstream confluence Bistrita/Siret. Exceeding values recorded in the sampling points Siret River � in Bridge Holt area, Siret River ��
canal UHE and Siret River- downstream confluence Bistrita/Siret (for cadmium, nickel and chrome) resulted from discharged residual waters, industrial platforms form Bacau city and the� improper storage of municipal waste.