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A New School with an Inclusive Educational Space
Get PDFCurrent Chilean public education policies have established educational inclusion and a new, quality public education system that provides the best opportunities for all its inhabitants, especially the most socially, culturally, and economically vulnerable, as key pillars. In this way, the international commitment mandated by the United Nations in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically Sustainable Development Goal 4, which seeks to guarantee inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, is fully embraced. This research aims to investigate the attitudes of student teachers toward promoting the development of inclusive schools. It is therefore necessary to understand the thoughts and feelings of one of the main stakeholders who will lead these changes, future teachers. The study was developed using a quantitative, multivariate, descriptive, and correlational model of the phenomenon based on the sample\u27s general perceptions based on the construct studied. Data collection was carried out by adapting the "Questionnaire for Future Secondary Education Teachers on Perceptions of Attention to Diversity" (Colmenero and Pegalajar , 2015) to Chilean reality. The results show a positive perception of inclusion among students, but this needs to be translated into improved initial teacher training and actual inclusion practices
English Language in Sierra Leone: Its Perspective and National Language Flavour
Get PDFThis paper examines the role and status of English in Sierra Leone. It examines the evolution of the Language in English and make a case for a national language .It examines the role of� he Language in the Global stage and how that can be linked to Sierra Leone national development. It is the de-jure official language in the country. The 1991 Constitution of Sierra Leone, Act No. 6 which is the country�s grundnorm provides for it as official language. No indigenous language in Sierra Leone can better serve the function of togetherness and unity more than English language due to Sierra Leone political Polarization. It has our glorious past as it was brought to us by our colonial masters through colonialism who equally were not original owners of the language but they made it as theirs and they are still using it at their convenience. From the time of British colonization till today, English is the language used for all purpose-politics, education, media, diplomacy et al. No language can replace English as either official language or medium of communication. We cannot have a de facto national language because there is no one language that is used by majority of the population as their mother tongue. Sierra Leone needs a de jure national language for togetherness and unity which English can better serve that role. This can be done through human intervention that dictates which language(s) should be granted the status of National language for political reason and not linguistic reason through language policy and language planning
Developments, Trends, Consensus and Disagreements among African Church Historians: Specific Instances from the Works of Andrew Walls, Kwame Bediako, Lamin Sanneh and Ogbu U. Kalu
Get PDFThe historical narrative of Christianity in Africa has engaged the attention of many African Church historians, leading to the production of a compendium of literature on African Church history. Unarguably, a variety of themes on African Church history has been explored by African church historians from their diverse epistemic contexts. As a result, there seems to be little or no efforts among the scholars with respect to taxonomy of the diverse themes which occupy their reflections on African Church history. Guided by the historical method of data collection, the authors attempt to discuss developments, trends, consensus and disagreements as some of the essential themes which warrant classification among African Church historians. The paper further adopts the purposive sampling technique to select specific examples from the works of Andrew Walls, Kwame Bediako, Lamin Saneh and Ogbu Kalu. It finds out that two of the developments are the emergence of academic interest in African initiatives in Christianity in Africa and development of African theology. It further observes that liberation and integration are trends among African Church historians in the post-missionary era. Again, the issue of identity of the African Christian features prominently in a discourse on consensus among African church historians because the question of the precise identity of the African Christian engages the theological reflection of virtually all African church historians. Last but not least, disagreements among African church historians include a discourse on the continuity of Africans� primal religiosity in Christianity
John Rawls’ Justice as Fairness as a Common Good Principle: Critiques and Justification
Get PDFJohn Rawls� concept of justice as fairness as a common good principle is founded on two arguments. The first argument concerns the critiques that were brought forth concerning Rawls� conception of justice. They were done by philosophers who either supported or objected Rawls� concept of justice as fairness, put differently, the critiques are either positive or negative. However, the bottom line is that they are both critical and constructive at the same time. Their critiques were basically directed to Rawls� thought and position on Social Contract Theory, original position, the veil of ignorance, reflective equilibrium, priority of rights and liberties, two principles of justice, Rawls� concepts on society, persons, social cooperation, social institutions and basic structure, primary goods just to mention a few. Some of the critiques were responded to by Rawls himself. The second argument concerns a justification as to why Rawls� concept of justice as fairness is a common good principle. This is done firstly, by the author after considering the philosophers� critiques and secondly through a philosophical analysis that encompasses constructive elements of Rawls� conception of justice. The goal of this justification is to present Rawls� sense of inclusivity, objectivity, commitment, mutual responsibility and cooperation as elements that are needed to foster and uphold the common good principle
Language Shift, Loss and Attrition at Kampung Chetti, Melaka, Malaysia
Get PDFResearch on the vitality of Chetti Malay Creole, the heritage language of the Melaka Chetti community at Kampung Chetti, Malacca, have all reported a language shift. Since language shift often leads to language loss, this study seeks evidence of language loss and attrition among the younger generations, specifically among the fourth and fifth generations (G4/Gen Y and G5/Gen Z) Chettis. Using a language loss assessment (adapted from O�Grady et al. 2009), the study found that Chetti lexicon is largely absent from the younger generations� vocabulary and they struggle to construct short sentences in Chetti Malay, which indicate the lack of a working knowledge and use of their heritage language. Focus group interviews further reveal that many Chetti lexical items are unfamiliar to the younger generations since the language is spoken sporadically at festivals or among older generations. The findings place the vitality of Chetti Malay at Level 7 Shifting on the EGIDS while on the UNESCO Language Vitality and Endangerment framework Chetti Malay is definitely endangered. The study confirms that there is language shift, loss and attrition at Kampung Chetti. The study raises a critical question for further research on whether the lack of knowledge of Chetti vocabulary and the inability to use the language among the millennials and digital natives a case of attrition (total or partial forgetting of the vocabulary as a result of the language being rarely used) or incomplete acquisition (a language never acquired due to non-intergenerational transmission of Chetti Malay in their homes)
Early Idiomatic Knowledge Acquisition: A Cornerstone for Language Proficiency
Get PDFIdioms are essential language skills that enhance language proficiency in all languages. Idiomatic knowledge help individuals to be proficient in communication in both verbal and written language. However, they are not explicitly incorporated in the early years of schooling and this could be the reason there are persisting literacy challenges in South Africa. The literacy reports show that Foundation Phase learners� language skills are not well developed. They reveal that learners have challenges in both reading and writing. The purpose of this paper is to advocate for explicit integration of idioms in Grade 3 curriculum with an aim to increase the learner�s language proficiency in their home languages. This paper is grounded in Social constructivism theory to reveal how idioms as scaffolding tools support language proficiency. It is guided by qualitative research, interpretive paradigm and case study research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Participants were two Grade 3 teachers and a thematic analysis helped in analyzing interview data. The findings showed that the integration of idioms could improve the learners� creative writing skills, they can help them to write meaningful sentences and paragraphs.���
Legitimate Violence in Response to Criticism? Khabib Nurmagomedov vs Connor McGregor. On the Ethical Limits of Normative Conflicts with a Religious Dimension in Pluralistic Societies
Get PDFThe MMA fight between Khabib Nurmagomedov (Russia) and Connor McGregor (Ireland), organised by UFC 229 and held on 6 October 2018, was one of the most important sporting events of the year and is considered the most important fight in the history of the UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)[1].
The fight concluded with a victory for Khabib. After the event, the Russian fighter and one of the Irishman\u27s coaches (Dillon Danis) got into a verbal altercation that escalated into the former jumping out of the octagon and attacking the coach. This sparked a general brawl that involved part of the audience and members of both teams, inside and outside the octagon. In the press conference held immediately afterwards, as well as in subsequent appearances, Khabib justified[2]�his behaviour by referring to McGregor\u27s previous actions and criticisms against him, repeatedly stating: "You cannot talk about religion or nations. You cannot talk about this stuff. This, for me, is very important�.
I will stress the sentence that Khabib used most often, up to three times: �You cannot talk about religion�. His words marked the end of that extraordinary day, reflecting not only the intensity of the confrontation but also the tensions and divisions that currently characterise moral debate and its limits in a pluralistic society, specifically when freedom of speech is exercised to criticise certain aspects of religion, Islamic religion in particular. This violent episode, along with its subsequent justification (at various levels), highlighted the difficulty of having a constructive public debate in which differences can be discussed without overstepping the boundaries of dialogue
Enhancing Learning Through Game Flow: A Case Study for Epistemic Game “Working with Water"
Get PDFEpistemic video games, interpreted as video games pursuing new knowledge through the mechanism that concatenates� practices and cognition, grab numerous attention on account of their extensive implementation since COVID-19. The� corresponding academic explorations into the players, especially indicating the students, have largely integrated in game� enjoyment and the principals exerted. Understanding the essential factors that promote game enjoyment that aligns with� educational purposes is crucially important for clarifying the mechanism of epistemic games. Consequently, the present� study adopts the Game Flow model presented by Sweetser and Wyeth (2005), whose accuracy has been verified and yields to evaluate enjoyment of video games by examining specific criteria under eight elements: concentration, challenge, player� skills, control, clear goals, feedback, immersion, and social interaction of the model. The highly acclaimed epistemic game� �Working with Water� is elected to conduct a case study by implementing the Game Flow model. The result indicates that� the overall values for Game Flow cohere with the performance, usability, and potentiality of the epistemic games. The� model performs well in the evaluation of epistemic games to a large extent. but simultaneously limited to the intrinsic harshness of the specific genre that differs from others in the degree of enjoyment. As a result, the evaluating model based� on Game Flow is worthy of inquiry in an educational context for further investigation.
A Simple Proof of Ergodic Theorem for Recursive Decision
Get PDFThis paper show that rational choice on recursive decision under measure preserving transformation can lead to asymptotic behavior in a stationary environment, and providing sufficient conditions for recursive decision systems to possess ergodic properties from its stationary mean
Twenty-Five Years of Direct Tax Reforms in India (2001-2025)
Get PDFTax receipts are needed to meet the basic functions of the State. During the last twenty-five years a number of reforms have been introduced in the arena of direct taxes. Direct taxes are grouped under two heads-corporation tax and taxes on income other than corporation tax. Direct tax reforms in India mainly comprise of reforms in corporation tax and reforms relating to exemption limit/threshold limit, rate structure, standard deduction, expanding tax base, improving tax collections and administrative reforms. Companies which comprise of domestic and foreign companies are subjected to flat rate. reforms in this area have mainly comprised of reduction in tax rates. An attempt has been made in India to make the concept of income as broad as possible and tax is levied on �slab system basis�. During the last twenty five years, the general trend has been to increase the exemption limit /threshold limit, revise the tax slabs tax rates in different income slabs, revise the period of holding and rates in respect of capital gains tax and has made tax administration more transparent, efficient and tax-payer friendly . As a result tax base has expended and direct tax collections have gone up considerably. However, certain areas of concern still remain which include nearly constant tax-GDP ratio, lower tax buoyancy, continued tax avoidance and evasion and problems of arrears of assessment and collections, as also pendency of appeals.�
Broadening of tax base is necessary to ensure growth of revenue . there should be sustained expansion of coverage and judicious use of differential rates. There should be complete integration of agricultural and non-agricultural incomes for tax purposes. The fight against tax evasion and corruption should be continuous and sustained and family should be the unit of assessment.