Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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የሀድያ ብሔረሰብ ባህላዊ የጋብቻ ሥነ ሥርዓት ክዋኔ
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የዚህ ጥናት ዋና ዓላማ የሀድያ ብሔረሰብ አባላት በባህላዊ የጋብቻ ሥነ ሥርዓት ውስጥ የሚፈጽሟቸውን ክዋኔዎች ከዐውዳቸው በመሰብሰብ ያላቸውን ትርጉም መግለጽና መተንተን ነው። በተጨማሪም በመተጫጨት ሂደት የሽማግሌዎችን ሚና ማሳየት እና በሠርግ ሥነ ሥርዓቱ የሚዘፈኑ ዘፈኖችን ይዘት መተንተን ንዑሳን ዓላማዎቹ ናቸው። ጥናቱን ለማድረግ መነሻ የሆነኝ የመጀመሪያው ምክንያት በጋብቻ ክዋኔው ላይ የሚታዩ ድርጊቶችና ተከታታይ ሁነቶች ፎክሎራዊ ገጽታ እንዳላቸው በተለያየ አጋጣሚ ማየቴ ሲሆን ጥናት በማድረግም እያንዳንዱ ክዋኔ ለምንና እንዴት እንደሚከወን በጥልቀት ለማወቅ ማሰቤ ነው። ሁለተኛው ምክንያት በጋብቻ ሥነ ሥርዓቱ ወቅት የሚታዩ ባህላዊ ገጽታዎች ከጊዜ ወደጊዜ በዘመናዊው እየተተኩ በመምጣታቸው ሙሉ በሙሉ ከመጥፋታቸው በፊት አሁን ያሉትን የጋብቻ ሥነ ሥርዓት ክዋኔ መረጃዎች በመሰብሰብ ተንትኖ ማቅረብና ሰንዶ ማስቀመጡ አስፈላጊ በመሆኑ ነው። በጥናቱም የሀድያ ብሔረሰብ ባህላዊ የጋብቻ ሥነ ሥርዓት ክዋኔ እንዴት ይከናወናል? በየክዋኔው ውስጥ ያለው ትርጉምስ ምንድን ነው? በሠርግ ወቅት የሚዘፈኑ ዘፈኖች ይዘት ምንድን ነው? የሚሉ ጥያቄዎች ምላሽ አግኝተዋል። ጥናቱ አይነታዊ (Qualitative) ሲሆን የጥናቱን አላማ ለማሳካት በተመረጡ ሁለት ወረዳዎች በ2012 ዓ/ም ከነበሩ ባህላዊ ጋብቻዎች በሦስት ሠርግ፣ በሁለት መልስና በአንድ የጋብቻ ጥየቃ ሥነ ሥርዓት ተፈጥሮአዊ መቼቶች ላይ በመገኘት በምልከታና በቃለ መጠይቅ የተሰበሰቡ መረጃዎች ክዋኔና ዐውድን መሰረት ባደረገ ዘዴ ገለጻና ትንተና ተደርጎባቸዋል። ከመረጃ ትንተናው ለመረዳት እንደተቻለው በሀድያ ብሔረሰብ ዘንድ የሚታወቁ አራት የጋብቻ ዓይነቶች ሲኖሩ በማህበረሰቡ ዘንድ ተቀባይነት ያለው በቤተሰብ ስምምነት የሚፈጸመው (ለዲሻ) የጋብቻ ዓይነት መሆኑን ነው። በዚህ የጋብቻ ሥነ ሥርዓት ከመተጫጨት እስከ ቅልቅል በሚፈጽሟቸው ክዋኔዎች አማካይነት የብሔረሰቡ አባላት እራሳቸውን እንደሚገልጹ በጥናቱ ታይቷል። የጥናቱ ግኝት የሚያመለክተው በሠርጉ ሥነ ሥርዓት ወቅት የሚለበሱ አልባሳት፣ የሚበሉ ባህላዊ ምግቦችና የሚጠጡ መጠጦች እንዲሁም የሚዘፈኑ ዘፈኖች እየተከናወነ ያለውን ሂደት የሚጠቁሙ እንጂ እንዲሁ የሚዘጋጁ አለመሆናቸውን ነው። በእያንዳንዱ ሥነ ሥርዓት ክዋኔ አማካይነት የሚተላለፉ መልዕክቶችም ለማህበረሰቡ የሚጠቅሙና ብሔረሰቡን የመግለጽ አቅማቸው ከፍተኛ መሆኑን ጥናቱ አመላክቷል።
ቁልፍ ቃላት፡- [ሥነ ሥርዓት፣ ክዋኔ፣ ዐውድ]
 
A Quest for Transforming Ethiopian Higher Education System (HES): Implications for Public Sector Transformation
No full textThe Higher Education System (HEIs) are demanded, nowadays more than ever before, to be frontiers of public sector transformation by directing their research, teaching, and services to societal needs; and by delivering transformative outcomes. Practically, nonetheless, the Ethiopian HES is currently facing unprecedented challenges, which cannot be abated unless systematic transformation is put in place. The Purpose of the study was, therefore, to investigate the hitherto reform rationales and the causes for some reform failures, and the feasible expeditions for transforming the Ethiopian HES. Exclusively a qualitative approach was used by generating data from document scrutiny and interviews. The results have shown that the hitherto reform rationales were the HEIs’ mandates, aspirations, expectations; dynamisms, challenges; and failed previous reforms due to top-down initiatives, loose accountability and momentum, unengaged leadership, undesirable institutional culture, piecemeal/surface symptoms, nominal board assignment and culture, unaligned budget with mission, overly and ineffective communication, and focusing just on the visible ignoring the invisibles. Ways of transforming the HES and sustaining it demands aligning transformation initiatives with the institutional mandates, aspirations, expectations, and the dynamisms; progressively overcoming the challenges; approaching transformation systemically; transforming the very assumptions of HES; building a culture of indigenous knowledge paradigm; institutionalizing transformation endeavors; enhancing ownership and instructional leadership; and enforcing autonomy with accountability
Customer Satisfaction with Ethio-Djibouti Railway Transportation Services: An Analysis Using the KANO Model
No full textThis study aimed to assess the railway service quality and consumer satisfaction in Ethio-Djibouti railway (EDR), a new public transportation started in 2018. The study employed surveys, KANO model, and ordinal multiple regression to assess customer satisfaction. It is found that new EDR services are effective in five out of ten service quality categories or attributes, such as reliability, climate control, travel time, information provision, and cleanliness. The EDR line is experiencing improved satisfaction levels, operating better than bus and truck services, but with declining levels from 2021-2022. Recent customers and passengers have higher satisfaction levels than older and freight service users. Half of the analyzed attributes, mainly payment-convenience and staff/hostel service, have insignificant impacts on customer satisfaction, while high levels of insignificance are found in payment-convenience and staff/hostel service. KANO model categorizes Staff/Hostess service and Cleanliness as BASIC features, while information provision is categorized as a performance feature. Reliability, Service-frequency & fare-levels are considered exciting features. However, customers are indifferent to payment-convenience, security, climate-control, and travel-time features. The study concludes that the chosen model, which emphasizes the significance of seeing a service as bundle of qualities rather than individual features, is correct. Since the KANO model helps to better understand customers’ expectations and impact on satisfaction, these insights can inform EDR system and policy-makers to set market-driven priorities. To enhance customers’ satisfaction, trust & values need to get adequate arrangements, technological-innovation and calibrate service performance monitoring instruments mainly on BASIC, exciting and performance features
Trends in Personal Names of Šäwan Royal Family from Nǝguś Śahlä Śǝllase to Nǝguśä Nägäst Ḫaylä Śǝllase I, c.1810s-1970s
No full textThis article is an attempt to analyse trends in the personal names of “Šäwan royal families” with a particular reference to the seven consecutive generations of Nǝguś Śahlä Śǝllase’s descendants to the period of Nǝguśä Nägäst Ḫaylä Śǝllase I, as one aspect of sociocultural history. The available literature on the issue gave more emphasis to the meaning, naming practices, classifications, and reasons of personal names and naming among different Ethiopian societies than trends. The data was obtained from both primary and secondary historical sources. The major primary source was “ኁልቁ፡ ትውልድ፡፡ ዘ ንጉሥ፡ ሣህለ፡ ሥላሴ፡፡”, “the number of Nǝgus Śahlä Śǝllase’s descendants,” collected by Mahtämä Śǝllase Wäldä Mäsqäl and published in 1965 EC. He organized the list in a sequential order from the first to the seventh generation. The personal names of about two thousand descendants were taken from the list and classified into five themes: place, religious, economic, hegemony, and “miscellaneous”. The finding reveals that more than sixty percent of the personal names of the descendants were associated with hegemony in the first half of the 19th century and gradually declined to thirty percent in the second half of the 20th century. Similarly, gradual changes took place in the other themes: places from Šäwa to Ethiopia, religion from prefix to direct Biblical, and economic from gold and silver to diamond. Finally, personal names identified as “miscellaneous” are also becoming “modern”
Predicaments in Employing Ethiopian Sign Language as Mother Tongue of Deaf Children
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the use of Ethiopian Sign Language (EthSL) as a mother tongue in the education of deaf children while also revealing some of the challenges encountered in this field. The study utilized qualitative methods, such as observations, document analysis, and interviews with school staff and government officials. The findings highlighted that EthSL is not yet acknowledged and accepted as a full language of education like other Ethiopian languages. Lack of curriculum, textbooks, trained teachers, allotted periods, and other necessary inputs are some of the manifestations of its exclusion. The study also revealed that the dominant inclusive education approach was not tailored to the specific sociolinguistic needs of deaf students. Consequently, the Linguistic Human Rights (LHR) for Mother Tongue (MT) education of deaf children in schools is neither promoted nor protected. These results suggest a critical need to reevaluate current policies and practices
Early-Grades’ Vocabulary Instruction and Nation’s (2013) Word Learning Framework: the Theory’s Realities and Instructional Contents in the Grade One Amharic Textbooks
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the vocabulary knowledge components4delivered in grade one Amharic textbooks in light of Nation‘s (2013) wordknowledge framework. It targeted to address two main objectives: firstly, toreveal the Nation’s (2013) word knowledge components existing in the gradeone Amharic vocabulary instruction with reference to the student book and theteacher’s guide. Secondly, it aims to examine the framework’s theoreticalsuggestions in terms of the vocabulary contents appeared in the selectedinstructional materials. The study employed a qualitative document analysismethod. Data was collected using a checklist adapted from Nation’s (2013)word awareness components’ framework. The results reveal that (a) thetextbook consists of more vocabulary knowledge components’ activities thanthe teacher’s guide; (b) meaning is given more coverage, followed by form,where the component of use is found to be the least attention. The mostimpressive finding is that some sub-components of Nation’s framework, suchas word part (under the component of form), and grammatical function (underthe component of use) do not appear as parts of the contents of the selectedinstructional materials. On the other hand, word formation is found to beanaspect delivered in the materials, which is not a part of Nation’s wordknowledge framework. Therefore, this study substantiates that vocabularyinstruction contents in early grades might go beyond the theoreticalsuggestions of the Nation’s (2013) word learning framework, and theframework might not be fully addressing issues related to the early grades’vocabulary instruction, so it might need to include more elements to be a wordlearning framework for all grade levels
Does Organizational Commitment act as a Mediating Factor among Ethical Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Practices in Ethiopian Healthcare Facilities
No full textIn the Ethiopian setting, this study examines the link between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), with a focus on the mediating function of organizational commitment. A survey of 385 employees from various Ethiopianhealthcare facilities was conducted. First, to determine if the sample size is sufficient for factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test is performed. The validity and reliability of the components are then confirmed, and the measurement model isvalidated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Next, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) with the AMOS tool to explore the hypothesized correlations between organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, and ethical leadership. The results demonstrate that employee organizational commitment somewhat attenuates the association between leader morale and corporate citizenship behavior, whereas leader morale significantly increases it. The study highlights the significance of leader morale in fostering an engaged workplace culture
Growth, yield and grain quality responses of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) cultivars to irrigated and rain-fed production systems at Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia
Get PDF Wheat production under the irrigation production system is a recent event in Ethiopia. There is limited information on the comparative advantage of the irrigated over rain-fed production systems on yield and grain quality of wheat. Thus, these researches were conducted to evaluate the performance of durum wheat cultivars under irrigation and rain-fed production systems. The treatments consisted of twenty durum wheat cultivars. The experiments were conducted in irrigated and rain-fed conditions for two consecutive years 2020 and 2021. Each experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. After the variance homogeneity test combined analysis over the production years within the production systems was conducted. The effects of production systems on the tested parameters were evaluated by pair-wise T-test analysis. The combined results over 2020 and 2021 years indicated that the tested cultivars significantly affected the growth, grain yield and quality of durum wheat in each of the production systems. In each production system combined over the production years, the cultivars Mangudo, Tesfaye, Utuba, Tate, and Hitosa recorded the highest grain yield while the cultivars Bakalcha, Toltu, Bullalla, Fetan, and Utuba registered the higher grain protein content. The cultivar Utuba combined over 2020 and 2021 years recorded the highest grain yield with greater grain protein content in the rain-fed as well as in the irrigated production systems. According to the results of the pair-wise T-test analysis, the irrigated production system increased the plant height (8.5%), productive tillers per plant (45.6%), spikelet per spike (25.8%), kernel per spike (42.1%), grain yield (40.9%), biomass yield (36%), thousand kernel weight (25%) and hectoliter weight (39%) of durum wheat compared to the rain-fed system. The irrigation production system was superior in most of the parameters of durum wheat compared to the rain-fed. Mangudo, Tesfaye, Utuba, Tate, and Hitosa could be promising cultivars for rain-fed as well as for irrigated systems for enhancing the grain yield of durum wheat in the study area and areas with similar agro-ecological conditions
Review of Chaha Phonology and Morphology
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The article focuses on reviewing the phonology and Morphology of Chaha, a Gurage variety belonging to the Ethio-Semitic language family. The study relies on previous works in Chaha variety and utilizes a secondary data collection method. The review incorporates all existing works of Chaha Phonology and Morphology, as well as the author’s knowledge as a second-language speaker of Chaha. It was observed that there is a lack of consensus among the linguists on certain points, particularly regarding certain sounds, and a lack of detailed discussion of morphology