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Accessibility of Marine Tourism Resources and Community Livelihood in Tanzania: A Case of Bagamoyo and Kilwa Coastal Communities
Full text linkThis article explores the link between the accessibility of marine tourism resources and sustainable livelihoods in Tanzanian communities, guided by the sustainable livelihood’s framework. Data was gathered through convenience sampling from Kilwa and Bagamoyo's coastal populations between March and April 2025. Out of 280 distributed questionnaires, 161 (73.9%) were analyzed using SPSS and SEM (AMOS). Results indicated that access to various types of livelihood assets, including financial, human, social, and physical resources, significantly benefits sustainable livelihoods in these coastal areas. Stakeholders should aim to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 14, which emphasizes the importance of marine tourism resources for coastal communities. Promoting access and sustainable use of these resources can aid conservation efforts and sustainable development. The study offers strategic recommendations for government and private sector investment to ensure equitable access to ocean resources for coastal communities
The Role of Teachers in Enhancing Inclusive Education: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Zanzibar
Full text linkThe study aimed to investigate the role of teachers in promoting inclusive education in primary schools in Zanzibar. Using a case study design to gain in-depth insights, the study employed a qualitative research approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 45 respondents selected through purposive and convenience sampling techniques. FGDs included primary school students from various classes, contributing diverse perspectives on inclusivity. The study was guided by Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (SCT), which provided a framework for understanding how teachers facilitate inclusive learning environments that support students with disabilities. The findings indicated that primary school teachers in Zanzibar possessed a positive attitude toward inclusive education and demonstrated awareness of its principles. However, the study also identified several challenges hindering effective implementation. These included a lack of appropriate equipment for learners with disabilities, insufficient teaching and learning resources, and inadequate infrastructure. These limitations significantly constrained teachers’ ability to deliver inclusive instruction. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government increase funding allocations to promote inclusive education, invest in adequate teaching and learning materials, and improve school infrastructure to support the diverse needs of all learners
Challenges of the Form One Orientation Programme in Tanzania: Experiences from Selected Community Secondary Schools in Moshi District Council
Full text linkThe study objective was to identify the specific challenges of the Form One Orientation Programme (FOP) in community secondary schools within Moshi District Council. A qualitative research approach with a case study design was adopted. Two secondary schools were selected, with a total of 5 participants, including 2 Heads of Schools (HOS), 1 District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO), and two 2 Schools Quality Assurers (SQA). Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and unstructured observations. Findings show that the majority of schools struggle to implement the FOP due to institutional barriers such as transferring of Form One students while the FOP is in progress, managing overcrowded classrooms, late reporting of students, and a lack of training for heads of schools in supervising the FOP. The study recommended future studies that could adopt a quantitative or mixed approach, using larger samples to assess the challenges of the FOP, to generalise the findings and examine strategies for unlocking the barriers to successful FOP
Empowering Local Communities through Community-Based Conservation: A Case Study of Randilen Wildlife Management Area in Tanzania
Full text linkUtilizing the Social-Ecological Systems (SES) theory and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), this research probes into the impacts of both community- based conservation and the lives of indigenous/local communities residing in the Randilen Wildlife Management Area. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the intricate interplay between wildlife conservation, community engagement, and the livelihoods of local inhabitants within the Randilen Wildlife Management Area. The data collection involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods via household surveys. The results indicate a significant and inclusive level of community involvement in activities associated with Randilen Wildlife Management area as a community- based conservation. Individuals residing in villages encompassed by the WMA generally have limited access to education, resulting in their inability to fully exploit the tourism opportunities. Consequently, many livelihood initiatives in the area tend to be dominated by individuals from outside the local communities. The study uncovers various perspectives concerning the satisfaction of community members with the income generated from Randilen WMA. While some express contentment, others are dissatisfied, underscoring the importance of ensuring that the distribution of revenue substantially enhances the well-being of the local residents.Top of FormBottom of For
Human Resource Information System Social-Technical Aspects and Organizational Performance: The Role of Management Support in Tanzanian Universities
Full text linkThis study examined the impact of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) on organizational performance at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) and Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) in TanzaniaThe research adopted a quantitative approach, collecting data from 260 supervisors across various departments. Using surveys and statistical analyses, the study investigated how HRIS's social and technical aspects, coupled with management support, influenced institutional performance. The findings underscored the critical role of HRIS in enhancing efficiency, with management support significantly strengthening its effectiveness. Leadership engagement, continuous training, resource allocation, and improved communication emerged as essential factors in optimizing HRIS utilization. Additionally, findings showed that ensuring system accessibility and establishing regular evaluation mechanisms could enhance HRIS alignment with institutional goals. By addressing these areas, public universities in Tanzania can maximize the benefits of HRIS, ultimately improving operational efficiency and overall organizational performance
Influence of Financial Management Practices on Performance of Village Community Banks: Empirical Evidence from Arumeru District, Tanzania
Full text linkThis study examined the influence of financial management practices on the performance of Village Community Banks (VICOBA) in the Arumeru district. The specific objectives were to assess the influence of financial management practices, particularly cash management, accounting information, and internal control, on the financial performance of VICOBA. An explanatory research design was employed, and data were collected via structured questionnaires administered to 136 respondents from different VICOBA groups. A simple random sampling technique was used to determine the sample size. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed in SPSS to analyse the data. The findings revealed that cash management practices, particularly internal control over accounting information, positively and significantly influenced VICOBA's financial performance. The study concludes that cash management, the accounting system, and internal control played a significant role in improving VICOBA's financial performance in Arumeru district, Tanzania. The study recommends that VICOBA leaders and members strengthen their cash management procedures, maintain proper financial records, and enforce internal control systems to improve efficiency. Policymakers and supporting agencies should provide capacity-building programs, training, and technological support to enhance VICOBA's effectiveness
Tanzania’s Personal Data Protection Act: A Harbinger for the Realisation of the Right to Privacy?
Full text linkProtecting privacy is critically important, as it is a fundamental part of personal freedom and dignity. In an era marked by increasing digital connectivity, safeguarding this right has become even more crucial. Although Tanzania has enshrined the right to privacy in its Constitution for many years, it did not have a data protection law until 2022. This article examines whether the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) effectively promotes the realization of the right to privacy. Using a doctrinal legal research approach, it evaluates the PDPA’s effectiveness against internationally recognised data protection standards, with a focus on principles, rights, and limitations. The evaluation reveals that while the PDPA represents a significant advancement in safeguarding the right to privacy, it also has the potential to undermine it. This is because it incorporates fundamental principles and rights related to personal data, alongside vague limitations that could compromise the right to privacy. Consequently, the PDPA appears to grant the right to privacy on one hand, while taking it away with the other. Therefore, this paper recommends amending the PDPA to enhance its role in safeguarding the right to privacy in Tanzania
Are Universities Compliant? A Study of Tanzania’s Personal Data Protection Act in Higher Learning Institutions
Full text linkIn November 2022, the United Republic of Tanzania enacted the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPA). It established a comprehensive framework for the processing of personal data. The Act has a significant impact on higher learning institutions, which are custodians of vast amounts of personal data from students, staff, and other stakeholders. The law designates the institutions as data controllers and processors, and they are obligated to process personal data in accordance with the provisions of the Act. This article examines the compliance of higher learning institutions with the Act. Employing a doctrinal legal research approach, the article assesses Universities’ compliance with the PDPA and its regulations. The findings indicate that, although the PDPA has been in place for more than two years, the compliance rate remains extremely low among higher learning institutions. This is due to a lack of data protection policies in universities and awareness training, as well as the absence of data protection officers. The article recommends that Universities appoint data protection officers and register with the Data Protection Commissioner as data controllers, which demonstrates compliance. In addition, the universities must ensure that personal data is processed in accordance with the Act and that their data protection policies and procedures are regularly updated to maintain ongoing compliance
The Role of ODL in the Promotion of Renewable Energy Education for Sustainable Development in Tanzania
Full text linkRenewable Energy Education (REE) is vital for a society to shift from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable green energy. While the promotion of Renewable energy technologies is positive for sustainable development, the users are still facing many challenges due to lack of expertise, technical support services and public knowledge regarding these technologies. Education plays a pivotal role in creating awareness and promotion of Renewable energy concepts amongst the general public. This paper intends to prove that, ODL system is the best reliable and affordable education system for training the larger part of population to empower them on adoption of renewable energy technologies. The study based on literature review and documentation to reveal the way renewable energy education is being disseminated through Open and distance learning. The findings prove that ODL system stands a better chance of educating a larger part of the population compared to conventional systems. It is recommended that ODL institutions consider the establishment of courses that meet the energy market demand for sustainable development
The Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Casual Conversations in Matengo
Full text linkPoliteness has garnered the attention of many scholars worldwide, who have focused on the types of face-threatening acts and the strategies employed to mitigate them. Despite extensive theorisation of politeness, empirical studies in many African languages remain scarce. This study analyses the politeness strategies used by Matengo speakers to mitigate face-threatening acts (FTAs) in casual conversations. The research adopted a qualitative, descriptive design and was conducted in Mbinga District, Ruvuma Region, Tanzania. Data were collected through audio recording of naturally occurring conversations, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews with Matengo native speakers. The interviews were intended to confirm the information collected through participant observation. A total of ten conversational transcripts and interviews with fifteen informants were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that Matengo speakers employ a range of politeness strategies to mitigate FTAs. The strategies include the use of past tense forms when making requests, plural personal pronouns with singular reference, the politeness clitic oti/ote ‘please’, diminutive morphemes ka- and tu-, and traditional specific address names. These strategies function to minimise imposition, signal deference, and protect the negative face of interlocutors. The study further demonstrates that politeness in Matengo is strongly shaped by social variables, including age, kinship relations, marital status, and relative power, resulting in a predominance of vertical politeness over horizontal solidarity-based politeness. This study, therefore, provides insights into how Matengo speakers maintain respect, harmony and order within their community. Furthermore, the findings document linguistic practices that may be at risk of change due to language contact