Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Assessing Vocational Education Outcomes: With Special Reference to Ethiopia
No full textThis paper attempts to elucidate the condi tionthat led to the "ntroduction of vocational programsinto secondary schools in Ethiopia .The viability of vocational programs correlateswith other development processes . In the ab en cof this ~ no educational programs could contributemuch to the society . In the Ethiopian situation ~the role of vocational education has not beenassessed to ascertain its benefits . Theintroduction of a program into any school systemshould not be an end in itself
Content and Effectiveness of Instructional Radio Programmes for the Teaching of English in Ethiopian Elementary Schools (A Descriptive and Experimental Case Study)
No full textThis thesis comprises of a descriptive and experimental study. The study has been conducted to investigate the content and test theeffectiveness of the English teaching radio programmes that arebroadcast to supplement the classroom English teaching. Each of thegrades from three to six, which are the grade levels for English in Ethiopian elementary schools, receives twenty six programmes intwenty six weeks in one academic year. This study describes all the one hundred and four programmes aired for the four grade levelsmentioned above. The relationship of the English teaching radio programmes with the classroom items and/or the English curriculumfor the elementary schools has been looked into. The suitability of the selected items for radio presentation has also been seen in thelight of the lengthy theoretical discussion contained in Chapter II on the nature of radio as a teaching media and the principle of selection,gradation, presentation and repetition for teaching English by radio.
The investigation thus carries out indicates that too many items are included (for the 15 minutes duration of each of the programmes) inthe radio programmes for grade three and four with continuing decrease in grades five and six - a trend that should have been reversed.The suitability for radio presentation of the items for grade three has been found to be satisfactory in that 116 of the 147 vocabulary items could be demonstrated by pictures and! or actions,objects, models. Again in here the degree of suitability for radio presentation of the selected items decreases in grades four, five and six.
The second part of this study describes thirty two (eight from each group) of the one hundred and four programmes for points consideredto be relevant for the programmes being effective to teach the items contained in the. This investigation indicates that the programmesare loaded with rote repetition drills and long sentences for repetition exercises; contain too few cues for pupil overt responses.The mode of presentation, however, has been found to be suitable for radio.
Furthermore, the same thirty-two programmes have also been tested in an actual classroom situation by comparisons of pre and postbroadcast oral test results of sampled students in three randomly selected elementary school in Bahir Dar town, Gojjam region. Twotailed t-tests of significance run for the thirty two programmes indicate that twenty eight of them have been effective, both at .01and .001. probability level, to teach the items contained in them. However, the writer has mentioned possible reasons for the successindicated by the statistics and lists some recommendations that might help to upgrade the quality of the English teaching radio programmesproduced in the future
A COMPARATIVE STATISTICAL STUDY OF MAJOR DISCIPLINE CHOICE OF SCIENCE FRESHMAN STUDENTS
No full textThis article compares the preference of freshman students of Addis Ababa University for the disciplines Architecture,Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics, Pharmacy, Physics, Statistics and Technology under the past socialist" and the present market economy systems
SOME ALTERNATIVE PREDICTORS OF FRESHMAN GPA ALONG WITH THE ESLCE IN ETHIOPIAN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING
No full textThe issue of student selectionfor hjgher education in Ethiopia remains to be a subject of scientific inquiry despite the various attempts of researchers totackle the problem. This paper is a further attempt to shade light on this pressing issue. More specifically, it is designed to (I) assess the predictive validity of th.eexisting admission criterion (i.e. ESLCE GPA), (2) explore other possible potent predictors of achievement and aptitude, (3) find out if there is a need to fit separate regression equation for the various faculties, and (4) determine the effect of certain background variables on the selected predictor.a for inclusion in the regression equation. Subjects of the study include 256 randomly selectedfreshman students from the three faculties of AA U (Medicine, /itltural Science, and Social Science) and Alemaya Agricultural University in f99I. The analysis is carried out using the correlation and regression mf)(fels along with other descripti,ve and inferential statistical techniques. Resuffs show that three alternative measures have significant predictive power with differing weights across faculties, the two sexes, and the place high school is attended ImplicatiOns are discussed and suggestion are given
The Influence of Augmented Reality on Enhancing Literacy and Numeracy Skills in Some Selected Pre-primary Schools in Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate the impact of Augmented Reality on children's literacy and numeracy skills in three selected pre-primary schools (i.e., Yeka-Abado, Miazia 23, and Gode pre-primary school) in Addis Ababa. A quasi-experimental design was employed, comparing a treatment group that received an Augmented Reality intervention with a control group that did not receive it. The study involved 66 children, comprising 33 children from the two pre-primary schools in the treatment group (who received the intervention) and 33 children from a larger population of pre-primary schools in the control group (Gode pre-primary school). The participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data was collected using the Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes instrument. Quantitative data analysis techniques such as percentage, mean, SD, and independent sample t-test were used. The major findings of the study demonstrated that the treatment group outperformed and statistically significant different from that of the control group in aggregate literacy and numeracy skills, although significant overage performances were not obtained across literacy and numeracy skills. In general, the use of Augmented Reality technology has improved complex skills (e.g., backwards and forward digit span) compared to simple literacy and numeracy skills (e.g., letter identification and number comparison) in literacy and numeracy. Poorly designed AR (e.g. neglecting the consultation of integrated pre-primary education curriculum and the play-based learning approach in the process of AR featuring), and behavioral/structural focus of AR strategy affect the proper practice and improve literacy and numeracy skills. This raised some worries about the agency of the children, though. When integrating Augmented Reality technology, the Ethiopian integrated pre-primary education curriculum should be taken into account, and the Augmented Reality materials should be prepared considering the cultural context of Ethiopi
University-Industry Linkages in Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Prospects
No full textThis study employs a comprehensive literature review and qualitative content analysis to identify and synthesize the current trends, challenges, and prospects of university-industry linkages (UIL) in Ethiopia. Currently, UIL has become a critical concern for nations and an integral economic component of many countries worldwide. UIL fosters innovation, drives economic growth, and bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial applications. It enables the commercialization of knowledge (research) and enhances industry productivity. Despite efforts to promote UIL in Ethiopia, the progress has been sluggish, accompanied by several challenges. While there is literature on UIL in Ethiopia, a significant problem persists in accessing and acquiring in-depth research or literature that adopts a comprehensive approach to the subject. This review aims to examine the status of UIL in Ethiopia. Through an analysis of 15 articles and 6 legal documents, the study identifies areas of collaboration, challenges faced, and legal frameworks that shaped UIL. The paper thoroughly analyzed research articles and legal documents to gain insights into the current landscape of UIL in Ethiopia. The result shows that the status of UIL in Ethiopia is in a nascent stage. Student internships, consultancies, and training initiatives are common forms of collaboration. Challenges identified encompass infrastructural limitations, knowledge gaps, weak institutional commitment, and awareness deficits. From the industry side, limited investment in research and development (R&D), lack of structured collaboration frameworks, and a perception of UIL as costly and impractical further hinder collaboration. From the government side, insufficient funding and weak enforcement of legal frameworks have contributed to the slow progress of UIL. The government's role in fostering a more robust UIL ecosystem remains weak. Legal documents, including UIL directives and policies, highlight efforts for alignment of technological development with national goals, emphasizing the multifaceted approach towards UIL. Despite facing challenges, there is optimism about the potential benefits of UIL, including practical industry exposure, financial support, and research opportunities. The findings stress the need for a collaborative and well-defined approach involving academia, industry, and the government to foster a vibrant UIL ecosystem. Based on these findings, recommendations for improving University Industry Collaboration (UIC) include strong legal enforcement mechanisms, increased investment in research and development (R&D), and the creation of more structured engagement instruments among universities, industries, and government. This comprehensive review reveals that the UIL landscape in Ethiopia is characterized by both promise and challenges, and exhibits sluggish progress. This review provides valuable insights for future research
Farmer’s Perceived Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Coping Strategies in Arsi Negelle Woreda, Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study examines trends in climate variability, smallholders' perceptions of changes in climate and its impacts on agricultural production; further it identifies the coping strategies implemented in the study area, Arsi Negelle Woreda. Data was collected through surveys with 131 households. In addition, annual average temperature and precipitation data from 1983 and 2016 were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. The study applied the Coefficient of Variation, Standard Rainfall Anomaly, a nonparametric Sen's slope estimator, and Mann–Kendall's trend tests to detect the magnitude and statistical significance of climate variability in the study area. The Multinomial regression models were used to analyze farmers' decisions to choose climate change coping strategies. The findings revealed that farmers recognize significant challenges like drought, crop failures, and pest outbreaks. Consequently, most farmers chose drought and disease-resistant short-season variety (75%), crop diversification (66%), and irrigation (47%) strategies to adapt to the changing climate. The regression model indicated that education, farmland size, sex of household head, access to credit, and market access and extension services were the key factors determining farmers' decisions to choose climate change coping practices. Thus, increasing their engagement in livelihood diversification is the best alternative way of coping mechanism. The study further concludes that area-specific coping strategies are crucial to reducing the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security
Impacts of Railway Development Induced Land Displacement on Households’ Livelihoods in South Wello Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study analyzed the impacts of land displacement due to railway development on households' livelihoods in the South Wello Zone of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Using both primary and secondary data, the research relied on the responses of 213 randomly selected households. It utilized ordered logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching. The findings demonstrated that advancing from elementary to tertiary education increases the likelihood of developing human capital in terms of skills and education by 3.80 (p < 0.001). Similarly, progressing from elementary to certificate training raises this likelihood by 1.90 (p < 0.001). Employment status also plays a pivotal role, with own-farm employment showing higher livelihood sustainability compared to other types of employment such as private business or organizational work. The findings emphasized the critical roles of education, employment opportunities, and resource accessibility in post-displacement livelihood recovery. The study calls for strategic interventions to address the challenges of land displacement and promote sustainable livelihoods throughout development intervention
The Governance of Urban Productive Safety Net Program in Lideta Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Full text linkEthiopia has been implementing and operationalizing the productive safety net program in rural and urban areas since 2005 and 2016, respectively, as an indispensable social protection initiative with the objective of ensuring food security, supporting livelihoods and building resilience. The program stands out as Africa's most significant social protection initiative due to its extensive nationwide coverage and substantial number of beneficiaries. The study was conducted with aim to explore the implementation of the urban productive safety net program and assess its alignment with the pillars of the good food security governance framework for food security established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A qualitative research approach and case study research design were employed based on their appropriateness for addressing the research objective. Thematic analysis, supported by Maxqda software, was used for the data analysis. The findings of the study analyzed through the good food security governance framework revealed that the practical operation of urban productive safety net program exhibited notable strengths in governance principles including participation, accountability, transparency, equality, and fairness. Some of the key indicators include active beneficiary involvement in decision-making, awareness of rights and duties, and availability of program’s information. However, limitations were identified concerning the rule of law, efficiency and effectiveness, and responsiveness. Some of the manifestations include discrimination instances, inadequate startup capital and support after graduation, absence of public work compensation insurance and the average response time to beneficiary requests, highlight areas that require improvement for better governance of the program. Therefore, to enhance the successful operationalization of the program, the government should improve targeting processes to ensure equality and fairness by addressing instances of bias that exclude the poor. Moreover, increasing the startup capital in line with inflation indices and providing ongoing follow up and support after graduation will conclusively help graduates establish sustainable livelihoods. Furthermore, implementing health insurance for beneficiaries and ensuring timely responses to their requests will strengthen the program's responsiveness. Furthermore, the overlooked good food security governance principles such as accountability, rule of law, and participation shall be incorporated into the urban productive safety net program implementation manual as recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization
Drivers of agricultural extension service delivery on soil and water conservation practices: evidence from North-Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Full text linkIn Ethiopia, the successful implementation of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) practices relies on the efforts of Development Agents (DAs) who provide support and guidance, as well as the willingness of farmers to adopt these practices. Hence, this study aimed to assess farmers’ opinions on the adequacy of SWC extension services; identify factors affecting the job performance of DAs; and identify factors affecting farmers’ receipt of SWC extension services. The study was conducted in the Western Amhara Region of Ethiopia in three administrative zones. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey, a self-administered questionnaire, and a checklist from nine kebeles, comprising 383 and 87 randomly selected farmers and DAs, respectively. The study found that farmers perceived DAs have been performing adequately for only approximately 40% of all types of SWC extension services. The result also confirmed that DAs have been performing effectively for only 35.7% of all types of SWC extension functions (five normative extension functions out of 14), and the remaining 64.3% of extension functions were performed poorly. Multiple linear regression model results confirmed that sex, age, and work experience are negatively related to DA’s job performance, whereas educational qualification is positively related. On the other hand, the model confirmed that sex and land holding size have been negatively related to farmers’ receipt of SWC extension service, whereas age, cosmopolitanism, and social participation are related positively. Therefore, the study concludes that farmers’ demand-driven extension service delivery is more effective when the above-listed farmers’ personal, socio-economic, and institutional characteristics are addressed, and policies and legal frameworks are in place to guide the extension service delivery. The Amhara National Regional State should deliver timely job training courses for DAs to enable them and update their skills in the areas of SWC practices