Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Outlines of Argobba Pedagogical Grammar
Full text linkThe main objective of this study is to sketch out the pedagogical grammar of Argobba language. The intended addresses are the Argobba language learners. Although the Argobba people live in different administrative regions of the country (Amhara, Afar, Oromiya, Harari, etc), the language does not have the same status in places where the Argobba people are found. In Aliyu Amba, Ankober, Gacheni and surrounding villages, for instance, only some elderly semi-speakers use the language. Following recent studies (Getahun, 2009, Wetter, 2010), there is stable bilingualism only in Shonke and Tollaha, where the data for this study is collected from. The language is seriously endangered, and it needs revitalization to fulfill the language needs of the speech community. Language pedagogy is one of the components of language revitalization. None of the grammar studies done so far on the language has treated how grammatical items of the language could be made more learnable and teachable. This study outlines the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the language in pedagogical orientation. It is strongly believed that besides its contribution to producing pedagogically sound learning/teaching materials, the study paves the way for detailed and graded pedagogical grammar work on the language. The contribution of this study is, therefore, two-fold: pedagogical and revitalization
The magnitude of stroke and associated risk factors among young adults at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia
Full text linkBackground: Stroke in young adults is becoming a significant global public healthconcern, with variations observed in different regions. But, there is a lack of reliableepidemiological data on stroke among young adults in Ethiopia. The aim of this study wasto determine the magnitude and risk factors of stroke among adults at a tertiary universityhospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we determined a minimum samplesize of 236 to estimate the frequency of stroke in adults aged 18-49 years among all adultstroke admissions. Demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging data were collected frommedical records using structured data abstraction form. Data were analyzed using theStatistical Package for Social Science V.26.0 software.Results: There were 399 adults with stroke admissions during the study period. Out of the399 adults stroke admissions, 111 (27.8%) were classified as stroke-in-young. Among thestroke-in-young patients, 64.9% (72) were males. The mean (SD) age of the patients was39.0 (±7.9) years, with an age range of 21-49 years. Ischemic stroke accounted for 64.9%(72) of stroke-in-adult cases while intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral venous sinusthrombosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage accounted for 27.0%, 7.2% and 0.9%,respectively. In cases of ischemic stroke, hypertension was prevalent (61.5%), oftenaccompanied by diabetes mellitus (33.3%), alcohol use (15.6%), and cigarette smoking(8.9%). In young adults with intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, and alcohol andrecreational drug abuse occurred in 86.7%, 20.0%, and 13.3% of cases, respectively.Conclusions: In our study, stroke-in-young accounted for 27.8% of adult admissions withstroke. Cardio-metabolic and lifestyle-related risk factors were common among stroke-inyoung.Further research is needed for better understanding of stroke-in-young individuals
Computed Tomography patterns of traumatic spine injury and their association with neurologic deficit at Addis Ababa burn emergency and trauma hospital
Full text linkBackground: The annual incidence of traumatic spine injury (TSI) is 10.5 cases per 100,000persons, primarily caused by road traffic accidents (RTA) and falls. TSI can lead to lifelongparalysis, making early diagnosis with CT scans crucial. This study assesses CT scanpatterns of TSI and their association with neurologic deficits from May 1, 2020, to June 1,2021, at Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma (AaBET) hospital, Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on all identified casesat AaBET hospital. Data were collected by trained general practitioners and senior radiologyresidents and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The Chi-square test was used to determineassociations, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant.Results: Among 167 patients (82.6% male, mean age 31.8 ± 10.4 years), the most commoncauses of TSI were RTA (52.8%) and falls (28.1%). The thoracolumbar spine (T10-L2) wasthe most affected area (35.3%). Most patients (67.1%) had compression (type A) injuries,followed by rotational (type C) injuries (21%) and distraction (type B) injuries (12%).Neurologic deficits were present in 44.9% of patients, with incomplete deficits in 27.5% andcomplete deficits in 17.4%. Type C injuries had the highest likelihood of neurologic deficits(82.86%) compared to type A (28.57%) and type B (70%) injuries, with a statisticallysignificant association (P = 0.001, Chi2 = 38.03).Conclusion: Young men were the most common victims of spine injury, primarily due toRTA. The thoracolumbar spine was the most frequently injured level. Compression (type A)injuries were the most common, and the type of fracture according to AO classificationpredicted the likelihood of neurologic deficits
Effects of Picture-Cued Vocabulary Instruction on Students’ Vocabulary Learning Ability, and Attitude of Grade 5 students at Sadamo Welmera Elementary School
No full textThis study investigated the effects of picture-cued vocabulary instruction (PCVI) on Grade 5 students’ Vocabulary Learning Ability and Attitude at Sadamo Welmera Elementary School, Oromia, Ethiopia. A quasi-experimental research design was employed with 80 students, divided equally into an experimental group and a control group. Picture-cued vocabulary tasks were developed and used as teaching material for the experimental group. Data was collected through tests (pre-and post-tests) and questionnaire, analyzed using an independent t-test, and supplemented with interviews from 10 randomly selected students in the experimental group. The pre-test results revealed no significant difference in vocabulary learning ability between the control and experimental groups prior to the intervention. However, post-test results indicated a significant difference in favor of the experimental group (p = 0.001 < 0.05), demonstrating that PCVI had a strong positive effect on vocabulary learning ability. In addition, student questionnaire and interview findings showed that students in the experimental group developed a positive attitude towards vocabulary learning as a result of the picture-cued instruction. The study concluded that PCVI is an effective instructional strategy that can enhance students’ vocabulary learning ability and foster favorable attitudes toward vocabulary learning in elementary schools. Recommendations for practice were also provided.
 
MONETARY POLICY AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT: AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG APPROACH: EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA
No full textInvestment fueled by the private sector is a catalyst for achieving sustainable economic growth. This study examines the effect of monetary policy on private sector investment in Ethiopia. The time series data collected from National Bank of Ethiopia, Ethiopian Investment Commission and the World Bank covering the period of 1992-2022. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag and Error Correction Model employed for the time series analyses. The results revealed that private investment significantly affected by the monetary policy both in short-run and long-run. In the long-run, lending interest rate and broad money supply negatively and significantly affects the private investment whereas deposit interest rate, domestic credit to private sector, government domestic debt and trade openness positively and significantly influences private investment. In short-run, lending interest rate, broad money supply and trade openness positively and significantly affect private investment in Ethiopia. On the other hand, government domestic debtand inflation negatively and significantly influences private investment in short-run dimension. The results show important policy implications for both regulatory authorities and the government. National Bank of Ethiopia suggested to formulate policy reform that can encourage private sector investment. It is essential for the government to create stable political and economic environment as well as favorable investment climate and hence, the private sector investment will boost and contributes more to supply side and high employment opportunities for this large portion of young generation in the country
Energy, Vulnerability and Human Security in Zambia: A Capability Approach to an Inclusive Energy Transition
No full textOver Zambia is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa facing energy challenges due to climatevulnerability caused by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study uses Amartya Sen andMartha Nussbaum's Capability Approach to analyse the vulnerabilities resulting from Zambia's questfor energy transition. This theoretical framework is critical to understanding the challenges inensuring an inclusive energy transition process in the country. The methodology and data were mainlyfrom secondary sources. The main argument in this article is that although Zambia has embarked onan energy transition, it is important to consider key human security vulnerabilities in this process.The article shows that Zambia's electricity generation capacity has continued to dwindle primarilydue to a decrease in hydro generation, which is highly dependent on rainfall. The study also showsthat the Zambian government has devised several strategies and policies aimed at energy transitioningto alleviate the problem. These strategies and policies include promoting non-renewable energysources like coal, oil, and natural gas to renewable and sustainable energy sources like solar.However, the study shows that while Zambia's energy transition offers long-term benefits, it posesimmediate and significant security challenges for the country. These include economic disruptions,infrastructure vulnerabilities, environmental conflicts and policy and regulatory challenges. Thisarticle contributes to the ongoing discourse regarding the human security challenges and opportunitiesfor energy transition in Global South countries
Defining rim within the 18th century Ethiopian System of Land Ownership, Administration and Taxation
No full textThe commonest object of land transaction in records of the 18th century was called rim. True to the etymology of its denomination, this type of land was carved from a larger estate (gwəlt) granted to a church, and then distributed to clerics. By carefully examining hundreds of historical records of the period, rim will be redefined within the normative system in which it occurred. The reading of contractual writings against the law, its commentaries, regulations and historical narratives show that rim derived its regime from the provisions prescribed for the estate from which it was apportioned. The lot that each cleric received was composed with parcels of equal quality and was established as a living, a compensation for services or tributes owed to the church. The double requirement that gwəlt holders should be masters of their domains and be given profitable land allowed rim owners certain liberties. They had dominion over the initial inhabitants of the land whose diverse status was revised. They became judges and administrators of a land on which exactions for the church overlapped with their claims; the taxation rules borrowed from the general fiscal tradition that prevailed in lay domains. They could also liquidate their asset by pledging it for a loan, selling only to redeem it later by exercising the faculty of recovery conferred by legal acts or custom. Several flexible doctrinal interpretations of inalienability supported the established practice of rim exchange
Struggle for Survival: St. Mikaʼél Church and the Orthodox Laity of Jijiga in the Course of the Ethio-Somalia Wars in the 1960s and 1970s
No full textThis article examines the history of St. Mikaʼél Church and the Orthodox Laity of Jijiga in the course of the Ethio-Somalia Wars in the 1960s and 1970s. It establishes that Christianity first began to spread in Jijiga and the surrounding area, which is predominantly inhabited by followers of the Islamic faith, following the expansionist campaigns of Nigus Menelik II since the late 19th century. Christian dignitaries provided significant support, which helped it expand and solidify its position. The faith has been tested in many ways since its inception, but during the invasion of Somalia in the 1960s and 1970s, Jijiga Christians and the church fell into great trouble. The invaders considered the EOC as a powerful bulwark of the state and worked hard to destroy the institution and harass its followers. This article emphasizes the internal political situations and external factors that played a role in the alternation of growth and debacle of Christianity in Jijiga. It argues that at the end of the 19th century, the expansion of the highland Christian kingdom to the east made a positive contribution to the creation of new Christian settlements, the introduction of Orthodox Christianity, and the expansion of churches in Jijiga and its neighboring regions. However, the presence of strong followers of Islam and repeated attacks by internal and external armed forces on the Christians made Orthodox Christianity the religion of the minority, and Christians were also forced to live under high security threats
