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Deciphering Root Dynamics and Functional Architecture in Rice for Strategic Redesign of the Hidden Half to Enhance Water and Nutrient Acquisition
Full text linkpresent scenario of climate change on agriculture in the form of groundwater depletion, flood, salinity, several new borne species of pathogens, and insect-pests, brings serious attention to developing ice varities with higher resilience. As most of the above-ground plant parts are already explored to combat these situations, now the time came to improve the yield by reshaping the below-ground plant parts. Designing the root system architecture (RSA) in rice is one of the most imperative traits for such conditions, as modification in the root architecture in rice will be the best strategy to improve water uptake and nutrient acquisition. Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes playing the role for RSA have been recognized to improve the root parameters and the confirmed QTLs can be introgressed through marker-assisted backcross breeding to develop ideal genotypes. The recent advances in molecular plant breeding including genome editing, mutation study and genetic engineering has shown their potency in this direction. Even though most of the root architectural traits in rice are not document properly, the present review will make comfortable to the future researchers on the aspects of molecular mechansms involved in root traits development viz., genes functioning for root traits, their development, physiological role for moisture, and mineral-nutrient uptake under stressful environment
Limited Effect Principle of a Relativistic System - The Calculation Results within a Relativity System Cannot be Applied to the Real World Outside the System
Full text linkWe pointed out 3 general concerns and 12 problems in Einstein�s theory of special relativity in [1-4], which got positive feedback. Here we present a newly derived �Limited Effect Principle of a Relativistic System.� This research followed our method of analyzing mathematical models from the perspective of reviewing the rationality of physical models first, and used this method to derive the Limited Effect Principle of a Relativistic System. This Limited Effect Principle gives obvious evidence that the theory of relativity is misunderstanding the mathematical world from the physical world, which gives us further confidence that the theory of relativity should no longer lead the scientific and technological thinking of mankind
Solving Goldbach\u27s Conjecture using Gaussian Arithmetic and a Probabilistic Model
Full text linkThis paper proves that Goldbach\u27s conjecture is true.� The proof uses Gaussian modular arithmetic to calculate the�number of pairs of odd numbers, KT , whose sum is a given even� number, n, as well as, the number, KE, of those that can potentially�contain prime numbers.�Next, a probabilistic model with a binomial probability distribution is de ned, which will be applied to KE to calculate a function�f(x) for the expected value, E(X), where X is the number of pairs�formed by two prime numbers.�Finally, the analysis of this function, f(x), will allow us to prove�that the conjecture is true
Concept of the "Minimum Energy Expenditure" Principle
Full text linkIn this work, based on the analysis of specific biological examples, the previously unknown principle of "minimum energy expenditure" is investigated. This principle plays a fundamental role in speciation, the formation of biodiversity, trophic chains, ecological niches, as well as in ensuring the long-term existence of a biological species, population, and individual organism. The central idea of this principle is that among many possible scenarios, the one that requires the least energy expenditure for its continued existence is chosen. This, in turn, provides the selected scenario with a minimum of entropy, that is, maximum certainty. This regularity is characteristic of all established biological objects and processes. This generalized principle applies to a wide range of biological phenomena�from low-molecular processes to the biospheres level�and is one of the fundamental properties of open systems.This principle may play a significant role in the design and construction of modern technological, artificial, and resilient biological constructs and robots
Polish Films in China?1949-1966
Full text linkIn the early years of the People�s Republic of China, Polish films were among the first foreign films to be introduced and dubbed for Chinese audiences. Between 1949 and 1966, a total of 35 Polish films were screened in China, encompassing a variety of genres such as newsreels, feature films, and documentaries, with both black-and-white and color productions. To a certain extent, Polish films helped Chinese audiences "construct an imagination of \u27socialist countries\u27". This article focuses on Polish films introduced to China during this period, describing their historical context, selection criteria, promotional and screening strategies, and their impact on Chinese cinema and audiences. Through this exploration, the paper aims to outline the trajectory of Polish film screenings in China while offering insights into the characteristics and themes of imported films during the formative years of Chinese film dubbing
The Effect of Familiar Household Poverty on the Risk of Being NEET in Chile: A Gender Perspective
Full text linkFamily background influences young education and job opportunities, affecting social and economic inclusion. Youth from disadvantaged families face an increased risk of being NEET and a high risk of labour or social marginalization.� An analysis of Chilean data examined gender disparities in the impact of familiar households lacking education, occupation, and social protection from 5D-multidimensional poverty measures on the likelihood of being NEET among youth aged 20-29.�� Using Propensity-Score Matching to account for selection bias, the average treatment effect on the population and the treated group were estimated.� In the raw sample, 23.1% of young people aged 20-29 were NEETs, increasing with age and women experiencing higher rates. Results showed that the population average effect of households lacking occupation-unemployment- in both genders have a significantly higher risk of being NEET than those without this deprivation.�Conversely, living in a household lacking social protection significantly reduces this risk, especially in young women.�A small effect of households lacking schooling on the probability of being NEET in both genders was observed, but only significant in men. Future research should include panel data to explore youth life trajectories to assist policymakers in preventing social exclusion and marginalization of young people
Counter-Hegemonic Forces, Language Choice, and Linguistic Needs in the Tobagonian Primary Classroom
Full text linkThis study is anchored in postcolonial theory, which provides the critical lens through which the enduring impacts of colonial power structures on primary education in Trinidad and Tobago, specifically linguistic practices, were examined. The primary aim of the investigation was to ascertain what counter-hegemonic forces challenge the dominant language ideologies in the classroom in Tobago. A qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for this investigation and in order to acquire a profound understanding of the issues, in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and classroom observations were utilized for data collection. The participants comprised four teachers who are employed in a suburban school in Tobago. The data analysis process incorporated a thematic approach using a coding matrix. The results revealed that linguistic counter-hegemonic forces, particularly Creole, prevail amidst diversity and ambivalence in the classroom. It can be concluded that the counter-hegemonic influences serve to complement the linguistic dynamics required for teaching and learning. An analysis is recommended, to discern strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and solutions, so that teachers and students may be empowered and provided with adequate support
Modern Crisis 2: Republic of Businessmen
Full text linkThe article is a continuation and development of the idea of a triadic model of society in relation to a society where money capital is the main thing. The article considers the consequences of the merger of two rights that form the distribution in society in one object � money. Such a merger determines the trajectory of the development of the society of money capital: from the society of industrial production to the society of financial capitalism. The mechanisms of such a transition and its consequences are shown. The issues of the political structure of society arising from the peculiarities of the monetary capital society are considered. In conclusion, questions to the reader are formulated that expand the scope of the article
Public Debt and Economic Development: Evidence from Nigeria
Full text linkIn developing economies, public debt has increasingly been used as a fiscal policy instrument to finance development objectives amid revenue shortfalls, raising concerns about its effectiveness in delivering long-term economic development. Thus, this study investigated the impact of public debt on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1986 to 2023. The study employed time series data on economic development, proxied by the human development index, external debt, domestic debt, gross domestic saving, and oil revenue collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Statistical Bulletin, World Bank Development Indicators, and the Debt Management Office, Nigeria. In the analysis, descriptive statistics, trend analysis, unit root test, and autoregressive distributive lag technique were employed. The cointegration test revealed that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists among the variables. From the empirical evidence, external debt had a negative and significant impact on economic development, while domestic debt had a positive but insignificant impact on economic development. In conclusion, the study highlights that domestic debt has a more favorable association with development outcomes, while external debt poses risks if not properly managed. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, the government should adopt debt ceiling policies, as well as effective debt sustainability frameworks. The public procurement reform should be sustained and strengthened. This will encourage due process in government dealings. Also, there is a need for the government to partner with civil society organizations to monitor how external debt is being distributed and expended
The Price of Survival. On the Ontology of Animals in Transcaucasia, using the Example of Georgia
Full text linkThis academic essay titled �The Price of Survival. On the Ontology of Animals in Transcaucasia, Using the Example of Georgia� was developed in the wake of a professional trip to an international congress held inTbilisi, the capital of Georgia, in October 2024.
At its core, the study analyzes snapshots of a human-pet constellation which, in Georgia, has given rise to a daily �culture of indifference.� This culture reflects fundamental ontological questions about coexistence, polemically mirroring the ethical and moral categories between human existence and the status of the animal as a �thing.�
The empirical dimension of the paper is illustrated through numerous encounters with suffering animals in Georgian urban spaces. These observations illustrate the cruel living conditions under which pets are forced to exist�without societal recognition and in the absence of institutional animal welfare structures.
In addition, the findings are placed within a historical framework, discussing and interpreting human-animal relationships ranging from antiquity to the 21st century