Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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LEARNING BY OBJECTIVES IN A TEACHER TRAlNINIG PROGRAM: TOWARDS A COMPETENCE-BASED EXPERIENCE CURRICULUM
No full textThis short article outlines the preparation of a competence based experiencecuriculum. /t is based on an experiment conducted to groups of prospectiveteachers at AAU. Six groups ofprospective teachers were made 'to experience'their tasks through a proplem-based instructional objective format while six others'experienced aboul' these tasks via prescriptive instructonal objective format.Results 0/ the experiment generally suggest that the groups who 'experienced'their task performed better than those who 'experienced about' such tasks
Medical Radiologic Technology Education in Ethiopia: Implications for the Development of Postgraduate Programs
No full textRadiological imaging has become an essential tool in disease diagnosis, treatment and management. Medical imaging professionals were crucial in providing radiological imaging services in healthcare facilities. Training these professionals requires a rigorous program at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Radiologic technology education has progressed to the level of doctoral philosophy (PhD) in many countries. Despite the fact that the number of universities offering undergraduate radiology technology programs in Ethiopia has increased in the last five years, there is currently no recognized institution offering a well-established postgraduate radiology technology program. Due to the lack of established postgraduate training opportunities, graduates were forced to leave the profession, which posed problems for the health care system. The purpose of this study was to explore medical radiology technology education in Ethiopia and the challenges and future prospects of postgraduate education in the field. A descriptive qualitative research method was used in the study. Secondary document reviews and semi-structured interviews with five key informants were conducted. The interviews were held between February 16 and February 22, 2022. The study identified the historical foundations of Ethiopian radiology technology education, the quest for graduate programs and the role of radiology technologists in healthcare services. There is a great need for postgraduate education in radiology technology in Ethiopia. Graduates must continue to enjoy their professional development while remaining in the sector and providing quality health care services in medical imaging. Collaboration between stakeholders and higher education institutions is necessary to meet the continuing education needs of health professionals
DEFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT BASED MATERIALS UNDER REPEATED LOADING
Get PDFBond degradation of the constitutematerials of the structure causes an increase in residual deflection and total surface crack width which reduces overall performance of structures. Advanced construction materials such as ultra-high strength fiber-reinforced concrete,commonly known as engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and fiber reinforced strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC)are designed to offer superior mechanical properties with multiple fine cracks and deformability than conventional concrete materials because of the bridging effect of embedded fibers. In general, both ECC and SHCC can be suitable for applications involving repeated loadings. However, the performance depends on magnitude, type of loads, etc. In this study, deformational behavior of fiber reinforced cement-based materials, ECC and SHCC, under repeated loading (low cycle fatigue) is investigated. Test results showed that, ECC is bendable, the deformation can be easily detected and has high impact resistance. On the other hand, SHCC has the potential for multiple cracking and strain-hardening behavior. ECC and SHCC can thus be used for strengthening and retrofitting of structural lements in addition to their benefits for new construction works
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF KALITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT’S UP FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR USING SURFACE RESPONSE METHODS
Get PDFThe main aim of this study was to examine and optimize the performance of anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) using the surface response method-central composite design (RSM-CCD). The influences of several operational parameters were considered, including temperature (0 to 30°C), organic loading rate (OLR) (1 to 3 kg COD/m3·d), pH (6.3 to 7.8), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (4 to 12h). The pilotscale reactor had a volume of 48.8 L. The RSM-CCD was used for the determination of the number of runs and the optimization of operational parameters. According to the derived model, the reactor exhibited optimal results under the following conditions: Temperature (23.0°C), OLR (2.3 kg COD/m3·d), pH (7.5), and HRT (11.4h). Removals of 84.1%, 99.9%, and 100% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), tota
Does women’s employment impact on their agency in the rural Ethiopian context? Empirical evidence from Sebeta Hawas District, Central Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFWomen’s empowerment has become a key aspect of global development agenda. Increasing women’s access to resourcesincluding employment opportunities in particular has become central to this agenda. There is both an instrumental and intrinsic rationale for this, at least at a conception level. Nevertheless, the intrinsic aspect of women’s employment often falls out of the frame in conventional development practices and research endeavours in the area. Hence, the paper aims to examine the impact of women’s employment on their agency in rural Ethiopian context taking the case of Sebeta Hawas district in Central Oromia. Mixed research methods were employed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were generated using a combination of survey, interviews and focus group discussions. The quantitative data was analysed using the PropensityMatching Method (PSM) and the corresponding results were substantiated using qualitative data which were analysed usingthematic analysis. The study draws on Kabeer’s (1999) empowerment model that explicates the nuanced process involved in the translation of women’s access to resources to empowerment outcomes. The findings of the study revealed that women’s wage employment significantly enhanced their self-worth by 6 percentage points,whereas self-employment was found to have minimal impact. This suggests the importance of the type of work that provides women with better financial reward enabling them to meaningfully contribute to their households needs and creates a space allowing them access to new source information beyond their traditional domain in positively impacting women’s self-worth. It also signifies how significant thecultural meanings associated with the work is in shaping the women’s employment outcomes
Challenging the Myth of Ethiopian Terrain Advantage: An Exploration of the Battle of Adwa
Get PDFThis study recasts the Battle of Adwa through a geographic lens, illuminating the spatial dynamics of troop camps, mobility, time management, and the intricate interplay between armies and terrain. In doing so, it challenges the commonly held narrative of Ethiopia's inherent topographic advantage, uncovering a unifying spatial pattern across the Italo-Ethiopian war's battlefields. Beyond highlighting this shared spatial structure, the study reveals how Ethiopia's geography proved not just a shield, but also a double-edged sword. Its strategic location and geo-economic assets made it a consistent target for invasion, despite the terrain's challenges. Additionally, the research sheds light on the pivotal role of "core-periphery" geopolitics in shaping the war's outcome, as Italian attempts to exploit regional divisions met their match against Ethiopian unity. Furthermore, the study emphasises the crucial element of adaptability in the face of diverse landscapes. Emperor Menelik's spatially-oriented leadership empowered his generals to outmanoeuvre the rigidly positioned Italian army, exemplifying "topographical possibilism" in contrast to the Italians' "topographic determinism" - their dependence on strategic locations for exerting pressure. Ultimately, the Battle of Adwa stands as a testament to the fact that victory doesn't solely reside in the terrain; it hinges on human agency and the ability to adapt and overcome
Effect of stocking density on the physico-chemical characteristics of pond water and survival rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia:
Get PDFThe quality of culture water is an important parameter in fish farming as it is the major factor that affects the survival, growth, reproduction and health of the culture animal. With fish stocking density, the physical and chemical characteristics of pond water changes frequently to the extent that affects the performance of the fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stocking density on the physico-chemical characteristics of pond water and the survival rate of Nile tilapia. The study was conducted at the Fishery Research Center in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from February to August 2021. Throughout the culture period, the physical water quality parameters of each treatment were recorded twice a day and the measurements of fish growth and chemical parameters of pond water were taken every month. Data recorded during the experimental period was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the variation between the different means was compared using the SAS software version 9.4. The result of this experiment indicated the existence of significant differences in most water quality parameters at different densities of fish stocking. There was also a difference in the survival of the experimental fishes between treatments. However, the difference in fish survival was not significant and there was no problem on the welfare of fishes. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, and salinity ranged between 22.07 °C to 29.43 °C, 3 mg/L to 8.15 mg/L, 6.4 to 10.39, 178 µS/cm to 241µS/cm, and 0.035 psu to 0.12 psu respectively. Secchi depth and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) ranged between 22 cm to 39 cm and 0.0153µg/L and 0.0513 µg/L respectively. The differences in DO, pH, conductivity, secchi depth, and chl-a between treatments were significant with stocking density (p < 0.05). The variation in the level of ammonia was highly significant (p < 0.001) between treatments and water quality deteriorated with density. However, the mean ranges of Physico-chemical water quality parameters were at the recommended range for tilapia culture and hence the survival rate of O niloticus at different stocking densities was higher. For the sake of getting higher production per unit area, it is recommended to stock 7 fishes/m2