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Methodological Contribution to the Detection of Backward Linkages Between Sectors of the Economy
No full textIn national accounting, there are several synthetic indicators derived from the Leontief inverse, referred to as Total Material Requirement coefficients, which are commonly used in efficiency analyses and are known as input-output multipliers. Among the many indices that can be elaborated from input-output analysis, those related to the detection of key sectors are of special relevance since measuring the importance of a productive sector is especially relevant for policymakers when facing the need to make decisions to promote economic growth. There are two main alternative methods to identify key economic sectors, namely the Classical Multiplier method and the Hypothetical Extraction method (HEM), which essentially differ on the role of internal effects (the impact experienced by the sector in question). While the Classical method quantifies these internal effects, the HEM considers only the external impact. The latter method enables calculating backward linkages by isolating the column corresponding to demand-side sectors. However, such an alteration of the economic system can seem unrealistic and may give rise to doubts as to whether the results are biased, which in turn would cause incorrect public investment and false sectoral priorities. This paper offers an alternative method to detect key sectors based on a normalization of the Leontief inverse. After discussing the properties of the proposed standardization, the HEM, the Classical Multiplier method, and the one proposed here, are formally and empirically compared by using the 2010 input-output tables for Poland and Spain. The findings indicate that distinguishing and disaggregating the external effects from those that are purely internal has relevant policy implications. This disaggregation can be achieved through the proposed methodology, while avoiding the criticisms mentioned regarding the HEM, and with less effort required to calculate it. Keywords: Leontief inverse,(original abstract
Macro and Bank Specific Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Polish Commercial Banks
No full textThe aim of this paper was to examine the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) in Polish commercial banks, and investigate the bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of NPLs for a panel of 18 banks from Poland, using annual data for the period 2005-2018. The authors applied four alternative estimation techniques: the fixed effects model, the random effects model, the difference Generalized Method of Moments and the system Generalized Method of Moments. The analyses show the bank-specific determinants, with the impact on the amount of NPLs including greturn on equity and growth of gross loans, while from the macroeconomic determinants the most important factors are: GDP growth, domestic credit to private sector, public debt and unemployment.(original abstract
Escape from Middle Income Trap: an Export Structure Approach to the Case of Poland
No full textPoland, although a few years ago was indicated among the countries that were in danger of falling into the middle income trap, nowadays in most studies is counted among the rich countries. Poland was examined in this article as a successful case of "escaping from middle income trap". This article searched for the keys to the success story of Poland among its trade patterns. In the analysis the author used the product space approach first developed by Hidalgo et al. (2007), and added to it market analysis, mainly using the growth-share matrix of the Boston Consulting Group, first formulated by Henderson (1970). The results show that Poland is achieving a healthy transformation towards medium technology automotive and engineering products and some high technology products. To improve its position in world markets, Poland should also carefully examine the market structure of its exports.(original abstract
Understanding Visitors\u27 Motivations of Sharing Experiences Related to Hungarian Tourism Events and Festivals
No full textFor Generation Z (born after 1995) tourism during the summer usually means visiting festivals (especially music festivals) seeking extraordinary experiences. For them the classic tourist attractions are not satisfying and interesting anymore. The aim of the paper was to examine the measurement methods for sharing experiences related to these festivals and tourist programmes, and understand how other tourists use these shared experiences during the information gathering phase. The methodology is based on literature review and quantitative primary research. A structured questionnaire was used for the quantitative research focusing on the motivations of sharing travel experience and sources of information gathering. The data were collected by means of an on line survey via LimeSurvey, and descriptive statistics was used to interpret the acquired data. As a result of the quantitative research, three different groups of Hungarian youngsters visiting local music festivals were formed. For them, sharing that experience means different things: some only create memories for themselves, some try to create valuable content that may help others, and some want to become a social media celebrity. They use social media and they also gather information in a different way. Knowing how these groups use social media to share experiences and to get information are key factors for marketing managers in order to use an efficient communication method with each group. It is also an important factor to understand the differences in people\u27s motivations with the aim to create a well-planned marketing campaign.(original abstract
Purchasing Power Parity in Belt and Road Initiative Countries Relative to China
No full textThis paper used the Panel KSS unit root test accompanied by a Fourier function and Sequential Panel Selection Method (SPSM) to check the non-stationary properties of purchasing power parity (PPP) in Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) countries relative to China. The authors classified B&R into 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) to discuss the differences in PPP between the two groups. Stationary and non-stationary series in SREB and MSR can be picked out through this approach, which provided evidence that PPP holds in most countries in both regions. However, the percentage of countries that support PPP in MSR is higher, which is mainly due to closer unimpeded trade, facilities connectivity, policy coordination and financial integration between MSR countries and China. Hence, the main policies implicate that the equilibrium exchange rate can be determined by PPP, and it is unfeasible to obtain abnormal gains from arbitrage in exchanged commodities in the majority of B&R countries.(original abstract
Does the Risk Matter? The Study of the Effect of Earnings Risk on Employee Mobility in the Labour Market
No full textThis paper attempts to evaluate some implications of the risk of investment in human capital on employee mobility in the United Kingdom. Previous empirical studies showed that the earnings risk affects individual educational and occupational choices. However, the focus was not on the risk associated with investment in job-related training. Given the fact that training benefits for the employee (return on investment) can hardly be predicted accurately, it was hypothesized that financial (earnings) risk has a significant impact on employee labour market mobility. Using the rich panel data from the eighteen waves of the British Household Panel Survey, the study investigated the effect of the risk on employees\u27 voluntary job changes. The results indicate that the higher risk of investment in job-related training leads to a higher probability of promotion or finding a new job.(original abstract
Rekomendacja podręcznika pt. Szkodliwe substancje w żywności. Pochodzenie, działanie, zagrożenia dla zdrowia pod redakcją Agaty Witczak i Zdzisława E. Sikorskiego
No full textCity Branding as a Tool of Public Administration
No full textThe article examines the formation of the city brand as a tool of public administration for increased competitiveness. The authors present a definition of \u27city branding\u27 and marketing features of territorial branding, scientific tools developed for diagnostics, as well as development of the territorial brand, and directions of promotion of the city brand as a factor of increasing its competitiveness. The purpose was a theoretical and practical justification for the formation of the city\u27s brand as a way to increase its competitiveness. The methodological basis of the study was a set of theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge: theoretical generalization in order to clarify the basic theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of branding the city; analysis and synthesis in determining the strategic directions and target audiences of the city brand; the formation of directions for the promotion of the city brand; visual of the results of the study.(original abstract)W artykule omówiono kształtowanie marki miasta jako narzędzia administracji publicznej służącego podnoszeniu konkurencyjności. Scharakteryzowano definicję "brandingu miasta" i cechy marketingowe brandingu terytorialnego; opracowane narzędzia naukowe do diagnostyki i rozwoju marki terytorialnej; rozwijane są kierunki promocji marki miasta jako czynnika wzrostu jego konkurencyjności. Celem jest teoretyczne i praktyczne uzasadnienie kształtowania marki miasta jako sposobu na zwiększenie jego konkurencyjności. Podstawę metodologiczną opracowania stanowi zespół teoretycznych i empirycznych metod poznania naukowego: uogólnienie teoretyczne - w celu wyjaśnienia podstaw teoretycznych i metodologicznych koncepcji brandingu miasta; analiza i synteza - w określaniu kierunków strategicznych i docelowych odbiorców marki miasta, kształtowanie kierunków promocji marki miasta; obraz graficzny z wizualnym przedstawieniem wyników badania.(abstrakt oryginalny
Factors Activating the Development of Towns with a Spa and Touristic Character in Lower Silesia during 2015-2019
No full textThe study examined the development process of towns in the Polish region Lower Silesia. It analysed seven units with a very specific function - spa and tourist resort. The final comparison considered the period of 2015-2019. The conducted analysis was based on a taxonomic method that examined local explanatory factors towards the territorial aspect of development. The initial research findings show that towns can be an important link in regional settlement units, but only those who developed specific endogenous functions are performing well and respond to changing economic patterns and economic globalisation. In this case spa and touristic character were analysed. (original abstract)Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań dotyczące procesów rozwoju miast o charakterze uzdrowiskowym i turystycznym na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 2015-2019. Analiza została przeprowadzona w oparciu o metody taksonomiczne z uwzględnieniem czynników bazujących na terytorialnych aspektach rozwoju. Wstępna analiza pokazała, że małe i średnie miasta mogą mieć wpływ na rozwój całego regionu, ale szczególnie te miasta, które spełniają specyficzne, endogeniczne funkcje, rozwijają się i są w stanie podążać za zmieniającymi się wzorcami rozwoju i globalizacją.(abstrakt oryginalny
Warunki stymulujące i ograniczające kreatywność pracowników w zwinnej organizacji
No full textThe effective functioning of an agile organization requires appropriate adaptation of solutions in the field of human capital management to its essence. The creativity of its employees is a key challenge and condition for the success of an agile organization. Therefore, the conditions for shaping this competence will be discussed. The authors will present a model of human capital management system in an agile organization and indicate specific features and tools. Based on this background, they will explain the significant differences between flexible and agile human capital management. The aim of the article is to identify factors contributing to the development of employee creativity, as well as to reveal potential barriers in this process. A review of the literature on the subject and the results of secondary research have been used to develop it further. The bases for conclusions are the results of the case studies and good practices of the companies successfully applying agile management.(original abstract)Skuteczne funkcjonowanie zwinnej organizacji wymaga odpowiedniego dostosowania do jej istoty rozwiązań w dziedzinie zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi. Kluczowym wyzwaniem i warunkiem sukcesu zwinnej organizacji jest kreatywność jej pracowników. W związku z tym przedmiotem rozważań będą warunki kształtowania tej kompetencji. Autorki przedstawią model systemu ZZL w organizacji zwinnej oraz wskażą specyficzne cechy i narzędzia. Na tym tle wyjaśnią istotne różnice między elastycznym i zwinnym zarządzaniem zasobami ludzkimi. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników sprzyjających rozwojowi kreatywności pracowników, a także ujawnienie potencjalnych barier w tym procesie. Do jego opracowania wykorzystano przegląd literatury przedmiotu i wyników badań wtórnych. Podstawę wnioskowania stanowią wyniki analizy przypadków oraz dobrych praktyk z firm stosujących z sukcesem zwinne zarządzanie.(abstrakt oryginalny