Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
Not a member yet
4332 research outputs found
Sort by
Predictors of migration decision in recent population mobility from Ankasha District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Get PDFMigration has a global impact, affecting individuals, communities, and countries. Research indicates that rural migration can enhance household livelihoods by increasing remittances and alleviating land pressure in origin areas. This study aimed to identify key factors influencing migration decisions. The study examined 740 households, randomly selected from six Kebeles in Ethiopia's Ankasha district. Both migrant-sending and non-sending households were included. Binary logistic regression analysis determined the primary predictors of migration decisions. Results showed that migration decisions were predominantly collective household choices rather than individual ones. Households with heads aged 40-49 and 30-39 were respectively 75% and 55% more likely to migrate. Female-headed households had a lower likelihood of sending migrants compared to those with male heads. Larger households were more inclined to migrate than medium and small-sized households. Furthermore, medium and high-wealth-class households were less likely to send migrants than those in the lower-wealth class. In conclusion, household composition, structure, household head's age, and economic deprivation significantly influenced migration decisions in the study area. The findings underscore the importance of further comprehensive research that considers individual and societal factors to better comprehend the complexities of migration decision-making in both origin and destination contexts
Rethinking the Role of the Hatata of Zera Yaecob and the Hatata of Welda Heywat in Ethiopian Philosophy: A Critique of the Cartesian, Indigenous and Modernising Conceptions
Get PDFThe attempt to situate the Hatata as a foundation of Ethiopian philosophy is part and parcel of a politicised debate that is more informed by nationalism and decolonial efforts rather than a quest to find the existence of a philosophical form of criticism in the Ethiopian soil. A critical examination of the different attempts that were made so far to position the treatises as a foundation of Ethiopian philosophy shows that there are three interrelated schools that see the Hatata of Zera Yaecob and the Hatata of Welda Heywat as the cornerstone of Ethiopian philosophy. These schools are represented by those who see the texts as hosting a Cartesian form of subjectivity, the ones who situate the texts as a foundation of an indigenous Ethiopian philosophy, and others who see the authors of the texts as laying the foundations for an Ethiopian modernization. Through a critical engagement with these three defences of the treatises, the paper argues that such three articulations of the texts failed to properly examine the colonial world of knowledge production and religious reformation that animated the texts in the first place. With such recognition, a new foundation of Ethiopian philosophy that is founded on the nation’s complex historical and cultural heritage needs to be pursued
AMHARIC SPEECH RECOGNITION USING JOINT TRANSFORMER AND CONNECTIONIST TEMPORAL CLASSIFICATION WITH CHARACTER-BASED AND SUBWORD-BASED ACOUSTIC AND LANGUAGE MODELS
Get PDFSequence-to-sequence attention-based models have gained considerable attention in recent times for automatic speech recognition. The transformer architecture has been extensively employed for a variety of sequence-to-sequence transformation problems, including machine translation and automatic speech recognition. This architecture avoids sequential computation that is used in recurrent neural networks and leads to improved iteration rate during the training phase. Connectionist temporal classification, on the other hand, is widely employed to accelerate the convergence of the sequence-to-sequence model by explicitly learning a better alignment between the input speech feature and output label sequences. Amharic language, a Semitic language spoken by 57.5 million people in Ethiopia, is a morphologically rich language that poses a challenge for continuous speech recognition as a root word can be conjugated and inflected into thousands of words to reflect subject, object, tense and quantity. In this research, the connectionist temporal classification is integrated with the transformer for continuous Amharic speech recognition. A speech recognition system is also investigated by utilizing character- based and sub word-based models. The results show that a best character error rate of 8.04 % for the character-based model with character level language model and a best word error rate of 22.31 % for the sub word-based model with sub word-level language model
A Discourse Stylistic Analysis of Daba Wayessa’s Short Story ‘Dungoo’ Halkan Sanaa
Get PDFThis study explored discourse stylistics used in Afan Oromo short story ‘Dungoo’ Halkan Sanaa. The role of creative work is important for the overall life of a people. So, Oromo short stories are being written and used by the people. But criticism of short stories has been limited and the emphasis on the part of writers and researchers on criticizing short stories using discourse stylistics is insufficient. This study was conducted to contribute to fill the gap in the analysis of short stories written in Afan Oromo. It is qualitative research and analytical in its approach. The data used for the research is taken from the short story ‘Dungoo’ Halkan Sanaa. Textual analysis has been employed for collecting and examining data from the selected text. The analysis revealed that the author’s repetition of words for cohesion has created parallel ideas with the negative-positive restatement. It also strengthened the bonds between the textual ideas. Besides, the sociolinguistic code shows that the cultural attitude of the society is constructed and maintained by the female character by demonstrating the socio-cultural context of the society in actions and words. The writer also used maxims in the characters’ utterances with the cooperative principle of speech that flouts the quality, relation, manner and quantity maxims. 
Nigerian State Response to Climate-Related Violence
No full textIn Nigeria and most parts of Africa, there is a correlation between climate change and conflict. The Lake Chad Basin and the Sahel region are clear examples. However, despite the potency of climate change as a trigger for violence being universally understood, the exact pathway or channel through which climate change results in conflict, violence, forced migration, displacement, competition for scarce resources and other related issues is not fully understood or clearly articulated in the existing policy framework in Nigeria. Although the Nigerian state has adopted measures such as the 2021 Climate Change Act, the National Climate Change Policy and the Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement, there needs to be more clarity between the legal and institutional frameworks and the actual implementation of climate actions. There is a lack of coordination, monitoring and evaluation systems, inadequate funding, data availability, policy coherence and stakeholders engagement in addressing climate-induced conflicts and violence. As a result, this paper discusses how to effectively operationalise and monitor the Nigerian state's response to climate change and how related climate-induced conflicts can be enshrined in the policy responses and climate actions to ensure that it is inclusive, participatory, and human-rights-based. Nigeria's climate responses and policies are indicative of a positive advancement in the right direction. However, there is a need for more effective implementation, better coordination, and incorporation of climate-related security risk assessment into their climate policy
Social Deictics in the Arsi-Bale Dialect of Oromo
Get PDF
The main objective of this study is to investigate and describe the forms and functions of social deictics in Arsi-Bale dialect of Oromo[3] which is spoken in the southeastern part of Ethiopia. Social deictics are the means to encode verbal pointing in a speech event taking into account the relationship or social status between a speaker, an addressee, and a non-participant. The study is a qualitative one for which data were collected through note-taking of free language use, elicitation and introspection. The findings show that social deictics in the dialect are encoded lexically and grammatically. While relational kinship terms (e.g., ʔabba: ‘father/dad’), expressions signalling social status (e.g. ʃeːka ‘sheikh’) and personal names are used for lexical encoding, plural personal pronouns and the corresponding agreement marking on predicate verbs are used for grammatical encoding. Among some speakers of the dialect, reference to certain phenomena which are considered sacred (water, fire, grass, etc.) is encoded with the third person plural agreement marking of the predicate verb.
[Keywords: absolute, honorific, kinship term, relational, social deictic]
 
Clausal Complementation in Dizin
No full text
This paper examines clausal complementation in Dizin, one of the least studied languages in the Southwest part of Ethiopia. The study focuses on the Maji dialect. It describes clausal complements and their functions in light of Noonan (2007) and others’ cross-linguistic observation. The study follows a qualitative research approach based on basic linguistic theory, which advocates the description of a language on its own properties. The data were collected using elicitation from key consultants and from natural texts like fables in Maji district. The findings show that Dizin has finite, infinitive and nominalized complement clauses. The study also shows that the position of these complement clauses is fixed, that is, clausal complements occur left-adjacent to the matrix predicate. The study further shows that finite complement clause and nominalized complement clauses occur in object and subject slots, while infinitive complement clause appears only in object slot. Moreover, it is found that Dizin is right-headed language in the typology of clausal complementation.
Keywords [Clause, predicate, complementation, slot]
 
በአዲሱ የግእዝ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስና በአባ ገሪማ ወንጌል (I) መካከል የተስተዋለ የቋንቋ አጠቃቀም ንጽጽራዊ ጥናት
No full textአኅጽሮተ ጽሑፍ
ይህ ጥናት በአባ ገሪማ ወንጌል (I) እና በአዲሱ የግእዝ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ መካከል የተደረገ ንጽጽራዊ ጥናት ነው። ዋና ዓለማዉም በኹለቱ መካከል ያለዉን ልዩነትና በአሁኑ ሰዓት የተረሱ የሰዋስው አጠቃቀም፣ የፊደላት ቅርፅ፣ የፊደልና የስም አጠራር ለውጥ፣ የአሉታ፣ የቅጽል እና የአገባብ አጠቃቀም፣ እንዲሁም የአንዳንድ ቃላትን የአጻጻፍ ለውጥ በንጽጽር ለማጥናት እና ልዩነቱን አጉልቶ ለማሳየት ነው። ይህንንም ጥናት ለማጥናት በዋናነት የተመረጠዉ የጥናት ዘዴ ዓይነታዊ የጥናት ዘዴ ሲኾን መረጃዉም የተሰበሰበዉ በሰነድ ፍተሻ ነው። የአባ ገሪማ ወንጌል ገጾቹ የተገነጣጠሉ እንደ መኾናቸው መጠን ሙሉ የኾኑ ገጾች በዓላማ ተኮር ተመርጠዋል። መረጃዉ የተተነተነዉም ንጽጽራዊ በኾነ መልኩ ገላጭ የትንተና ዘዴን በመጠቀም ነው። በዚህም ጥናት የአባ ገሪማ ወንጌል (1) እና በ2014 የታተመው አዲሱ የግእዝ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ከተነጻጸሩ በኋላ የሰዋስው አጠቃቀም፣ የፊደላት ቅርፅ፣ የድምፅና የስም ለውጥ፣ የአሉታ፣ የቅጽል እና የአገባብ አጠቃቀም፣ እንዲሁም የአንዳንድ ቃላት የአጻጻፍ ለውጥ በሰፊዉ ተገኝቷል። ይህንም በሁለቱ መካከል ያለዉን ልዩነት አዲስ ግኝት ነው ብሎ መውሰድ ይቻላል። ምክንያቱም በዚህ ዘመን ያሉ የግእዝ ምሁራን በአባ ገሪማ (1) የተጠቀሱትን እንደማይጠቀሙባቸው በጥናቱ ተረጋግጧል። በዚህ አጋጣሚ በግእዝ ላይ ጥናትና ምርምር የሚያደርጉ ምሁራን ገሪማ (I)፣ ገሪማ (II) እና ገሪማ (III) ላይ ጥልቅ ጥናት ቢያካኺዱ ሌሎች መሰል ልዩነቶች ሊገኙ የሚችሉ መኾናቸዉን መጠቆም እወዳለሁ።
 
Examining Teachers’ Practice of Phonological Awareness (PA) in Early Grades: A Qualitative Study of Koorete Language Classes, Southern Ethiopia
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the practice of Koorete languageteachers in teaching phonological awareness in the early grades of Ethiopianpublic primary schools. The study was conducted at selected primary schoolsin the Koore zone in the southern region of Ethiopia. For this purpose, aqualitative research design inspired by case studies was used. An attempt wasmade to answer basic research questions: a) To what extent do primary schoolteachers practice the key components of phonological awareness in theteaching of Koorete language? b) To what extent do primary school teachersplan or prepare to teach the components of phonological awareness? Datawere collected from four Koorete language teachers from four purposivelyselected primary schools through classroom observation and semi-structuredinterviews supported by video and audio recordings. The collected data werecarefully transcribed, translated, coded, and then analyzed using a thematicapproach. It has been noted that early-grade Koorete language teachers do notintegrate and practice the key components of phonological awareness in theirdaily lessons. The teachers also have a knowledge gap in teaching the keycomponents of phonological awareness, as revealed from classroomobservation. Furthermore, there was an apparent lack of explicit andsystematic lesson planning for teaching phonological awareness in the earlygrades. Therefore, it is recommended that teacher training programs include amajor component in which language teachers are properly trained on how toteach phonological awareness in a systematic way. Besides, explicit in-servicetraining needs to be given to Koorete language teachers on new ways andapproaches of teaching reading in the early grades