Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science
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Determination of pest aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their natural enemies on some vegetables (Solanaceae) in Hatay province
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Generation-Units: A Theoretical Discussion and Some Historical Evidence from the European Avant-Garde Art Movements
No full textThis study provides a discussion on the term generation-unit, which has a central position in Karl Mannheim’s sociology of generation, with its theoretical implications and with some examples on European Avant-Garde art movements in its historical dimension. Generation-units are defined as integrative attitudes that bring members of generations together. Generations consist of social groups of differentiated tendencies competing with each other. The generational identity is formed and represented by the dominant generation-units within a generation. Generation-units are discussed mostly through historical and intellectual movements because of the intensive inner-generational diversity and antagonism. In this study, the European Avant-Garde art movements are evaluated as one of the historical examples in which generation-units are embodied. European Avant-Garde art movements, with an influential critique to modernity, manifest themselves through differing generational experiences in Western and Eastern Europe. The Western European Avant-Garde emerges as a generation-unit that has been decisive for many generations in field of art, politics and social theory, from the late nineteenth to the mid twentieth century. The Eastern European Avant-Garde, represented by the Russian Avant-Garde, is a shorter-lived generation-unit and is significant in its conflict with the political generation-units of the Soviet revolution generation and its extinction by them.</p
Screening of Known and New Emerging Viruses in Rubus Species by RT-PCR and Whole Genome Analysis of Idaeovirus rubi (Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus) by High-Throughput Sequencing in Turkiye
No full textAlthoughmore than 40 viruses infect Rubusspp., the most common one in Turkiye is Idaeovirusrubi (raspberry bushy dwarf virus) (RBDV). Besides raspberries, RBDV caninfect blackberries and some hybrid berry fruits, causing stunting, yellowingof leaves, crumbly fruits, and sometimes latent infections. The first aim ofthis study was screening of 303 randomly selected Rubus plants for thepresence of new emerging viruses such as strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV:Ilarvirus), blackberry chloroticringspot virus) (BCRV: Ilarvirus),black raspberry necrosis virus (Sadwavirusrubi: BRNV), blackberry yellow vein associated virus (Crinivirus rubi: BYVaV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (Closterovirus macularubi: RLMV) andalready known viruses such as tomato ringspot virus (Nepovirus lycopersici: ToRSV) and tobacco ringspot virus (Nepovirus nicotianae :TRSV) by RT-PCR analysis. Second aim is whole genome analysis of Turkish RBDVisolatesusing high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and Sanger sequencing techniques.The surveyresults showed 26.7 percent of the plantswere infected by RBDV, while none of the other viruses were detected. Nine RBDV-positiveblackberry samples from Hatay province were pooled and subjected to VANA-HTS(virion-associated nucleic acid HTS) method. Following HTS analysis, thecomplete genomes of Turkish RBDV isolates were determined. Several specificprimer pairs were designed according to HTS results and the amlpicons weredirectly sequenced. Consequently , the complete genomes of 7 blackberry and 13raspberry RBDV isolates were obtained. In the phylogenetic trees drawn for theRNA1, RNA2 and RNA3 nucleotide sequences of Turkish RBDV isolates, allraspberry isolates (including global isolates) clustered together while blackberriesisolates placed in a separate group. Among blackberry isolates, Hatay isolates wereplaced in a separate clade in both phylogenetic trees together with morevariant RBDV isolates obtained from grapevine and cherry, which have recently beenreported as natural hosts of RBDV. The findings shows that the geneticdiversity of RBDV is much broader than previously documented and there is nohost-based grouping. </p
