Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science
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Comparison of total phenolic content in organic and conventional carrot under different drying conditions using non-destructive analysis techniques
No full textCurrent evidence indicates that the higher nutritional value of organic foods, compared to their conventional counterparts, significantly impacts consumer demand. However, the application of thermal processes during processing may lead to a loss of nutritional values, including total phenolics and antioxidants, thereby failing to meet consumer expectations. Phenolics, known as some of the most potent natural antioxidants and are typically assessed through biochemical tests based on the concentration and reactivity of antioxidant compounds. However, the extraction methods can affect the accuracy of phenolic content measurement. In this study, the total phenolic (TP) (mg/100 g) capacity of fresh, hot air (HA)-dried, and intermittent microwave (IMW)-dried organic and conventional black carrots were compared, and the detectability of these compounds using a colorimeter and FT-NIRS was evaluated. PLSR models developed for estimating the TP content using FT-NIRS resulted in successful outcomes (IMW: R2val = 0.78, RMSEP = 51.4 mg/100 g; HA: R2val = 0.70, RMSEP = 63.0 mg/100 g). The highest prediction accuracy was achieved with drying treatments at 300 W (R2val = 0.95, RMSEP = 5.1 mg/100 g) and 450 W (R2val = 0.83, RMSEP = 50.7 mg/100 g), as well as at 80 °C (R2val = 0.90, RMSEP = 21.0 mg/100 g). The drying methods significantly influenced the TP content and the accuracy of TP prediction in samples. Additionally, organic carrots contained a higher level of total phenolic compared to conventional
Determination of the herbicide resistance status of local population of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) weeds collected from paddy fields in different regions of Türkiye using rapid method
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Bir Türkiye EKMUD HIV/AIDS Çalışma Grubu Analizi, HIVile Yaşayan Kişilerde VZV Serolojisinin ve Zona ÖyküsününDeğerlendirilmesi
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Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Vertical Dimension LossDue to Bruxism-Related Attrition: A Case Report
No full textDoes income growth affect renewable energy or carbon emissions first? A Fourier-based analysis for renewable and fossil energies
No full textEnvironmental issues and global warming continue to drive researchers to investigate the validity of hypotheses regarding the environment. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is the most popular hypothesis in the environmental economics, prompting researchers to propose a new hypothesis based on it. In this framework, the renewable energy Kuznets curve (RKC) hypothesis was proposed as a prerequisite for the EKC. According to the RKC, at the beginning of the economic growth process, an economy tends to use fossil fuels and reduce the use of renewable energy (RE) because fossil fuels are cheap. Then, as economic growth process continues and income reaches a threshold/turning point, the economy begins to rely more on RE sources. Such RE use indicates a U-shaped association between income and RE (the RKC hypothesis). Based on this information, the study compares the validity of EKC and RKC for the United States (USA) and aims to answer the question of whether the increase in per capita income initially increases RE or decreases carbon emissions. To test and compare the EKC and the RKC simultaneously and to capture smooth structural shifts, this paper uses time series techniques based on the Fourier method from 1973 to 2022. This paper presents results that support the validity of RKC and EKC. The outcomes also illustrate that the turning point of income is lower for the RKC hypothesis than for the EKC model. This suggests that the RKC hypothesis is a prerequisite for the EKC hypothesis. In other words, a higher income first helps in the deployment of renewable energies and then in the reduction of carbon emissions
Is Altered Surfactant Protein Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Associated with COVID-19 Disease Severity?
No full textBackground/Objectives: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia damages alveolar type II cells and disrupts surfactant homeostasis, contributing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D) are critical for reducing alveolar surface tension and for innate immune defense. We aimed to evaluate whether surfactant protein gene expression varies with the severity of COVID-19. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 122 adults with confirmed COVID-19, categorized as asymptomatic (no symptoms), mild (requiring hospitalization), or severe (requiring ICU admission). We quantified mRNA expression of surfactant protein genes (SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD) in blood cells using RT-qPCR. Relative expression was normalized to GAPDH and compared among the groups using the 2(-Delta Delta Ct) method. Outliers (Ct values > 3 SD from the mean) were excluded before analysis. Results: Distinct surfactant gene expression patterns were markedly associated with disease severity. Transcripts of SFTPB and SFTPC decreased with increasing severity of the disease. Notably, SFTPC expression was similar to 49-fold higher in mild cases compared to asymptomatic COVID-19-positive patients (p < 0.0001), but then decreased by similar to 54-fold in severe cases relative to mild (p < 0.0001), returning to near-baseline levels. In contrast, SFTPA2 and SFTPD were dramatically upregulated in severe cases. SFTPA2 was similar to 50-fold higher in severe versus mild cases (p < 0.0001), and SFTPD was similar to 4346-fold higher in severe versus asymptomatic cases (p < 0.0001; similar to 9.6-fold higher than in mild). SFTPA1 showed only a modest similar to 1.4-fold decrease in severe cases (vs. mild). All noted differences remained statistically significant after outlier exclusion. Conclusions: COVID-19 severity is correlated with profound changes in surfactant gene expression in blood. Critically ill patients exhibit loss of key surfactant components (SP-B and SP-C transcripts) alongside an excessive SP-D response. These preliminary findings suggest an imbalance that may contribute to lung injury in severe disease. However, further validation is needed to establish surfactant proteins, such as SP-D, as biomarkers of COVID-19 severity
