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ስፌት ተኮር ትምእርታዊ ጉዳዮች ትንተና በደቡብ ወሎ ዞን የተመረጡ ወረዳዎች
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አጠቃሎ
የጥናቱ ዓቢይ ዓላማ በተመረጡ የደቡብ ወሎ ወረዳዎች ያለውን የስፌት ትምእርታዊ ጉዳዮችን መመርመር ነው፡፡ መረጃዎች ከቀዳማይ እና ከካልዓይ ምንጮች በተለያዩ ዘዴዎች ተሰብስበው ተሰብስበዋል፡፡ ዓይነታዊ የምርምር ስልትን በመከተል የሥነ ትዕምርት ንድፈ ሃሳቦችን መሰረት በማድረግ፤ የፍሮይድ የአዕምሮ መዋቅራዊ ሞዴል የሆኑትን የስብዕና መዋቅሮች ማብራሪያ ሞዴሎች አኳያ በመፈተሽ፤ በይዘት ትንተና እና በትርጓሜ ስልት ተተንትነው ቀርበዋል፡፡ በትንታኔው መሰረት የጥናቱ ማኅበረሰብ ዘንድ የሚስተዋሉት የስፌት ተግባራት ትዕምርታቸው በፍካሬና በእማሬ የሚገለጽ ሲሆን፣ ሙያ፣ ሙያተኛ፣ ግብዓቶች፣ መሥሪያዎች እና ምርቶች ጋር መመሰያዎቹ የተያያዙ ናቸው፡፡ የመመሰያዎቹ አወካከልም ምስስሎሻዊ (resemblance)፣ ስምምነታዊ (symbolic) እና ምክንያታዊ (index) እንደሆነ ጥናቱ ያሳያል፡፡ ከስፌት ጋር ግንኙነት ያላቸው የፍካሬ ልቦና ጉዳዮች ሁለት መልክ ያላቸው ሲሆን፣ እነሱም የፍሮይድ የሰብዕና መዋቅሮች እና መንስኤዎች ናቸው፡፡ በኢድ የሰብዕና መዋቅር ሥነሕይወታዊ ጉዳዮች ሲጠቀሱ፣ በኢጎ ደግሞ ሥነልቦናዊ ጉዳዮች ይጠቀሳሉ፡፡ እንዲሁም በልዕለ ኢጎ ማኅበረ-ባህላዊ እና ግብረገባዊ ጉዳዮች ይጠቀሳሉ፡፡ ከስፌት ጋር በተያያዘ የተስተዋሉት ሥነቃላዊ ጉዳዮች ስር የክልከላ ንግግሮች፣ ፈሊጦች፣ ቃል ግጥሞች እና ተረኮች ሲጠቀሱ፣ ይዘታቸውም ከሙያዎቹ፣ ከሙያተኛው፣ ከግብዓት፣ ከመሥሪያ መሣሪያ፣ ከምርቶቹ ምንነት፣ ከተግባርና አጠቃቀም አውድ ጋር የተያያዙ ትዕምርታዊ ጉዳዮችን ማንጸባረቂያ መሆናቸውን ጥናቱ አመልክቷል፡፡ በጥናቱ የተስተዋሉ አዎንታዊ ግኝቶችን ሊያስቀጥሉ የሚችሉ፣ ከስፌት ጋር የተያያዙ ለውጦች፣ ቀጣይነቶች እና ጾታ ተኮር ጉዳዮችን በስፋትና በጥልቀት ጥናት ቢደረግ የሚሉ ምክረሃሳቦች በአጥኚው ተሰንዝረዋል፡፡
ቁልፍ ቃላት፤ [ስፌት፣ ትዕምርት፣ አወካከል፣ ሰብዕና]
 
መጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ አክሱማዊ? የዳዊት መዝሙር እንደማስረጃ: The inquiries of Zera Yaqob of Aksum: The Psalter as an evidence
No full textዓለማየሁ ሞገስ የተባሉ ጸሐፊ በ1961 “ሐተታ ዘዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ ኢትዮጵያዊ ፈላስፋ” በሚል ርእስ ለቢኤ ድግሪ ማሟያ የቀረበ ጥናት አሳትመው ነበር። በዓለማዮሁ ሞገስ ስራ መጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብና የዳዊት መዝሙር ጥብቅ ትስስር እንዳላቸው በማያሻማ መንገድ ቢገለጽም ትስስሩ ግን በሚገባ ተዘርዝሮ የተብራራ አይደለም። ስራው ከመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ ኹለቱ ቅጂዎች በአንዱ ብቻ በማትኮር የተጻፈም ነው። ሌላው ደግሞ ስራው የየመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ ጸሐፊ ሳይኾን አይቀርም ተብሎ የሚታማው ጁስቶ ዳ ኡርቢኖ የዳዊት መዝሙር ዕውቀት ፈጽሞ አይዳስስም። ይኽ ጽሑፍ እነዚኽ ክፍተቶች ለመቅረፍ ሰርተዋል። ለዚኽም ጽሑፉ የዳዊት መዝሙር በመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ የተጠቀሰበት መንገድ የኢትዮጵያ ሊቃውንት የዳዊት መዝሙር ንባብ ከሚጠቅሱበት ባህል ጋር ማነጻጸር፣ በመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ የሚገኙ የዳዊት መዝሙር ንባቦች የቀረቡበት ዓውድ የኢትዮጵያ መጻሕፍት ፈለግ ተከትሎ እንደኾነ መፈተሽ፣ በመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ የሚገኙ የዳዊት መዝሙር ንባቦች ምንጮች ሊኾኑ ከሚችሉ የኢትዮጵያ ጸዋትወ ዜማ ወይም ቅኔ መጻሕፍት ማመሰካከር የመሳሳሉ ዓይነተኛ የጥናት ዘዴዎች ተጠቅመዋል። ከተጠቀሱት ዓይነተኛ የጥናት ዘዴዎች ትንተና በመነሣትም ጽሑፉ በመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብና የዳዊት መዝሙር ያለ ትስስር ጥብቅና ጥልቅ እንደኾነ አረጋግጠዋል። ትስስሩም ምዕራፍ በመባል በሚታወቀው የጸዋትወ ዜማ ድርሰት እንደሚመሰረት በዝርዝር ተገልጸዋል። ከጽሑፉ ትንተናዎች ማየት እንደሚቻለው ደግሞ የመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ ጸሐፊ የዳዊት መዝሙር ዕውቀት፣ ፍቅር እና ክብር በጁስቶ ዳ ኡርቢኖ የታወቁ ኹሉም ስራዎች ፈጽመው አይገኙም፤ በሕይወቱ እና የስራ ፍሬዎቹም ጭራሽኑ አይታዩም። እነዚኽ ማስረጃዎች ሲመዘኑ ጁስቶ ዳ ኡርቢኖ የመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ ጸሐፊ አድርጎ መውሰድ ፍጹም አዳጋች ያደርጓል። ይኽ ደግሞ በመጽሐፈ ሐተታ ዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ በበቂ መንገድና በሚገባ አጽንዖት የተገለጸውን የዘርዐ-ያዕቆብ ኢትዮጵያዊነት ያጸናል።
The inquiries of Zara Yaeqob (hereafter referred to as the Hateta) is an autobiographical text copied from parchment and sent to Antoine D'Abbadie of France by an Italian monk named Giusto d’ Urbino, who lived in Ethiopia from 1847 to 1855. However, the original parchment from which the copy was made has yet to be found. Consequently, the authenticity of the Hateta and the true identity of its author have long been subject to debate. Although the Hateta is presented as an autobiography, it is thoroughly interwoven with Psalm verses from the Psalter. Throughout the Hateta, the Psalter is quoted extensively and referenced in depth to the extent that it is sometimes treated as a Psalter itself. This strong link between the Hateta and the Psalter formed the basis of Alemayohu Moges’s pioneering work, Hateta Zara Yaeqob: Ethiopian Philosopher (1968). While Alemoyohu Moges’s work was novel in opening an important new line of inquiry, it lacked rigor in demonstrating the supposed textual link between the Hateta and the Psalter. His analysis also relied solely on manuscript Eth. Abb. 215, and he did not address Giusto d’ Urbino’s potential authorship of the Hateta. This study addressed these gaps by thoroughly exploring the link between the Hateta and the Psalter using both Eth. Abb. 215 and Eth. Abb. 234 manuscripts and examining Giusto d’ Urbino’s knowledge or use of the Psalter in his scholarly contributions. The analysis revealed that most of the Psalm verses appearing in the Hateta are also found in an Ethiopian book called Me’eraf. In contrary, Giusto d’ Urbino’s scholarly output do not indicate a comparable depth of knowledge, respect or love for the Psalter or Psalms as that displayed in the Hateta. In light of these evidence, it is reasonable to conclude that the Hateta is uniquely Ethiopian and that its true author hailed from Axum
Base Isolation for Earthquake Protection of Structures Considering Ethiopian Standard
Full text linkAn increase in construction activities and recent advances in structural engineering necessitated the major revision of the Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS), published in 1995. The updated building code has introduced improved earthquake-resistant design considerations, including provisions for base-isolated (BI) structures. This study investigates the efficacy of the base isolation technique in earthquake protection of buildings considering Ethiopian standard. Moreover, the validity of the specific provisions of the Ethiopian seismic standard, i.e., Ethiopian Standard European Norm, (ES EN 1998-1:2015) on the choice of base isolator properties for analysis and design is investigated. Non-linear dynamic response history analyses of multi-story BI buildings are performed under synthetic earthquakes, matching with the response spectrum of the Ethiopian standard. Furthermore, the vibration response of fixed-base building models is reported for comparison. Four structural response quantities, i.e., the floor acceleration, base shear, inter-story drift, and isolator displacement, are studied. The findings demonstrate that the application of the base isolation technique reduces the dynamic response of multi-story buildings substantially. In addition, it is shown that some of the Ethiopian seismic standard provisions on isolator parameter consideration are not in logical agreement with the earthquake behavior of BI buildings observed in the current study
Mitigating the Bullwhip Effect Through Sustainable Supply Chain Practices: A Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkThe study's primary purpose was to review studies on the bullwhip effect and mitigate its negative impacts through sustainable supply chain practices. To accomplish the study, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted along with the application of screening criteria. Data extraction was carried out using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews by the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the articles. The analysis of 40 publications already published in Google Scholar, Wiley, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Emerald Insight, and Science Direct, yielded useful information. The bullwhip effect threatens hierarchical structural supply networks among the most obvious signs of supply chain inefficiencies. The bullwhip effect is mostly caused by interruptions in the flow of information and resources, lead-time delays, a lack of coordination, and fear of stocking in the face of local risk factors. To address the bullwhip effect, one should adopt a comprehensive strategy that considers all the variables contributing to its occurrence and follows the consequences. To develop appropriate remedies, it is crucial to consider this phenomenon's dynamics, causes, and effects. Most researchers argue that sustainable supply chain practices are useful for dealing with various supply chain management problems. A literature study on reducing the bullwhip effect through sustainable supply chain practices benefits academics, researchers, practitioners, politicians, and business groups by providing comprehensive knowledge and decision-making support
Dynamic Capabilities for Sustainable Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Mediating Role of Innovation Capabilities and Product Quality
Full text linkThe role of internal capabilities in the competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is not well documented in the literature from the perspective of an emerging economy, nor is the role of dynamic and innovation capabilities in their competitiveness conclusive. Therefore, this research examines the impact of dynamic and innovation capabilities, and product quality on SME competitiveness. Data were collected using a survey from 459 SMEs, operating in the manufacturing sector. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the proposed model's research hypotheses and path relationships. The result of the study revealed that a firm’s innovation capabilities, product quality, and competitiveness are significantly and positively affected by its dynamic capabilities. Moreover, the path between dynamic capabilities and competitiveness is partially mediated through innovation capabilities. However, product quality failed to mediate the path between dynamic and innovative capabilities and competitiveness. The research findings provide practical implications for policymakers in designing strategies that focus on internal capability developments. In addition, it draws some managerial attention to investing in internal capability focusing on continuous learning and internal and external resource integration to drive customer satisfaction for the sustainable competitiveness of SME
Political and Economic Exclusion-Induced Conflict and Displacement: Evidences from Metekel Zone, Benishangul Gumuz National Regional State (BGNRS)
Full text linkThis study examined factors that drive exclusion-induced conflict and displacement in the Metekel zone. Data was collected from a sample of 435 respondents, i.e., 359 households’ surveys, 60 focus group discussants, and 16 key informant interviews. Evidence suggested that exclusion has been deep, and the scale of conflict, violence, and displacement was pervasive. Ethnicity was the main factor in excluding households from exercising rights to access resources. Light skin color (“qey” in Amharic) also served as a marker of otherness (non-indigenous). During times of conflict, the so-called qey were indiscriminately attacked. A case in point was what happened to the Shinasha, whose light skin color had a more devastating effect than their ethnicity. Legal frameworks, administrative and executive institutions were fused with ethnicity as facilitators of exclusion and inclusion. BGNRS’s constitution defined some ethnic groups as “indigenous” and the remaining as “others” or “non-indigenous”. During exclusion-induced conflict incidents of 2018 to 2021, households from Amhara, Agew, Oromo, and Shinasha were targeted based on their ethnicity and skin color, resulting in discrimination, restricted access to services and rights of mobility. The study concluded that political exclusion engendered by ethnic federalism has induced conflicts with devastating effects on economic, social, and political dimensions causing large-scale displacements, violent attacks, loss of lives and community divisions. In reconciliation engagements, displaced households were not made part of the peace-making process. The study recommends revisiting controversial articles of BGNRS’s Constitution that define some ethnic groups as indigenous (owner nationalities) giving them exclusive rights over others
Caught Between Lines: The Recognition and Lived Realities of Mixed-Ethnic Heritage Individuals in Ethiopia
Full text linkIn Ethiopian ethnic federalism, people with mixed ethnic identities experience complicated realities influenced by several factors, including laws and social customs. The objective of this research is to examine the legal recognition and self identifications of people with mixed ethnic identities in Ethiopia. It also identifies the perceived benefits and challenges of having such identities. The doctrinal legal research method has been used to examine the legal recognition of such complex identities. The 1995 FDRE Constitution failed to recognize them, which exacerbated social fragmentation and limited access to rights tied to ethnic identity. Additionally, a qualitative research approach with an interpretive phenomenological design was employed, involving ten in-depth interviews with students at the University of Gondar. The findings revealed three ethnic heritage identification strategies used by people with mixed ethnic identities: singular affiliation, blended identity, and categorical rejection. This research contributes to the discourse on identity politics by demonstrating how institutional frameworks intersect with personal narratives in multicultural societies. It advocates reimagining Ethiopia's approach to ethnicity to promote national unity while honouring its rich cultural diversity.
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION IN KOYSHA
No full textTaking Koysha as its subject of study, this article attemptsto investigate the status of basic literacy and skill-training in the region.Degree of participation and attendance, reasons for attending andproblems encountered were examined to assess the status. Concerningskill-tr.atning, types of training given by the CSTCs in the light ofestablished objectives, impact of training offered and attitude of peopletowards such training were assessed A descriptive survey method wasused to collect data. Despite successive attempts made to tackle illiteracyin the past, the results suggest that the impact is still very low. Theanalysis reveals that satisfactory results were not achieved mainly due tothe ad-hoc approach of the programme and lack of commitment of thoseinvolyed To ensure future success, the article proposes. a strategicapproach toward integration of the formal and the non-formal educationalsectors so that literacy programmes and skill-training could have properdirection and appropriate organisation. To effect this, schools shouldserve as mission centres, and traditional institutions and pertinent localgovernment organisations should be actively involved