Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Cool Harmattan Episodes in the Northwestern Region of Nigeria (1961 – 2020)
No full textThis study examined cool harmattan episodes in the Northwestern Region of Nigeria from 1961 to 2020). Over a period of 60 years, monthly minimum temperatures of the harmattan seasons (November to February) were collected and analyzed for five (5) selected stations: Kaduna, Kano, Gusau, Katsina, and Sokoto. The study concentrated on evaluating sub-periods occurrences of cool harmattan events in the study area. Specifically, the analysis encompassed the 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 sub-periods, respectively. A Standard Anomaly Index (SAI) was employed in this study to assess cool harmattan episodes (CHEs) during the harmattan seasons. The categorization of the index was adapted from a similar study conducted in the same geographic region, which established SAI thresholds for various levels of harmattan intensity. However, that study specifically concentrated on severe cold harmattan events, whereas the present study extends the application of the SAI to examine cool harmattan episodes (CHEs). Findings revealed that stations such as Kano, Katsina and Sokoto experienced an increase in CHEs during the most recent sub-period (1991-2020) compared to the earlier sub-period (1961-1990). In contrast, stions like Kaduna and Gusau saw a decline in CHEs during the latter sub-period (1991-2020) compared to the former or first sub-period (1961-1990). The cause of the decline in CHEs in these stations (Kaduna & Gusau) may be associated with the issue of climate change. The study recommends that further research is needed to better understand the underlying factors influencing the regional differences and to inform targeted climate adaptation measures
Affective and Professional Knowledge Components: An Assessment of their Association and Implication in Primary School Mathematics Teacher Education
No full textThe competence of pre-service teachers at teacher education colleges is at stake in Ethiopia where some are attributed to knowledge dimensions and the other to affective dimensions. This Study assessed the association between the knowledge dimensions and affective components pre-service teachers should possess by employing a correlational survey design and indicating implications. A sample was drawn from nine colleges of teacher education (CTE) which was selected using stratified sampling. Those selected regions that have only one CTE were selected based on availability sampling. The Study employed questionnaires with five-point Likert scale-type questions. Factor analysis followed by correlational analysis was conducted to reduce data. As a result, the seven knowledge components of technological pedagogical content knowledge were significantly correlated among each other. The three affective component variables were also significantly correlated. The aggregate of knowledge and affective variables were found to have a significant correlation with around 42% of common variance. Despite these, the primary and secondary factor loadings were extracted. The Study result indicates a strong association between knowledge and affective components. Thus, it has been recommended that the capacity of teacher educators should be enhanced and a teacher education program that fulfills both ends to meet the demands for teacher knowledge for teaching and concerned bodies should be developed. Also, attention should be given to enhancing affective constructs through integrating content, pedagogy, and technology beyond the usual knowledge related concerns. 
Assessing factors influencing the effectiveness of lease finance projects: The case of Development Bank of Ethiopia
No full textThe objective of this study is to identify and investigate factors that influence the effectiveness of lease finance projects at the Development Bank of Ethiopia (DBE). Building on previous research, seven key factors were identified that can affect project effectiveness, specifically within the context of investment and business projects. These factors include project specific factors, project planning-related factors, procurement and contract-related factors, project manager-related factors, project owners/clients-related factors, organizational related factors, and business environment-related factors. To achieve this objective, descriptive and explanatory research designs were employed. The research approach is quantitative, and survey based primary data is employed. The study primarily utilized self-administered questionnaires to gather information. A total of 112 out of 125 questionnaires were completed by DBE staff at the head office and four district offices in Addis Ababa. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, specifically mean and standard deviations, and multiple linear regressions. The results of the regression analysis showed that the identified factors explained 87.2% of the variation in the effectiveness of project implementation in lease-financed projects at DBE, as indicated by the R² value. Furthermore, all factors examined in the study were found to be significant predictors of project implementation effectiveness. It was concluded that project-specific factors, such as project planning-related factors, procurement and contract-related factors, project manager-related factors, project owners/clients-related factors, organizational-related factors, and business environment-related factors significantly predict the effectiveness of project implementation in lease-financed projects at the Development Bank of Ethiopia. Based on these findings, the study recommends that DBE can enhance the effectiveness of lease financed projects by incorporating the identified factors into project implementation
The Effect of Budget Formulation on the Public Sector Effectiveness Moderated by Participative Budgeting in Addis Ababa City Administration
No full textBudget formulation, the process of creating and developing a government's budget, plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of public sector organizations. The budget serves as a financial plan that allocates resources and guides the implementation of government policies and programs. The effectiveness of budget formulation can be influenced by various factors, including the moderating variable of participative budgeting. The study conducted in the Addis Ababa City Administration aimed to assess the effect of budget formulation on public sector effectiveness, with the moderating variable of participative budgeting. The research employed a pragmatic research paradigm and a mixed research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Quantitative data were collected through a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to employees working in selected public sectors. The research utilized a combination of probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods. The population size of the study was 4580, and a sample of 368 employees was selected, with 346 questionnaires returned. Once the data was gathered, it was analyzed using SPSS version-26 and AMOS-23. The analysis focused on factors related to budget formulation, including strategic planning, budget preparation, the competence of human resources, and budget approval. The study also examined the influence of participative budgeting as a moderating variable on the effectiveness of public sectors. The findings of the study were presented using descriptive and explanatory research techniques, leading to a discussion of the results. The study revealed a direct and significant positive relationship between the independent variables (strategic planning, budget preparation, budget approval, competence of human resources) and the dependent variable (organizational effectiveness). Additionally, the study found a significant effect of the moderating variable, the participative budget. Based on the results, the study suggests that to achieve effectiveness in the public sector, the city administration's public sectors should consider strategic planning, participative budgeting, and the revision of the existing line-item budget system during budget formulation. These factors contribute to improving organizational effectiveness in the public sectors examined in the study
The Socio-Pragmatic Analysis of Amharic Euphemisms of Death
Get PDFAbstract
The main objective of this study is to examine the socio-pragmatic analysis of Amharic euphemisms of death within the frameworks of relevance and politeness theories. The study used a qualitative research design and employed focus group discussion, semi-structured interviews, and introspection for the purpose of data gathering. The results show that death is taboo in Amhara society in the study’s realms, including the church, mosque, home, school, and hospital. As a result, they refrained from mentioning the deaths of infants, children or youths, adults, and elderly people. Instead, they use euphemistic expressions. The linguistic devices that are used in euphemizing taboo expressions in Amharic include metaphor, idiom, understatement, overstatement, and borrowing. Hence, research participants in the study locations employed different techniques for avoiding anxiety, maintaining calm, and being polite.
Keywords: [taboo, euphemism, death, euphemistic strategies, face]
 
የሞት ፍልስፍና በተመረጡ የአማርኛ ግጥሞች ውስጥ
No full textአጠቃሎ፦ ይህ ጥናት ትኩረት ያደረገው ከአራት የግጥም ሥራዎች የተመረጡ አራት ግጥሞች ላይ ነው። ግጥሞቹ ነቢይ መኮንን፤ ፀሐይ መላኩ፤ አበባው መላኩና አንዷለም አባተ ጸጋዬ ገብረ መድኅንን ለመዘከር የገጠሟቸው ግጥሞች ናቸው። ግጥሞቹ ሊመረጡ የቻሉት ሞትን በፍልስፍና ዕይታ በማዬታቸው ለጥናቱ ጉዳይ ቀጥተኛ ተተኳሪ ሊሆኑ በመቻላቸው ነው። በጥናቱ የተፈተሹት፤ የተመረጡትም ጉዳይ-መር (purposive) ዘዴን በመጠቀም ነው። የጥናቱ ዓላማ ገጣሚዎቹ ምን ዓይነት የሞት ፍልስፍናን እንደሚከተሉ ማሳዬት ነው። በጥናቱ ማረጋገጥ እንደተቻለው አራቱ ገጣሚያን የተለያዩ የሞት ፍልስፍናዎችን ይከተላሉ። ፍልስፍናቸውም ‹ከሞት በኋላ ሕይወት› እና ‹ሞት የመጨረሻ› በሚሉት ሁለት ጥቅል የሞት ፍልስፍና ጥላዎች ውስጥ ማረፍ ቢችሉም ገጣሚያኑ የየራሳቸው ዝርዝር የሞት ፍልስፍና እንዳላቸው ማረጋግጥ ተችሏል። 
The Impact of Rural womens Employment on Their empowerment as Household Level The case of Sebeta Hawas Woreda Central oromia Ethiopia
No full textWomen’s participation in economic activities is considered as a vital factor forensuring sustainable development. Accordingly, the Ethiopian government hasenacted different policy measures which give due emphasis to enhancingwomen’s employment opportunities in its effort to alleviate poverty. Suchpolicy measures are also believed to redress gender inequality withinhouseholds and the society at large. This paper attempts to analyse the impactsof wage employment and selfemployment on wives’ household decisionmaking power in their marital life based on the data generated from a ruralcommunity in Central Oromia, Ethiopia. The study employed mixed researchmethods. A survey was conducted to collect quantitative information from 555currently married women residing in five sample in the study area.Propensity score matching method was used to estimate the effect of women’swage employment and selfemployment on their decisionmaking power. Thequantitative results were substantiated using the qualitative data collectedusing indepth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informantinterviews, which were analysed using constant thematic analysis. As arguedin the theory of resources in cultural context, the results reveal that,irrespective of employment category, employment fails to positively affect thewives’ household decisionmaking power. The paper, in general, argues that itis crucial to give due attention to the role of a web of power structures (sociocultural, economic, and political) in order to effectively ensure women’sempowerment and address gender inequality in the country
LABOUR FORCE UTILI ZATION IN TRADITIONAL ARTAGRICULTURE: ESTIMATES OF SURPLUS LABOUR IN VILLAGE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLIGHTS OF OF ETHIOPIA
No full textLABOUR FORCE UTILI ZATION IN TRADITIONAL ARTAGRICULTURE: ESTIMATES OF SURPLUS LABOUR IN VILLAGE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLIGHTS OF OF ETHIOPI The question of surplus labour in traditional areussi yek eht fo eno neeb sah erutlucigs in development economics this article firat surveya of the controversies sut fo txetnoc eht ni tcejbus eht gnidnuorrhe ethiopian conditions.Alternative version of the labour availability approch were developed and used to estimate the surpl[s labour for a set of private forms and for collective farm located in the case of study village.The strength of the estimates was then assesed in the light of data gnereted by a time allocation sudy which allowed the researcher to closely examine how leisure time was distibuted between different demographic groups
Exploring Conflict Resolution Mechanisms among the Gumuz and the non-Gumuz communities in Metekel zone of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study was intended to examine conflict resolution mechanisms among the Gumuz and the non-Gumuz communities (the Amhara, Oromo and Agew) currently inhabiting in the Metekel zone of Benishangul Gumuz Region since 1990s to present. Employing a qualitative research approach, data was collected using Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with traditional leaders, community elders, government officials, legal experts, civil society representatives, and members of conflict-affected communities. The findings indicate that legal pluralism has long been exercised, where both the state-run and local institutions of conflict resolution are operational to handle the intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic conflicts. Customary methods are predominantly used for managing intra-ethnic conflicts, mainly among the Gumuz community, while inter-ethnic conflicts tend to be managed through state-led processes. The customary conflict resolution mechanisms have not yet fully realized their potentials in both shaping the shared future and nurturing durable peace. Efforts towards conflict resolution in the area have predominantly relied on formal approaches using state structures and authority, with limited efficacy in terms of conflict resolution and peace-building outcomes. The study suggests instituting a more integrated approach of both apparatuses, and yet essentially builds on the existing customary practices would help immensely to ensure a self-regulating peace. Harnessing traditional practices with formal strategies would provide a more comprehensive and effective strategy to achieve sustainable peace in the Metekel zone
Structured Deliberative Gossip and Nigerian Government in the Digital Era
Get PDFActive citizen participation in governance, openness and prompt provision of adequate information for the public to make informed decision is crucial for any meaningful development to be achieved. Unfortunately, governance in Nigeria is shrouded in secrecy, lies, half-truths, gossips and rumours which negate some of the cardinal precepts of democracy generally. Since such opportunities for citizen engagement are lacking, it is common for Nigerians to resort to social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter (X), WhatsApp and Blogs to access and share information which may result in cyber-gossip or cyber-rumour peddling especially on burning national issues. This research therefore, examines structured deliberative gossip and Nigerian government in the digital era. Anchored on structured deliberative gossip theory, the study uses simple random sampling technique and 385 sample size which was drawn from Taraba state for analysis and discussion using tables and simple percentage. Findings reveal that, Nigerian government engage in gossips and rumours as ways of gauging public opinion and testing their popularity or otherwise before they are implemented thereby serving as precursor for policy formation. However, this research recommends among other things that, citizen participation and adequate information provision, openness and transparency can help to reduce the propagation of gossips by the government. Also, since gossips and rumours can affect the government negatively, there is a need for the government to control rumour propagation by releasing official Rumor-Refuting Information (ORI)