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Qualitative Assessment of Marine Environmental Quality Along the Coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Full text linkThis paper presents qualitative assessment of marine environmetal quality on the selected beaches and coastal areas including the port of Dar es Salaam. With the long-held misconception, the huge and resilient ocean could tolerate anything; ocean degradation has been happening for decades. From that ideology, this work came up with a research study with focuse on the qualitative assessment of the quality of marine environments along the coastline of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. In this paper field survey and observation, interviews, and questionnaires were employed to assess the situation. Results showed that, approximately 70% of the respondents visit the beaches frequently, showing their familiarity with the beach environments. However, 50% of the respondents have witnessed regular beach cleaning exercises, although they have commented that there have been inadequate cleaning efforts around the beaches. Additionally, all respondents commented that human activities in the study area are attributed to 90% of the environmental pollution. Also, from the methodology approached, this research work identified various anthropogenic activities contributing to marine environmental pollution on the coastline of the Dar es Salaam region, where the authors of this work propose measures such as clean-up campaigns, social media initiatives, educational programs, and the enforcement of laws and policies, aiming to minimize pollution and promote sustainable practices along the Dar es Salaam coast
Measures taken by Industries in Increasing their Capacity of Carbon Sink in Tanzania
Full text linkThis paper examined measures taken by industries to increase their capacity for carbon sinks in Tanzania. The study was carried out in the Coast Region of Tanzania. The study design adopted was cross-sectional, whereby a sample of 92 industries was drawn from 1192 industries located in the Coast Region. Industries involved were energy plants, processing industries, and manufacturing industries. Data were collected using documentary review, interview, and observation. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data collected. The results were presented in the form of charts and percentages. Findings revealed that industries used different strategies to reduce the generation of carbon dioxide such as material substitution, improving resource use efficiency, industrial symbiosis, and fuel switching to electrification. Study found that employed by industries in reducing the emission of carbon dioxide include; producing low-carbon products, investing in low-carbon infrastructures, improving productivity, climate diplomacy, and international cooperation, installing low-carbon technologies. Study recommends that the existing policy should provide clear incentives such as grants, tax incentives, or recognition programs for industries investing in carbon-sinking measures. Industries should invest in research and development to advance carbon capture technologies and practices as a result these technologies will be more accessible and economically viable for industries. Industries should implement capacity-building initiatives through training programs that focus on best practices in carbon sinking and sustainability; this will foster a culture of environmental responsibility. The study concluded that industries are working on reducing the generation of carbon dioxide from their source
Farmers-Pastoralists Perceptions on Climate Change in Mvomero District, Tanzania
Full text linkThis study investigated the perceptions of farmers and pastoralists regarding climate change in Mvomero District, Tanzania. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview, Focus Group Discussions and documentary literature review. A total of 391 heads of households were surveyed, and 26 key informants were interviewed constituting four Village Chairpersons, four Village Executive Officers (VEOs), four Heads of Village Security Committees, four Village Agricultural and Livestock Officers (VALOs), four Ward Executive Officers (WEOs), the District Executive Director (DED), and the Officer Commanding District of Police (OCD). The study aimed to underscore local perceptions of climate change, identifying the impacts on agricultural practices, and evaluating adaptive strategies employed by the study communities. The findings revealed that both farmers and pastoralists perceive climate change as a significant threat to their livelihoods. Adaptation strategies implemented include altering planting dates, diversifying crops, improving water conservation techniques and integrating livestock with crop farming. Despite these efforts, several barriers to effective adaptation persist, including limited access to climate information, inadequate financial resources and insufficient support from local government and extension services. The study emphasizes the need for tailored interventions that enhance adaptive capacity and resilience. Policy recommendations include improving access to timely and accurate climate information, strengthening local institutions, and promoting community-based adaptation strategies
Experiences of Academic Staff Towards Promotion and Professional Development in Selected Public Universities in Tanzania: A Situational Analysis
Full text linkThere has been a constant debate regarding fairness during the promotion process and academic growth among the academic staff in higher education around the world. In the context of Tanzania, higher education depends on the academic qualifications, ranks, experience and level of job satisfaction among their academic staff for quality teaching, research and consultancy works. This mixed study focused on the experiences and attitudes of 85 staff on promotion and motivation from a selected public university in Tanzania. Quantitative data were collected from 74 academic staff, 1 professor, 4 senior lecturers, 30 lecturers, 25 assistant lecturers and 14 tutorial assistants. Moreover, 3 staff from the human resources directorate and 8 heads of academic departments were interviewed. The results demonstrated that the majority of the academic staff (82%) were satisfied with the sponsorship process in local and overseas trainings (N = 61) and the duration of three years for new promotions (N = 65 and 88%). On the other hand, the majority of the academic staff were dissatisfied with being involved in decision-making for in-service training opportunities (N = 65, 88%). Similarly, academic staff were dissatisfied with the promotion criteria and promotion process (N = 60, 81%) and (N = 45, 60%) respectively. The qualitative data revealed the dissatisfaction of academic staff on awareness of the current institutional promotion criteria and standards that may open loopholes for rude administrations. It was concluded that promotion in various universities has been associated with some micro politics and hullabaloos. Since academic staff qualifications are global, criteria for promotions should remain homogeneous, fair and equal to all staff. 
The Effective Contracts in Ground Handling: Ground Handling Services in Tanzanian Context
Full text linkThis study was conducted purposely to investigate the underlying issues affecting effective contract involved in the provision of ground handling service in Tanzania's aviation sector emanating from contract types, stakeholder collaboration, performance criteria, regulatory compliance, and validity of the contract. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies through mixed method approach was used. The hypotheses were aligned with existing theories and empirical studies have led to the adoption of questionnaires for data collection. About 101 respondents obtained from 10 airports/ locations in within Tanzania which contribute to about 89% of total traffic volumes including number of flights, passenger, and cargo volumes were purposively and stratified selected to participate in structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Binary Logistic Regression in Microsoft Excel while qualitative data was performed by Dedoose for the identification of significant relationships between effective contract (dependent) and contract types, stakeholder collaboration, performance metrics, regulatory compliance, as well as contract validity (independents). The binary logistic regression results indicated significant positive relationships between four out of five variables (contract types, performance metrics, regulatory compliance, and contract validity) while stakeholder collaboration had statistically insignificant impact on contract effectiveness, indicating that while collaboration is important, it does not directly influence the outcomes of ground handling contracts in Tanzania’s aviation sector. incorporating automated systems for performance tracking, ensuring clear dispute resolution mechanisms, and providing training for personnel involved in contract management have been given as recommendation to ensure effective contract. The study was concluded by the implementation of world accepted performance metrics, periodic contract reviews, and adherence to regulatory standards can result into effective contract in ground handling in Tanzania
Educational Assessment Practices for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inclusive Primary Schools in Tanzania
Full text linkThis paper analyzes the practices used in assessing children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in inclusive primary schools in Dar es Salaam. A qualitative approach was employed to obtain in-depth information on educational assessment practices regarding the children. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample of 81 participants. Data were collected from special needs education teachers, parents/guardians of children with ASD, head teachers and district education officers. Instruments for data collection consisted of open ended and in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussion and documentary analysis. The data revealed that educational assessment services for children with ASD are provided at late stages leading to delayed interventions. Furthermore, there is stigma attached to ASD due to parents’ unawareness on the condition and its characteristics
Motivational Factors Influencing Teaching Choice Among Primary School Teachers in Tanzania
Full text linkUnderstanding Motives behind choosing a teaching profession is crucial in influencing teachers' commitment and credibility. This study explores motivational factors influencing career choice among primary school students in the Tanzanian context. Based on the FIT-Choice Framework, the mixed-research design approach was used to integrate the quantitative and the qualitative aspects. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 381 respondents, and the homogeneous purposive sampling was used to select 15 participants. The questions and the interview Questionnaires and interview guides with factors influencing teaching choice were used to collect information. Data were analysed using means, standard deviations (SD), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and thematic analysis. Data on rating-scale responses involving pragmatic, intrinsic, extrinsic and altruistic motives were identified. The results showed that pragmatic factors prompt 75% of teachers to aspire for a teaching career. In light of the findings recounted, teacher training policies should be revisited to professionalise teaching within the framework of lifelong learning and workshops on professional development for newly recruited teachers should be organised
Exploring the Role of Work Engagement in Enhancing Service Quality Through Succession Planning in Tanzania’s Rural Health Facilities
Full text linkMediating Role of Intended Performance in the Influence of Electronic Human Resource Management on Supporting Staff Job Performance in Tanzanian Public Universities
Full text linkDifferentiated Instruction in Teaching Mathematics: Teachers’ Understanding and Barriers to Practice in Inclusive Secondary School Classrooms in Makambako Town Council
Full text linkThe study assessed the teachers’ differentiated instruction (DI) practices in teaching mathematics in inclusive classes in secondary schools in Makambako Town Council. This study specifically focused on exploring the teachers’ understanding and resource limitations towards the practices of DI in teaching mathematics in inclusive classrooms in secondary schools. The phenomenology study design, informed by the qualitative approach, was employed. The data for the study were collected through interviews and classroom observations. Fifteen participants, including eight teachers, four heads of schools, and three ward educational officers, were used as a sample size for the study conducted in 4 public secondary schools. The collected data were analysed thematically. Ethical clearances were obtained from the respective organs to maintain ethical issues, whereby informants filled out informed consent forms. The study findings revealed multiple DI understandings and resource limitations as among the stumbling blocks towards teachers’ practices of DI in teaching mathematics in inclusive classes. Resources like the availability of mathematics teachers, materials, and time were found to be the major resource challenges towards the practices of DI in teaching mathematics. Based on the findings, the study concludes that for the successful practice of DI, efforts have to be made to address these resource challenges. Therefore, the study suggests hiring more mathematics teachers in secondary schools and providing them with guidance on implementing DI effectively. The government should provide sufficient materials for improving mathematics teaching in inclusive classes