Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN ETIflOPIA: A MISSING PIECE IN THE DEVELOPMENT PUZZLE
No full textToday educatiol/(/I disparity between the sexes isone of the critical Issues in the development of educationin the Third World Countries. This hortarticle surveys the status of women's education inEthiopia prior to 1974. Attempt is made to showthat in traditional Ethiopia women had heen excludedfrom getting church and koranic education.and al 'o 'illce the introduction of modern educationinto the country. at the turn of the century, theirparticipation rate at the various levels of the educationalsystem has been very minima/. Furthermore,the study tries to highlight that the participation ofwomen in education is a criticalfactor in the developmentequatio
GRATIFICATION PATTERNS AMONG PEASANTS AND WORKERS IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
No full textThe nature and distribution ofgratification patterns (GP) and severalre lated variab Les were studied inCentral Ethiopia. It was hypothesizedthat white-co l lar workers, blue-co l larworkers, more educated persons, olderpersons, and women would prefer delayedgratification more than peasants andblue-collar workers, peasants, Lesseducated persons, younger persons, andmen, respectively . Also, positive relationshipswere predicted betweenGP, individual modernity (OM) , andfuture time orientation (PTO)
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF PLANT BASED GUMS ON RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE DOUGH AND ITS BREAD QUALITY
Get PDFBread made from maize is considered as gluten free and thus recommended for people living with celiac disease. However, bread made from maize has inferior quality when compared to bread made from wheat. The aim of this investigation was to explore how plant-based gums affect the rheological attributes of dough made from maize flour and the resulting bread quality. Various types of plant gums were use data ratio of 3% to the flour weight basis. Control samples were prepared using maize and wheat flours. To provide a basis for comparison, dough and bread samples made from wheat flour were also used. The study examined the farinographic, pasting,gaseous release and dough development characteristics. Proximate composition, loaf specific volumes, texture character, and sensory qualities of bread were also examined. The inclusion of gums in maize flour reduced the dough's water absorption capacity (WAC) and degree of softening(DS). Treatment with gums also had a considerable impact on most of the pasting profile. Furthermore, treatment with gums improved bread loaf weight and specific volumes. The firmness of the maize bread was higher than the maize bread prepared from the dough samples treated with gums
Governance and Upgrading Practices in Cloth Production Value Chain : The Case of Micro and Small Enterprises in Addis Abeba
Get PDFThe study examines the gevernance pattern and opgrading practices of value chain of cloth production focussing on micro and small cloth producing enterprises in Addi Abeba The study is based on sample of 222 respondents drawo from various actors of the value chain in the city the value chain in found out to be greatly fragmented in terms of linkages between actorsMicro and small scale enterprise value chain structure and governance upgrading linkage
Yield Effects of Plot-Level Korra Tef (Eragrostis tef) Seed Rate in Central Ethiopia: Application of the Dose-Response Model
Get PDFEthiopia's government and development practitioners have encouraged the utilization of improved tef (Eragrostis tef) varieties to increase crop production. However, apart from introducing improved tef varieties, more needs to be known about the plot-level yield effects of adopting these varieties. Based on this, the current study sought to investigate the yield effects of plot-level tef seed rate in Central Ethiopia, focusing on the Korra tef variety. Two Hundred Twenty One (221) Korra tef producers were selected using multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Survey data were gathered from these respondents using a questionnaire, and interview guides were used to gather qualitative data from the key informants. The yield outcomes of seed rate users categorized as users below, within, and above the recommendations were examined using one-way ANOVA. The F-test results indicated disparities in yield across the three types of seed rate users. The impacts of seed rate on yield were examined using the Dose-Response Model, which was applied to five seeding rates (12, 14, 16, 18, and 20kgha-1). According to a Dose-Response analysis, the highest average tef yield was attributed to a seed rate of 20 kgha-1, slightly higher than recommended. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the utilization of the recommended Korra seed rate and increased crop productivity among growers. It is evident that encouraging farmers to solely use improved seed varieties is insufficient. Rather, the focus should be on promoting the utilization of the recommended seed rates. Furthermore, a reassessment of the ideal Korra tef seed rate for the study area is warranted, considering the observed benefits in productivity as farmers approached the utilization of the recommended rate
The Effect of Perceived Climate Variability on Food Security and Coping Mechanisms Among Pastoralist Household in the Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThis paper aimed to assess the effect of climate variability on household food security status and coping mechanisms used by respondents in the selected districts of Borana. Mixed explanatory research design was applied to examine the effect of climate variability and extreme events on household food security. Data were collected from 417 sample pastoral and agropastoral households, key informants, and focus group discussion participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (e.g. mean, percentage) and econometric models (multivariate probit and multiple linear regression models to evaluate the effect of climate variability on household food security status). The results revealed that 77% of the households perceived an increase in temperature and 89% perceived a decrease in rainfall in recent years. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) result showed that about 95% of respondents experienced food insecurity. The most common coping mechanisms employed by respondents include selling charcoal and fuel wood, borrowing money from friends or family, migration, humanitarian relief, and daily labor. It appears that climate-induced food insecurity is a pervasive and serious problem in the study area over the last 20 years. Perception of the effect of temperature increase on crops and livestock has significantly increased the adoption of land contracting /leasing, adoption of selling fuel wood, and daily labor increased as a coping response to climate variability among pastoralists and agropastoralist. The perception of the impact of the decrease in annual rainfall on crops and livestock has significantly increased the adoption of borrowing from friends or families and free support of resources among pastoralists and agropastoralist. Business-as-usual perception increases the adoption of borrowing from credit unions, free support of resources, and migration. Regarding the perceived effect of food insecurity, borrowing from credit unions, borrowing from friends or families, and reduction of expenses have reduced food insecurity among pastoralists and agropastoral households. Borrowing from credit unions provides them with access to financial resources during times of need. These loans can be used to purchase food, livestock, or other essential supplies, helping families bridge the gap during periods of food scarcity. Hence, it is highly recommended to implement integrated interventions that address both household food insecurity and viable adaptation responses. These interventions should aim to mitigate the need for coping strategies and prevent maladaptation measures that lead to the depletion of assets
The The Economic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Market Vendors in Kampala City in Uganda
No full textEver since the COVID-19 pandemic struck Uganda, much emphasis by the policy makers and researchers were on the health effects of the pandemic at the expense of the economic effects hence creating a research gap. The cardinal aim of this study was to examine the economic effects of the pandemic on the wellbeing of the market vendors in Kampala city. The specific objectives of this study were; examining how the COVID-19 pandemic economically affected the market vendors in Kampala city, and determining if the pandemic was a demand or supply side shock. The study employed the Blinder-Oaxaca (B-O) decomposition technique, which was originally used in labor economics to decompose earnings gaps and to estimate the level of discrimination. This decomposition method analyses changes in a given variable over time. Descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies, and percentages were generated to gain insights into the data. Consumption and Sales were used as proxies for demand whereas the proxy for supply was production. The decomposition results from the Oaxaca estimates show that consumption, sales, and production reduced after the introduction of the COVID-19 restriction. The pandemic affected the market vendors economically through reduced consumption, sales, and disruption of the supply chain. It is recommended that the government provide appropriate support in form of income support, access to low credit and building the digital capacity of market vendors. This study contributes to the understanding of the economic effects of the pandemic on vulnerable groups-the market vendors.
Efl Teachers’ Implementations of Strategies of Contemporary Theories of Language Teaching and Its Challenges: The Case of Grade 12 English Teacher in Selected Secondary Schools in Ambo
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate EFL teachers’ practices of strategies of contemporary theories of language teaching and its challenges in the case of grade 12 secondary schools of in Ambo town in 2023. The subjects of the study were 15 English language teachers. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The schools were included based on convenience sampling techniques. Three (3) secondary schools were selected using a simple random sampling technique out of 5 secondary schools, and the subjects were selected in a comprehensive sampling technique since they are manageable. Quantitative data were analyzed through SPSS Version 20, whereas the interview was analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study indicated that the teachers sometimes practiced: inquiry-based learning, culturally responsive teaching, mindfulness and social-emotional learning, differentiated instructions, student-centered learning, metacognitive strategies, and adapting the existing materials as strategies of implementing current theories of language teaching. However, the teachers rarely practiced other strategies like personalized learning, blended learning, flipped classroom, project-based learning, gamification and game-based learning, and technology integration. The study also identified that institutional constraints, large class sizes, time constraints, limited training, professional development, language context, and, teacher knowledge of subject matter and beliefs, resources, and lack of technical skills affected the implementation of contemporary theory in the EFL classroom. Therefore, teachers should integrate different modern theories and theorize based on their students' needs, goals, and the specific learning context. Finally, addressing the identified challenges requires a collective effort from educators, policymakers, administrators, and stakeholders in education. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, recommendations are forwarded