Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics and Business Journals
Not a member yet
1278 research outputs found
Sort by
„PRZYGODY JANKA NA CZARNYM LĄDZIE”, CZYLI ŻYCIE I DZIEŁO JANA CZEKANOWSKIEGO
No full textJan Czekanowski (1882-1965) was a Polish anthropologist, explorer, and pioneer of statistical methods. In the interwar period, he established the Lwów School of Anthropology, globally associated with the Polish School of Anthropology. He was the creator of the method now known as the Czekanowski diagram and the author of the first Polish-language textbook on mathematical statistics. This article aims to introduce the life and scientific achievements of this researcher.Jan Czekanowski (1882-1965) był polskim antropologiem, podróżnikiem i pionierem metod statystycznych. W dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym stworzył Lwowską Szkołę antropologii, utożsamianą na świecie z Polską Szkołą Antropologii, był twórcą metody zwanej dziś diagramem Czekanowskiego i autorem pierwszego w języku polskim podręcznika do statystki matematycznej. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie kolei życia i dokonań naukowych tego badacza
Recenzja książki: Elżbieta Bombińska, Modele świadczenia usług w handlu międzynarodowym
No full textIt is vital to recognise the author’s selection of subject matter as appropriate and significant as it pertains to a crucial aspect within the two foremost global economic megatrends: globalisation and regional integration. As is commonly known, generally speaking, these megatrends revolve around the notable growth in economic connections between nations around the world and in various regions. In addition, with the dynamic and non-linear growth in the flow of goods, capital, technology, knowledge and the mobility of people, services play a crucial role as an integral component that contributes to these evolving dynamics. According to the author (p. 12), the growth rate of trade in services has far exceeded that of trade in goods in the past three decades. For instance, while the volume of trade in goods increased fourfold between 1995 and 2018, the value of global trade in services witnessed a fivefold increase. The reasons behind this phenomenon can be attributed to both internal and external factors. Internally, rapid economic development in several market-oriented countries after World War II resulted in increased prosperity, shifting consumption patterns, and a rise in the demand for services. This demand was also driven by the need to manage leisure time and address the ageing populations. Externally, a combination of technical, technological, economic, political, and socioeconomic conditions contributed to the complex landscape of exogenous factors influencing this trend. However, despite societies becoming more focused on providing services internally, the share of services in international trade has not increased. In 2018, the service sector accounted for two- thirds of global GDP and almost 60% of jobs, but according to balance of payments statistics, it only generated about 24% of the value of global trade. The author of the paper highlights this paradox, pointing to reasons such as the development of invisible IT services in cross-border trade and official restrictions on them, and argues that the fundamental issue lies in the underestimation of global trade in services, which is a result of how it is defined and measured.It is vital to recognise the author’s selection of subject matter as appropriate and significant as it pertains to a crucial aspect within the two foremost global economic megatrends: globalisation and regional integration. As is commonly known, generally speaking, these megatrends revolve around the notable growth in economic connections between nations around the world and in various regions. In addition, with the dynamic and non-linear growth in the flow of goods, capital, technology, knowledge and the mobility of people, services play a crucial role as an integral component that contributes to these evolving dynamics. According to the author (p. 12), the growth rate of trade in services has far exceeded that of trade in goods in the past three decades. For instance, while the volume of trade in goods increased fourfold between 1995 and 2018, the value of global trade in services witnessed a fivefold increase. The reasons behind this phenomenon can be attributed to both internal and external factors. Internally, rapid economic development in several market-oriented countries after World War II resulted in increased prosperity, shifting consumption patterns, and a rise in the demand for services. This demand was also driven by the need to manage leisure time and address the ageing populations. Externally, a combination of technical, technological, economic, political, and socioeconomic conditions contributed to the complex landscape of exogenous factors influencing this trend. However, despite societies becoming more focused on providing services internally, the share of services in international trade has not increased. In 2018, the service sector accounted for two- thirds of global GDP and almost 60% of jobs, but according to balance of payments statistics, it only generated about 24% of the value of global trade. The author of the paper highlights this paradox, pointing to reasons such as the development of invisible IT services in cross-border trade and official restrictions on them, and argues that the fundamental issue lies in the underestimation of global trade in services, which is a result of how it is defined and measured
Social Capital in Smart Development
Get PDFSmart development, primarily based on smart city technologies, also requires the existence of smart communities. Smart communities are influenced by social developments in the community, which are dynamic and determined by individuals’ social levels. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the use of social capital in building a smart society. The author draws attention to the significance of social capital in terms of social innovations and participation in the sustainable development of the smart city. The article uses the qualitative method analysis i.e. a literature review, and discusses (often critically) the relevance of particular forms, types and functions of social capital to smart development. The author explored how the use of social capital in the community encourages community empowerment and innovative activities and accelerates the development of a smart community. The results confirm that trust, appropriate norms and cooperation among residents affect smart development. Accordingly, social capital is essential in developing smart communities and smart cities. The paper’s original contribution opens the prospects for further research on social capital.Smart development, primarily based on smart city technologies, also requires the existence of smart communities. Smart communities are influenced by social developments in the community, which are dynamic and determined by individuals’ social levels. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the use of social capital in building a smart society. The author draws attention to the significance of social capital in terms of social innovations and participation in the sustainable development of the smart city. The article uses the qualitative method analysis i.e. a literature review, and discusses (often critically) the relevance of particular forms, types and functions of social capital to smart development. The author explored how the use of social capital in the community encourages community empowerment and innovative activities and accelerates the development of a smart community. The results confirm that trust, appropriate norms and cooperation among residents affect smart development. Accordingly, social capital is essential in developing smart communities and smart cities. The paper’s original contribution opens the prospects for further research on social capital
Blockchain Technology and the Use of Municipal Cryptocurrencies in Metropolitan Planning
Get PDFThis paper examines the potential use of blockchain technology in metropolitan planning by focusing on municipal cryptocurrencies as a new type of crypto financing. Decentralisation through blockchain technology offers several advantages for the provision of metropolitan services: transparency, security, participation, productivity and immutability. The transformation of traditional municipal Efeservices into smart city functions raises the importance of blockchain technology for metropolitan planning. Blockchain technology can be used in metropolitan planning for several analytical purposes: transportation planning, logistics planning, demarcation of metropolitan borders and metropolitan hinterland, mapping urban morphologies, accessibility analysis of metropolitan services and monitoring of metropolitan safety services. Here, labour market data, commuting data, statistical regional data and jurisdiction data are the main components of metropolitan analysis. Municipal cryptocurrencies incentivise and enrich the processes of data management for metropolitan planning. In the paper, one potential application of municipal cryptocurrencies is briefly exemplified by a peer-to-peer (P2P) transmission and incentivisation of commuting data for metropolitan areas.This paper examines the potential use of blockchain technology in metropolitan planning by focusing on municipal cryptocurrencies as a new type of crypto financing. Decentralisation through blockchain technology offers several advantages for the provision of metropolitan services: transparency, security, participation, productivity and immutability. The transformation of traditional municipal Efeservices into smart city functions raises the importance of blockchain technology for metropolitan planning. Blockchain technology can be used in metropolitan planning for several analytical purposes: transportation planning, logistics planning, demarcation of metropolitan borders and metropolitan hinterland, mapping urban morphologies, accessibility analysis of metropolitan services and monitoring of metropolitan safety services. Here, labour market data, commuting data, statistical regional data and jurisdiction data are the main components of metropolitan analysis. Municipal cryptocurrencies incentivise and enrich the processes of data management for metropolitan planning. In the paper, one potential application of municipal cryptocurrencies is briefly exemplified by a peer-to-peer (P2P) transmission and incentivisation of commuting data for metropolitan areas
Wpływ zarządzania łańcuchem wartości na kształtowanie grup strategicznych w sektorze polskich banków spółdzielczych
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to apply factor analysis to research on the cooperative banking sector in the field of strategic group analysis and the theory of value chain developed by Porter. Data from 325 cooperative banks operating in Poland between 2008 and 2020 were used for quantitative research. They are used to illustrate the changes taking place in cooperative banks against the background of the macroeconomic situation and to illustrate the scope of economic activity conducted by individual entities. The use of factor analysis allowed to distinguish 11 factors, the interpretation of which brings more synthetic knowledge about the strategy implemented by individual banks. Four discovered variables determining the bank’s product policy, which were used to distinguish strategic groups in the cooperative banking sector, are of particular importance. They also make it possible to build assessments of the effectiveness of the adopted market strategies and effectiveness strategies for individual strategic groups.Celem artykułu jest zastosowanie analizy czynnikowej do badania sektora banków spółdzielczych przy wykorzystaniu teorii dotyczących grup strategicznych oraz teorii łańcucha wartości sformułowanej przez Portera. Do badań ilościowych wykorzystane zostały dane 325 banków spółdzielczych działających na terenie Polski za okres 2008-2020. Przy ich użyciu zobrazowano zmiany zachodzące w bankach spółdzielczych na tle sytuacji makroekonomicznej, a także zilustrowano rozpiętość działań biznesowych prowadzonych przez poszczególne podmioty. Zastosowanie analizy czynnikowej pozwoliło wyodrębnić 11 faktorów, których interpretacja przynosi bardziej syntetyczną wiedzę o realizowanej strategii przez poszczególne banki. Szczególne znaczenie mają cztery odkryte zmienne określające politykę produktową banku, które zostały wykorzystane do wyodrębnienia grup strategicznych w sektorze banków spółdzielczych. Uzyskane wyniki umożliwiają pogłębioną analizę modeli biznesowych banków spółdzielczych. Pozwalają również na budowanie ocen skuteczności realizowanej strategii rynkowej i efektywnościowej dla poszczególnych grup strategicznych
Potencjał obszarów metropolitalnych w ochronie zdrowia
Get PDFMetropolitan areas have a significant potential in the area of health care, accumulating capitals that, properly used, can contribute to improving population health. The aim of the study is to analyze the functional aspects of the health care system in the metropolitan area, with particular attention being paid to the tasks of public entities. The research method was a review of literature, reports, legal acts as well as an analysis and comparison of the infrastructural and human potentials of the health care system between the Śląskie Voivodeship and its metropolitan area. It provides a basis for thinking about the rational planning of public spending, the development of health policy strategies, as well as the management of the health system. It indicates potential directions of development that can lead to a more effective and adequate to health needs allocation of financial and organizational resources. The current view of the form and tasks of metropolitan areas should be redefined by strengthening their role in the health system. Such a solution is the realization of the vision of cooperation of the cities forming a metropolis as a functional and cooperative system instead of a competing one. This is because metropolises are areas where it is possible to realize a different formula for the organization and management of health care than in the rest of the country. This is due to the materialization of the idea of flexible management with the use of modern communication techniques, knowledge transfer and high specialization, based on the existing communication network, infrastructure and saturation of human capital, including medical professionals.Metropolie mają znaczny potencjał w obszarze ochrony zdrowia, kumulując kapitały, które odpowiednio wykorzystane mogą przyczyniać się do poprawy stanu zdrowia populacji. Celem artyku- łu jest dokonanie analizy aspektów funkcjonalnych systemu ochrony zdrowia w obszarze metropolital- nym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zadań jednostek publicznych. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano przegląd literatury, raportów branżowych, aktów prawnych oraz analizę i porównanie potencjałów infra- strukturalnych i kadrowych systemu ochrony zdrowia pomiędzy województwem śląskim a jego obszarem metropolitalnym. Artykuł stanowi podstawę do namysłu nad racjonalnym planowaniem wydatków pu- blicznych, opracowywaniem strategii polityki zdrowotnej, a także zarządzaniem systemem zdrowotnym. Wskazuje potencjalne kierunki rozwoju, które mogą prowadzić do bardziej skutecznej i adekwatnej wzglę- dem potrzeb zdrowotnych alokacji zasobów finansowych i organizacyjnych. Obecne spojrzenie na formę i zadania obszarów metropolitalnych zostało redefiniowane przez wzmocnienie ich roli w systemie ochro- ny zdrowia, co należy rozumieć jako zmianę układu z rywalizującego na kooperujący. Metropolie stanowią bowiem obszary, na których możliwa jest realizacja innej niż w pozostałych częściach kraju formuły orga- nizacji oraz zarządzania ochroną zdrowia. Wynika to z materializacji idei elastycznego zarządzania przy użyciu nowoczesnych technik komunikacji, transferu wiedzy oraz wysokiej specjalizacji z wykorzystaniem istniejącej sieci komunikacyjnej, infrastrukturalnej i dostępności profesjonalistów medycznych
Modelling casino hospitality business cycles
Get PDFThis study decomposes the casino hospitality business cycles of Las Vegas and Macao into highgrowth states (HGS) and low-growth states (LGS) using a Markov switching model. The casino gaming sector in Macao experiences greater fluctuations than the sector in Las Vegas due to more volatility in tourism flows; that is, Macao has a slightly higher HGS and a considerably lower LGS than Las Vegas. Las Vegas’s hospitality cycle appears to be more robust than Macao’s, although both hospitality cycles are desirably asymmetric. Various factors, including external business cycles and supply-side factors, affect local hospitality cycles. In terms of policy suggestions, the study’s results suggest that promotional marketing must be strengthened in Las Vegas, and Macao must diversify its industrial base
Corporate competitiveness and communication practice in communication technologies – international comparison
No full textThe technological changes of the Industry 4.0 period and the spread of communication and information technologies allow for a more efficient diversification of products and services in response to changing consumer needs. Modern ICT tools are used by all companies to varying degrees. The main aim of the primary research on which this study is based was to assess the challenges of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Slovakia and Hungary, the factors influencing their competitiveness, and from this to learn which are the most effective communication technologies in Industry 4.0. The primary research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey, and the number of items of the examined international sample was 275 (145 SMEs in Hungary and 130 in Slovakia). In addition to the descriptive statistical analyses, the research questions and the related hypotheses were tested by ANOVA table and cluster analysis. The respondents from the two countries also have a unified view of the factors that help increase competitiveness. In connection with the cluster analysis, it can be stated that the business activity does not fundamentally affect whether the individual companies belong to the group of environmentally conscious people who rely on human resources and digitalisation, or to the group with negative attitudes who do not trust it. Companies still consider the constantly updated corporate website to be the most effective means of corporate communication, and although communication on social media is becoming more and more valuable, the respondents believe that the shift in communication through the website which would have been replaced by communication via the social network has not yet taken place
Discrimination against women in the local labour markets of Eastern Poland
No full textThis study discusses the effect of spatial factors, understood as distances between counties (Pl. ‘powiat’), on the increase in unemployment rates in Eastern Poland, and also aims to determine the effect of business cycles on unemployment by gender. The research project was based on the methods of spatial econometrics used to analyse panel data collected in the period 2010-2020 in 101 counties in Eastern Poland (NUTS 4). The study led to the conclusion that women needed a longer time to get a job than men in the phase of economic expansion. In times of rising unemployment in the local labour markets of Eastern Poland, women left the workforce at a greater rate than men, and when unemployment in those markets fell, women remained out of work for a longer time
Kapitał intelektualny jako istotny czynnik konkurencyjności polskich województw w latach 2016-2020
Get PDFThe main purpose of this article is to identify the cause-effect relationships between intellectual capital of the Polish regions and their competitive position. This study applies PLS-PM method. The obtained results confirmed that intellectual capital is an important factor of regional competitiveness. The greatest impact on the competitive position of the Polish regions in 2019 turned out to be activity capital and knowledge capital, which affected image capital. Image capital could explain competitive position of the Polish regions do the tune of 88,1% (R2 = 0,881). The research confirmed that the highest level of intellectual capital has the Mazowieckie, which is the most competitive Polish region among other. Finally, the conducted research showed that the components of intellectual capital of the Polish regions identified as important factors of regional competitiveness in 2019 were also important factors of competitiveness in the three preceding years (2016, 2017, 2018) and in 2020.Celem artykułu jest analiza zależności przyczynowo-skutkowych zachodzących pomiędzy komponentami kapitału intelektualnego województw a ich pozycją konkurencyjną. W tym celu zastosowano metodę PLS-PM. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły, że kapitał intelektualny jest istotnym czynnikiem konkurencyjności województw. Największy wpływ na pozycję konkurencyjną województw w 2019 roku miały kapitał osobowościowy i kapitał wiedzy, które istotnie wpływały na poprawę kapitału wizerunku województw. Kapitał wizerunku wyjaśnił ostatecznie ponad 88% zmienności pozycji konkurencyjnej województw. Badania potwierdziły, że największy poziom kapitału intelektualnego ma województwo mazowieckie, które zajmuje także najwyższą pozycję konkurencyjną. Ponadto przeprowadzone badanie pokazało, że komponenty kapitału intelektualnego zidentyfikowane jako istotne czynniki konkurencyjności województw w 2019 roku były również istotnymi czynnikami konkurencyjności w każdym z trzech wcześniejszych lat (2016, 2017, 2018) oraz w roku 2020