Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Determinants of Corporate Investments Decision Making: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
No full textThis study aims to analyze institutional quality, macroeconomic, and firm-specific determinates of corporate investment decision-making. The paper uses the panel regression technique with data for the period of 2013 to 2022 for Ethiopian commercial banks. The positivism research paradigm and explanatory research design were used for this study. The data were collected from the yearly financial reports of the sampled commercial banks, the annual reports of the Ministry of Finance, and the World Bank data websites. Furthermore, a sample of sixty (16) commercial banks was selected from the total population of 30 commercial banks. The method of data analysis started by estimating the pooled OLS model and subsequently using the Breusch-Pagan Lagrangian Multiplier (LM) test to check the suitability of pooled OLS for this model; otherwise, the model will be tested with random effects and subsequently diagnosed using the Hausman test for the correlated random effects, which give hints on the suitability of either random or fixed effects for the model. The random effect model was found to be appropriate for this study objective based on the model test results. The regression result of the study indicated that institutional quality factors such as political stability and rule of law have a positive and statistically significant effect on commercial bank investment decisions. On the other hand, government effectiveness and regulatory quality have a negative and statistically significant effect on the investment decisions of commercial banks. Among the macroeconomic factors, inflation has a negative and statistically significant effect on the investment decisions of Ethiopian commercial banks. On top of these firm-specific variables, only bank size has a negative effect, and, if not at 5%, at 10%, it has a statistically significant effect on the investment decisions of commercial banks
የሕይወት ሽግግሮች የጋራ ትዕምርቶች ትንተና በጃቢ ጠህናን ወረዳ ማህበረሰብ
No full textአኅጽሮተ ጽሑፍ
ይህ ጥናት በጃቢ ጠህናን ወረዳ ማህበረሰብ ዘንድ የሕይወት ሽግግሮችን (ወሊድ፣ ጋብቻና ሞት) ምክንያት በማድረግ በሚፈጸሙ ሥርዓተ ክዋኔዎች (Rituals) ላይ ተደጋግመው የሚታዩ የጋራ የሆኑ ትዕምርቶችን (Symbols) መመርመር ላይ ያተኮረ ነው። የጥናቱ አነሳሽ ምክንያት የሕይወት ሽግግር ሥርዓቶች (Rites of Passage) ሲከበሩ መልካቸውን እየለዋወጡ የሚመጡና፣ በወቅቱ የሚገለጡ ትዕምርቶች መኖራቸው ሲሆን እነዚህንም ጉዳዮች በወጉ ያጠና ጥናት አለመኖሩ ነው። የጥናቱ ዋነኛ ዓላማ የሕይወት ሽግግር ሥርዓቶች ሲከበሩ ተደጋግመው የተገለጡ የጋራ ትዕምርቶችን መተንተን ነው። ለጥናቱ ግብዓት የሆኑ ቀዳማይ መረጃዎች ተጠኝው ማህበረሰብ ከተካለለባቸው አርባ አንድ ቀበሌዎች ውስጥ ስድስቱ በዓላማ ተኮር የንሞና ስልት የተመረጡ ሲሆን፣ አስር ሰዎች ደግሞ በቁልፍ መረጃ ሰጭነት ተሳትፈዋል። የሕይወት ሽግግር ሥርዓቶች ሲከናወኑ በመመልከትና ቃለ መጠይቅ በማካሄድ ተሰብስበዋል። ካልዓይ መረጃዎች ደግሞ ልዩ ልዩ ቤተ መጸሕፍትን፣ ድረ ገጾችንና ሰነዶችን በመጠቀም ተገኝተዋል። የጥናቱን መረጃዎች ለመተንተን ከተግባራዊ፣ ከመዋቅራዊ-ተግባራዊ እና ከፍካሬ ልቡናዊ ንድፈ ሀሳቦች ለዓላማዎች ተስማሚ የሆኑ ሀሳቦች ተመርጠው በማሕቀፍነት ተጠቅሟል። የተተነተነው መረጃ እንደሚያሳየው የሕይወት ሽግግር ሥርዓቶች (ወሊድ፣ ጋብቻና ሞት) የማህበረሰቡ እሴትና መዋቅር የሚገለጥባቸው፣ ተጠናክረውና ተጠብቀው የሚቀጥሉባቸው የሕይወት ዘመን ክስተቶች ናቸው። በአከባበር ሂደታቸው ወቅት በተለይ ሽግግሩን የሚያካሂደው ባለጉዳይ ጥበቃና እንክብካቤ የሚያስፈልገው መሆኑ፣ ማህበራዊነት ጎልቶ የሚታይባቸው እና የሰላምና የእርቅ ማውረጃና ማወጃ አጋጣሚዎች እንዲሁም የልዩ ልዩ መስዋዕት ማቅረቢያ ሁነቶች መሆናቸውን ማጤን ተችሏል። በተጨማሪም በጭንቀትና በስጋት የታጀቡ ሁነቶች መሆናቸው ሶስቱንም የሕይወት ሽግግር ሥርዓቶች ያስተሳሰሩ ትዕምርቶች መሆናቸውን ማረጋገጥ ተችሏል።
ቁልፍ ቃላት፡- [የሕይወት ሽግግር ሥርዓቶች፣ ሥርዓተ ክዋኔ፣ ትዕምርት]
 
Changes in land use and land cover: effects on selected soil properties in Sdeyni Sub-watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia
Get PDFLand use and land cover changes coupled with unplanned agricultural activities have contributed to land degradation. Hence, this study evaluated land use land cover changes, and effects on properties of soils in the Sdeyni sub-watershed in Northeastern Ethiopia. Satellite images for the periods of 1984, 2000, and 2020 were gathered to analyze the land use changes. Crop land, forest land, and bush-land were selected to determine their effects on soil properties. Eighteen disturbed composite and 18 undisturbed core soil samples were collected from the selected three land use types at two depths replicated three times. The results showed that within 36 years, the overall pattern of forest land declined by 1080.49 ha (10.34%) with an annual rate of 0.028%. The LULC analysis showed that the area of bush-land decreased by 4.27% during the first period (1984-2000), and by 0.91 % during the second period (2000-2020). Significantly large areas in the watershed are devoted for crop category while the smallest portion is covered by settlement part. Contrary to this, an increase in the size of cultivated and settlement lands were detected by 5.1 and 3.6%, respectively, compared to 1984. In all land uses, bulk density increased with depth, where the highest value was obtained in the croplands. Across land uses, soil pH varied from 5.57 to 6.93 and it was found in a moderately acidic soil reaction. Significantly higher contents of organic matter, total Nitrogen, and available Phosphorus were obtained on the surface soil of the forest lands. Exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity showed significant differences among land use types and soil depths. All the analyzed bases were more concentrated in the subsoil of the forest lands whereas lowest values were observed on the crop lands. Generally, forest land declined, while an increase in the cultivated and settlement lands was the major land use land cover change. Croplands in the watershed were found poor in soil nutrient content. Therefore, immediate policy interventions are required to protect the forest lands and improve sustainable agricultural productivity
Smallholder farmers’ perception of agro-ecological practices and its determinants: Insights from RIPAT project in Ruangwa District, Tanzania
Get PDFIt is recognized that using agro-ecological practices can guarantee sustained agricultural production, which satisfies the necessary amount of food demand. To persuade farmers to adopt agro-ecological practices, it is imperative first to understand their perception of agro-ecology approach. This study aimed to analyze farmers' perceptions of agro-ecological practices and their determinants, using data that were collected from 126 RIPAT and 126 non-RIPAT farmers who were randomly selected in Ruangwa District, Tanzania. Results revealed a significant difference in perception between RIPAT and non-RIPAT farmers. Most RIPAT farmers perceived agro-ecological practices more likely than their counterpart due to training that increased their awareness. The majority in both groups of farmers perceived the relative advantage of agro-ecological practices, particularly in environmental protection and human health and nutrition, but also considered its implementation as labor-intensive and time-consuming. Unlike non-RIPAT farmers, RIPAT farmers perceived agro-ecological practices as compatible with their social values, farming experience, and demands, and farmers can try to implement them to enhance agricultural production. The results of binary logistic regression showed that exposure to the RIPAT approach, access to information, income, and access to credit were significantly influencing farmers’ perception of agro-ecological practices. Awareness of agro-ecological practices, which could be brought about by training, increases the likelihood of positive perception of the same. Therefore, the study recommends more agro-ecological training programs to enhance farmers’ awareness and knowledge which in turn could influence their perception resulting in enhanced adoption of agro-ecological practices for sustainable food production
A Survey of the Linguistic Development of Sidaama
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Most of the written use of Sidaama in the pre-1991 period was a liturgical one. It was the post 1993 period that witnessed a tremendous development. Hence the objective of this paper is describing the linguistic development of Sidaama with a particular emphasis in the last three decades. First of all, a Latin script was adopted for writing the language while before 1993 it was written in Ethiopic script. Moreover, since 1993 it became a language of instruction in the first cycle of primary schools and then it was taught as a subject. In addition, it begun to be used as an administrative and court language. Furthermore, it became a language of mass media, first in radio broadcasts and since 2015 in TV broadcast. A diploma in Sidaamu Afoo began to be offered at Hawaasa Teachers’ Training College in 2010. In 2013 a B.A.in Sidaamu Afoo and Literature was launched at Hawaasa University and in 2020 a B.Ed. in the same discipline. The language expanded as thousands of neologisms were incorporated and also several books that deal with literary and cultural wealth of the language were published. The language also witnessed development in the sphere of arts and consequently hundreds of songs were recorded. In addition, a theatre troupe was formed that staged dramas based on various genres.
Keywords: [Ethiopia, Sidaama, Cushitic, Highland East Cushitic, linguistic developmen
