Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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The Mediating Role of Perceived HRM Practices in the Relationship Between Managerial-Rated HRM Practices and Employee Engagement in Ethiopian Higher Education
No full textStrategic Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMP) researchers stressed the perception of High-Performance Work System (HPWS) in addition to organizational HPWS to impact engagement. However, few studies are carried using such variable. Hence, HRM system strength and signal theory, using the probability multi-stage sample survey of 102 departments and 360 academic staffs of Ethiopian Public Higher Education Institutions, the researchers examined that positive and full meditational effect of perceived HPWS between managerial-rated HPWS and engagement. Furthermore, the researchers tested direct effect of managerial-rated HPWS on the perceived HPWS positively. The results of Multilevel Structural Equation Model analysis using R software revealed that the effect of perceived HPWS on the engagement is significant within department level as well as between department level. Hence, the researchers concluded that employees oriented SHRMP has fully mediated department level SHRMP and engagement when both rated and perceived HPWS are considered from two dimensions. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of these findings are discussed as well
Cryopreservation and artificial insemination in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822): A review
Get PDFDespite the high potential for the production of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and its market demand there exists a serious lack of fish fingerlings to supply for producers and (re)stock water bodies. Unlike other species, the traditional method of obtaining C. gariepinus milt is sacrificing the male, removing its testes and macerating over the stripped and collected eggs. This is a loss for a farm as male broodstock is going to be killed every time. The C. gariepinus fish shows seasonal gonadal maturation that is usually associated with the rainy season as the hormonal level increases during this season. Recent efforts are becoming successful in multiplying C. gariepinus artificially by fertilizing the striped eggs with preserved sperm. The preservation of sperm is a means to ensure year-round availability and supply of fingerlings and overcomes the scarcity of seed. Fish sperm can be preserved in dry ice, freezing the semen and storing the frozen semen in liquid nitrogen (cryopreservation). The preservation period of fish male gamete is usually short, compared to mammals due to its biochemical structure and temperature exposure effects on the sperm cells. Hence, the paper focuses on reviewing the efforts so far made on the preservation of male C. gariepinus and the use of the preserved semen for insemination. It also addresses the methods to evaluate the quality of sperm, milt collection and preparation as well as the amount of sperm used to fertilize an egg. The aim of this review is to gather the efforts made so far on the amount of sperm required and parameters considered while evaluating the sperm, cryopreservation and artificial insemination in C. gariepinus and provide the available information for the hatcheries to have an alternative means of getting milt without sacrificing broods in the hatchery. Milt can be collected easily by dissecting the selected and matured testes with scissors, removing the two testes, cutting each testis into smaller pieces and squeezing it in a loosely woven cloth. This milt can, then, be placed in a freezer and the frozen semen can be preserved in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196 0C. The ratio of semen to egg in C. gariepinus fish is recommended at 6 to 24x103 semen to an egg. Cryopreservation of C. gariepinus semen in liquid nitrogen invariably helps to conserve the genetic resources of desirable male fish for future use any time when the females are ready
Analysis of Morphological Shifts of Gender and Number in Arabic – Amharic Translation of the Holy Qur’an
No full textAbstract
The main objective of this study is to analyze morphological shifts of gender and number in Arabic–Amharic translation of the Holy Qur’an. The study is a qualitative study with descriptive and content analysis design. It relies on primary linguistic data. The data are obtained from the Holy Qur’an and its Amharic version translated by co-translators MuhammadThani and Sayyid (1969). The data are extracted using purposive sampling technique. The findings of the study reveal that agreement in number and gender is sensitive to word order in Arabic. For example, when the subject follows the verb the suffixes that show agreement are absent, but they are obligatorily present if the subject precedes the verb. Therefore, sometimes agreement in number and gender may not be strict in Arabic. However, in Amharic there should always be strict agreement in gender and number. Therefore, shifts in number and gender have been obligatorily made by the translators of the Holy Qur’an from Arabic into Amharic to produce grammatical sentences in the target language structure. However, in some instances, as discussed in the article, the translators closely adhered to the source language structure which produced ungrammatical or unknown structures in the target language structure. This may make some structures in the target text incomprehensible. This study suggests that other morphological shifts such as person, tense, and voice shifts have to be studied to have general picture of morphological shifts in Arabic-Amharic translation of the Holy Qur’an.
 
ጥቂት የአማርኛ የንግግር ቅንጣቶች (Utterance Particles) ገለጻና ትንተና
No full textይህ የጥናት ወረቀት በአማርኛ ውስጥ ካሉት የንግግር ቅንጣቶች ውስጥ ጥቂቶቹ ላይ ማለትም ለካ፣እንዴ፣ እኮ እና ኧረ ላይ ትኩረት ያደረገ ሲሆን ዓላማውም ዘወትሯዊ (አውዳዊ) አጠቃቀማቸውንመግለጽና መተንተን ይሆናል2። ቀደም ብለው የተጠኑ ጥናቶችን ትኵረት ስንመለከት በቋንቋ መዋቅሮችናልዩ ልዩ ክፍሎች ላይ ያተኮረ በመሆኑና በንግግር ቅንጣች ዙሪያ ያሉ ሥራዎች በጣም ውስን በመሆናቸውበዚህ ጥናት የተወሰኑ የአማርኛ የንግግር ቅንጣቶችን ፕራግማቲካዊ ተግባራት ትንታኔ ለማየትናለመተንተን ተሞክሯል። ምክንያቱም የንግግር ቅንጣቶች በንግግር ውስጥ ያላቸው ጠቀሜታ ከፍተኛሲሆን ካላቸው ቦታ መውጣታቸው ተናጋሪው በንግግሩ ሊያስተላልፍ ያሰበውን ቁልፍ ሃሳብ ለአድማጩበተገቢው የመተላለፉን ተግባር ያስተጓጉላል። እነዚህን የንግግር ቅንጣቶች የምንተነትነው “የሪለቫንስ”ንድፈ ሐሳብን በመውሰድ ነው (ሰረበር እና ዊልሰን 1995)። በዚህ ንድፈ ሓሳብ መሠረት በንግግር ውስጥትክክለኛው የሃሳብ ልውውጥና ተግባቦት ተከናወነ የምንለው አድማጩ የተናጋሪውን ሥነ-ልሳናዊ ትርጉምመረዳቱን ብቻ ሳይሆን ከተናጋሪው የንግግር ሁኔታ በመነሳት ሃሳቡንና ሊያስተላልፍ የፈለገውን መልዕክትበትክክል ሲረዳው ነው። ጥናቱ የዲስኩር ትንተና ዘዴን የተከተለ ነው። መረጃዎች በቀጥታከተመራማሪው የእለት ተእለት ምልከታዎችና ከሁለተኛ ምንጮች ደግሞ ከመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ፣ ከተለያዩመጽሐፎችና የጽሑፍ መረጃዎች፣ ከማኅበራዊ ሚዲያዎች፣ የመረጃ መረብ ወዘተ ለማሰባሰብ ተሞክሯል።እንደ ዶብሰን (1974) ሃሳብ የንግግር ቅንጣቶችን የዚህ የቃላት ክፍል ናቸው ለማለት ባይቻልምበተገኙበት የንግግር ሃሳብ አንፃር የሚያስተላልፉት ተግባዊ አጠቃቀም አላቸው። ለምሳሌ እንዴ በንግግርውስጥ ሲገኝ አድናቆትን፣ ቅሬታን፣ ጥያቄን፣ ማረጋገጥን፣ ማስጠንቀቅን ለመግለጽ ይጠቅማል። በሌላበኩል እኮ የሚለው ንዑስ ቃል ደግሞ በንግግር ውስጥ በመጠቀም የሃሳብን ማረጋገጫና ወይም ማፍረሻ፣አጽንዖት ወይም ትኩረት መስጫ፣ ለማድነቅ ወይም ለማጣጣያ፣ ስውር መልዕክት ለማስተላለፊያናአጠይቆያዊ ሃሳብ ለማንፀባረቅ ይጠቅማል። ለካና ኧረ ደግሞ በአብዛኛው ንግግርን በአጽንዖት ለመግለጽይጠቅማሉ። በአጠቃላይ እነዚህ የንግግር ቅንጣቶች በአማርኛ ንግግር ውስጥ በተናጠል ወይም በቅንጅትበመጠቀም የተናጋሪውን የተለያዩ ስሜቶችን ፍላጎቶችን ለመግለጽ ይጠቅማሉ።ቁልፍ ቃላት [የንግግር ቅንጣቶች፣ እኮ ፣ እንዴ፣ ለካ፣ ኧረ
Different Marking, Same System: Similarities in the Copular Constructions of Oromo, Geez and Amharic
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In Oromo, copular constructions appear only as a juxtaposition of the subject and the predicate, or they show up with -ɗa (in predicative and equative clauses) and –ti (in possessive and locative clauses). The presence/absence of –ɗa and –ti depends on the length of final vowel of the predicate: they appear when final vowel is long, and disappear when the predicate ends in short vowels/consonants. In Geez, pronouns and prepositional copulas are used. The distribution of the pronoun and prepositional copulas is similar to that of Oromo in that the former are used in predicative/equative clauses while the latter in locative/possessive clauses. The use of the copulas in Geez is also optional like in Oromo. In Amharic, similarly, the copulas näw and allä are used in predicational/equative and locative/possessive clauses. However, in Amharic, the copular elements are not optional. Rather, there is nominative vs. accusative case alternation in the predicate/identity clauses. In this paper, I argue that the optional use of copular elements in Oromo and Geez as well as the case alternation in Amharic are exhibitions of a similar system: distinguishing between more permanent and less permanent/temporary predications, which could be a retained property from their Afroasiatic origin. This has wider implication that case alternation and variation in copular elements could be various strategies employed by languages for same purpose. Yet more extensive research on languages from different families is required.
Key words: [copula, predicate, stage level and individual level predicates]
 
The Administration of Ethiopian Däbr Estates in the 17th and 18th Centuries
No full textRoyal land endowment to individuals and institutions is an old phenomenon in Ethiopia. The economic viability and profitability of large estates required that their administration be regulated. The Fətḥa Nägäśt (the Kings’ law) affirms guiding principles for donators; it was incumbent to founders of estates to define management rules without infringing on the religious power. The present article examines hundreds of seventeenth and eighteenth century legal acts (foundation documents, sales, and land transactions) collected from churches in the regions of Goğğam and Gondär. The documents reveal the emergence of an administrative structure, whereby kings prescribed regulations for the material administration of estates borrowing the style and assignment of function from court and monastic customs. They proceeded in abidance by a seventeenth century royal decree that reaffirmed the delimitation of power between state and church. The present article discusses the organisation of officers who supervised incomes and kept landholding deeds in church domains. Some administrators were assigned to control revenues and run the treasury while others ensured the registration of charters, the transfer of deeds, and eventually judgment of conflicts
Contributions of Private Security Companies to Security Oversight at Local and National Levels: the Case of Bole Sub-city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
No full textPrivate security companies play vital role in local and national security, especially by enhancing public safety and improve security in communities. The objective of the study was to assess the contributions of private security companies to security oversight at the local and national levels: the case of Bole Sub-city. To address the objectives of the study, exploratory research design was used. The study is qualitative by research design and participants of the study were selected using purposive sampling technique. Both primary and secondary methods were used in the data collection. The researcher used participants from private security companies, Addis Ababa Peace and Security Office and Police Officials. The data collected from participants through interview and document review were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that the contributions of private security companies have been so enormous which among others include support law enforcement, reporting on incidents and calls, and enhance public safety by creating conducive environment. Indeed, these were achieved all through commendably guided coordination between police and private security companies on the area of crime prevention, training, sharing criminal pertinent data with the police. However, findings of the study also unveil that the cooperation were challenged by lack of continuous information sharing, lack of standardized training, lack of clear rule and regulations, lack of insurance and social benefits for guards which are identified as major problem. The study recommends that enhancing security oversight effectiveness by establishing rules, enhancing training, developing trust, and sharing information, improving payment systems and updating social benefits for private security personnel
Exploring Social Impacts of Crime on Victims: The Case of Addis Ketema Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textThis study aimed to explore the social impacts of crime on victims in Addis Ketema. It employed a cross-sectional research design and a qualitative research approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that among the victims in Addis Ketema sub-city in Addis Ababa, crime hinders social cohesiveness and relationships, particularly among victims, their family members, friends, and acquaintances. The impact of crime extends to every aspect of the victims' lives, causing misery until they recover. Furthermore, crime adversely affects the victims' ability to perform day-to-day activities, engage in social interactions, and maintain relationships. The study also highlighted that criminal target victim by studying their behaviors and vulnerabilities, with factors such as lifestyle, accessibility, social ecology, and carelessness increasing victims' exposure to crime. Victims often bear the burden of caring for their families and relatives, which maybe the very reason that exposed them to crime incidents. As a result of victimization, trust in the police institution, police officers, and surrounding neighborhoods/communities is diminished. Therefore, it is recommended that the police commission establish a victim treatment and handling system
Tax Audit Effectiveness and Tax Compliance in Ethiopia: The Case of Ministry of Revenues
No full textThe objective of the study is to analyze the determinants of tax audit effectiveness and tax compliance in Ethiopia. Quantitative research approach with explanatory research design was used in this study. Consequently, quantitative data were collected. The sample size used in this study was 550 tax auditors, and 1,067 taxpayers. Convenience sampling technique was used to access the right subjects to for the study. In this study, Partial Least Square Structural Equational Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used for data analysis. The study result has indicated that institutional related factors, tax auditor related factors, and taxpayers’ related factors have a direct effect on tax audit effectiveness. Additionally, institutional related factors, taxpayers’ related factors, and tax audit effectiveness have a direct effect on tax compliance. Furthermore, institutional related factors, taxpayers’ related factors, and tax auditor related factors also have an indirect effect on tax compliance in Ministry of Revenues, Ethiopia. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policymakers and Ministry of Revenues need to strengthen institutional frameworks and taxpayers’ knowledge, improve the training and resources available to tax auditors to enhance tax audit effectiveness as well as tax compliance. That is to say, targeted taxpayer education and engagement initiatives could foster greater tax compliance. Hence, integrating these strategies can reinforce the link between effective tax audits and taxpayer compliance, ensuring a more robust tax administration system
Effect Of Monetary Policy on Financial Performance: Dynamic Panel Model Approach: Evidence from Ethiopian Banking Industry
No full textThis study examines the effect of monetary policy on the financial performance of Ethiopian banking industry. The monetary policy instruments were collected from National Bank of Ethiopia and the World Bank. Audited financial statements from seventeen commercial banks also used in the analysis. The study covered the period of 2011-2022 by using two dependentvariables of return on asset and return on equity as proxy for the financial performance of the banking industry. Two steps system generalized method of moments (SGMM) applied for the empirical analyses. The findings from the regression estimation revealed that return on asset of commercial banks positively and significantly affected by the lagged value of return on asset, deposit interest rate and capital adequacy ratio but negatively and significantly affected by reserve requirement. On other hand, return on equity positively and significantly influenced by the lagged value of return on equity and deposit interest rate. But broad money supply, treasury bill and capital adequacy ratio negatively and significantly affect the return on equity of commercial banks. The results show important policy implications for both commercial banks and regulatory authorities in general. It is advisable for commercial banks to highly work on increasing their deposit collection and improve more on their capital adequacy ratio to make the banking industry strong and competitive business. It is essential for the regulatory authority to strictly follow up for ensuring the broad money supplied to the economy is at optimum level and stable reserve requirement.