Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Multidimensional food security status of households and its determinants in Dera Woreda, North West Ethiopia
Get PDFThe concept of food security and its measurement approach has evolved over time. Previously, food security was primarily viewed from the supply side (food availability). Today, however, food security is recognized as a multidimensional concept encompassing at least four components: food availability, access, utilization, and stability. Consequently, national and international food policymakers require information generated from multidimensional food security indicators. Despite this need, studies to date have often analyzed food security using a single dimension. This study employed a recently developed approach, called the Multidimensional Food Security Index (MFI), to analyze the multidimensional food security status of households and its determinants in Dera Woreda. The index was developed from 24 questions designed to address different dimensions of food security (quantity, quality/diversity, and acceptability). Data were collected from 205 randomly selected households, four focus group discussions, and eight key informant interviews. The findings show that 43.41%, 26.34%, 19.02%, and 11.22% of households fall into the categories of mildly food insecure, food secure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure, respectively, in terms of multidimensional food security. Using a multinomial logit model, household-level variables such as the age of respondents, family size, farm income, marital status, and total farm size were identified as determinants of multidimensional food security in the study area. The study concluded that, despite the production potential, food insecurity prevalence in the area is high. Therefore, to improve the multidimensional food security status of households, relevant stakeholders should undertake both short-and long-term actions, focusing on the variables identified as determinants of multidimensional food security
Illicit Trade and Tax Revenue: Evidence from Ethiopia
No full textThe study has an objective to investigate an illicit trade and lost tax revenue in Dire Dawa and Jigjiga routes. This is conducted by employing descriptive research design and concurrent mixed research approaches. To achieve this objective the study has collected data from 726 officials and taxpayers through questionnaire and from 8 higher officials of Ethiopian custom commission and revenue offices of Dire Dawa and Jigjiga branches. These respondents were selected through simple random and judgmental sampling techniques, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like relative importance index to show the most important challenges to integrate illicit traders into the tax system and inferential statistics like Chi-square. The result of the study indicates that the forms of illicit trade undertaken in the routes are in legal checkpoints by faking values and quantity on invoices with bribe and though illegal check points by smuggling contraband and uncustomed goods but there is no gender difference on the involvement in illicit trade. Each involvement in illicit trade makes a government lose a significant amount of tax revenue annually. Easing of the licensing and certifications process for illicit traders to be engaged in the legal forms of trading, provide tax incentives to illicit traders who voluntarily joined to the tax system and taking punitive and educative measure on the involved in illicit trade can be opportunities to put illicit traders in the legal form of trade and tax system
Exploring the Psychosocial problems of people affected by armed conflict in Selected Woredas of Wollo: Implications for Intervention
No full textThe main objective of this study was to explore how the armed conflict has affected the psychosocial wellbeing of people in selected areas of Wollo, Ethiopia. A sample of 38 people was purposely selected and interviewed about their psychosocial experiences related to armed conflict. The epistemological stance adopted for this study was the phenomenological approach of research that focuses on exploring the lived experiences of participants affected by armed conflict. The results indicated that there were feelings of insecurity, hopelessness, trauma, sexual and physical violence, displacement, and other social and psychological problems among people affected and threatened by armed conflict. The problems were more severe for vulnerable groups such as children, women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Participants reported that they passed through a terrible, frustrating, and suffocating situation with no access to basic services when their areas were occupied by rebel groups. Thus, government and non-government organizations should design appropriate intervention mechanisms to support people affected by armed conflict. Along with the humanitarian help, psychosocial support has to be intensively provided to people affected by the conflict to mitigate the problems accordingly
Causal Correlations of Letter Naming and Number Identification with Numeracy and Literacy: Evidence from Af Somali Medium of Instruction Schools, Ethiopia
No full textLetter and number identifications are foundational components of literacy andnumeracy development. This study hypothesized that letter naming andnumber identification have important implications for numeracy and literacylearning, respectively. Accordingly, the study employed a correlational designon a sample of 229 grades 2 and 3 children selected from six primary (tworefugee and four host community) schools in Kebribeyah and Awbare refugeeareas. Data analyzed using Pearson r showed correlational indices rangingfrom .40 (between number identification and literacy) to .47 (between letternaming and numeracy). The values computed on the relationship betweenletter naming and number identification as well as between literacy andnumeracy indicated a similar relationship, i.e., r=.43. In terms of sharedvariances, further analysis showed shared variances that amounted to 16%,22.10%, and 18.50% respectively. Generally, the results suggested limitedpredictive powers for practical purposes. Besides, linear regressions carriedout taking sex and types of community yielded statistically significantcontributions of type of community, favoring refugee context, on letter namingand literacy learning only. Hence, further large-scale studies are suggested tovalidate the findings and draw curriculum, pedagogical, and teacherdevelopment implications
Mediation of Competitive Advantage among Customer Orientation and Banking Sector Performance in Ethiopia
No full textThis study investigated the function of competitive advantage in mediating the consequences of customer orientation on company performance. Few studies have looked at how customer orientation affects company performance using competitive advantage as a mediator in emerging economies, notably in sub-Saharan Africa. This study made an effort to do researchto fill theoretical, evidence and knowledge void gaps. Quantitative data was gathered using a likert scale based questionnaire from the sampled 383 CBE consumers in the southern Ethiopian region of Dilla. Using the Statistical Evaluation Method (SEM) approach using SPSS and AMOS edition 26, the gathered data were examined for the association among the three hypothesized variables. The outcomes demonstrated that, via the mediation of competitive advantage, customer orientation has a favorable, considerable impact on performance of business. According to the findings of this study, commercial banks should employ customer orientation as a means of gaining a competitive edge. Additionally, it was suggested that future studies examine the consequences of customer orientation on competing companies
The Effect of Risk Management on the Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Ethiopia
No full textThis study examined the effect of risk management on financial performance of insurance companies in Ethiopia using the data of 16 insurance companies during the period of 2014-2019. We employed the two step systems GMM to handle the possible existence of endogeneity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation problems. The results revealed that liquidity and solvency risks have adverse effects on both the short-run and long-run financial performance of Ethiopian insurance companies. However, while technical reserve risk and underwriting risk have a negative effect on the short-run performance, they have a positive effects on the long-run financial performance of insurance companies. The study also confirms a positive effects of reinsurance on both the short-run and long-run financial performance of Ethiopian insurance companies. This study finally recommends that Ethiopian insurance companies should pay greater attention to liquidity risk, solvency risk, technical reserve risk, underwriting risk and reinsurance risk
Sexual Violence in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: An Individual and Contextual Perspective
No full textThis study explored the situation of Sexual Violence (SV), the context in which it occurs and the individual factors that expose female students to SV in Ethiopian higher education institutions by using an ecological approach as a framework and gathering data through interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Instances of SV in the form of verbal harassment, touching, coercion, and asking girls out on a date repeatedly despite the girls’ lack of interest are common. Although the government has made commitments and taken some measures, SV remains a problem in higher education. Addressing sexual violence requires adopting an ecological approach to tackle the factors operating at individual, social, cultural, and historical levels
LANGUAGE TEACHING AND CURRICULA IN TRADITIONAL EDUCATION OF THE ETHIOPIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
No full textAdmission Type and Female Students' Academic Success at Addis Ababa University: The Case of Social Science Students
No full textThis study attempted to estimate the magnitude and pattern ofacademic survival rates and to compara survival rates and achievementsamong female students by type of admission. Longitudinal data on 289fem~/e students who joined the College of Social Sciences FreshmanProgramme at Addis Ababa University in September 1994 were considered.The findings revealed that while the survival status among ~emale studentswas very minimal, the survival status for female students admitted on quotasystem was lower than the SUrvival rates for the regularly admitted femalestudents. The dropout rate among female students was as high as 41 % atthe freshman level (this was largely attributable to academic dismissal ratherthan non·academic reasons), but the rate rapidly declined as the studentsprogressed to higher classes, and within four to six years of universityeducation about 60% managed to successfufJy complete their studies. Onthe oth.er hand the average irend of academic achievement for successfulquota and regular female students increased as the students progressed intheir course of study. Implications of these results are discussed andrecommendations are given
"The Influence of Different types of Secondry Scbool On the Academic Achievment of students in higher Education The case of AAU"
No full textIn order to acompllsh its purpuse this study consists of four main chapters that are framed in the following sequence