Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Classification and Determinants of Rural Households Participation in Livelihood Diversification Strategies in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study investigates the livelihood diversification strategies of rural households and the factors that determine their engagement in these strategies. The study employed Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), focus group discussion, and individual in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect quantitative data from 405 randomly selected rural households. Thematic and narration used for qualitative data analysis.The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Multivariate probit model. The findings revealed that purpose was a vital criterion in addition to sector, location, and function in classifying rural households' livelihood diversification strategies. Onfarm wealth-accumulation strategy, non-farm wealth-accumulation strategy, off-farm survival strategy, non-farm survival selfemployment strategy, and non-farm survival wage-employment strategy were categorized. The Multivariate Probit, used for analyzing non-mutually exclusive dependent variables, estimation revealed that male-headed households, commercialization, highland, and midland relative to lowland agro-ecology enhance the rural households' engagement in on-farm wealth- accumulation and nonfarm wealth-accumulation livelihood diversification strategies.Landholding size, estimated value of farm and non-farm equipment, the estimated value of crop production increase participation in nonfarm wealth-accumulation livelihood diversification strategy while, livestock holding size increased participation in on-farm wealth accumulation livelihood diversification strategy. On the other hand, the higher the estimated value of farm and non-farm equipment, the estimated value of crop produced, livestock holding size, and commercialization are associated with the lower the likelihood of participation in off-farm survival, non-farm survival wageemployment, and non-farm survival self-employment livelihood diversification strategies. The findings imply resource endowment and commercialization increase rural households' involvement in wealth-accumulation livelihood diversification strategies. Therefore, policymakers need to focus on the most suitable ways of supporting classified livelihood diversification strategies, thereby enhancing linking agriculture commercialization and diversification of livelihood strategies that induce economic progress
Dreams to Reality: Unraveling the Secrets of Youth Entrepreneurship in Adama C
Get PDFYouth unemployment is becoming a serious concern in the urban population of Ethiopia. With a focus on turning dreams into tangible ventures, the research aims to uncover the secrets behind the success of young entrepreneurs and identifies the main factors confining youth from self-employment. Utilizing primary data collected at the woreda level, the study analyzes both qualitative and quantitative data from a sample size of 384 respondents. Through factor analysis, composite variables are created to examine the impact of both local and youth-specific factors attributable to youth entrepreneurship. Finally, Poisson and Tobit regression models are used to estimate the likelihood of youth starting their own business and its determinant factors. The findings shed light on the pivotal role of entrepreneurial learning, network, & support system, family status, opportunity constraint, and dissatisfaction with current employment opportunities in driving youth towards self-employment. In the pursuit of self-employment in the city, personal factors hold greater significance than the business environment like macroeconomic and socio-political conditions of the country. Men are found to be voluntarily self-employed and choose self-employment as a career path while women engage in self-employment out of necessity rather than choice. The majority of women are largely involuntary and unemployed. Age prevails “U-shaped” self-employment tendency among youth. There is a low correlation between education and self-employment, youth with degrees and above have shown a lower tendency of starting their own business than their counterparts. The path to youth self-employment in Adama City involves interconnected stages: personal development, technical development, provision of economic incentives, institutional development, and market linkage. When these factors align, young individuals can turn their dreams into reality and contribute to the city's economic prosperity. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, highlighting the need for targeted support and policies to nurture and empower young entrepreneur
ETHIOPIAN PIONEERING IN ADULT EDUCATION:BERHANEH ZARE NEW INSTITUTE (1948-1978)
No full textThere is an apparent lack ot knwledgeabout education institutions in Ethiopia.In an attempt to fill one gap in thisdirection, this article takes Berhaneh ZareNe~ Institute (BZNI) 
Collocation and the Non-native English Language Teacher
No full textThere is a commonplace assumption that the more single formwords B Isarner knows, the larger is the leamer's vocabulary knowledge,and hence he/she is a good language user. As a result of this assumption,vocabulary leaching' is too often associated with the provision of a singleword synonym for a new word or words leamers encounter during Englishlessons. This approach entertains only one aspect of vocabularyknowledge: the substitutability of one word for the other in a sentencebecause of meaning similarity. There is also another kind of vocabularyknoWledge known as collocation - the way words are combined inpermiSsible manners in the context of use. However, this aspect ofvocabulary knpw/edge has usually been overlooked or at best been seen asmarginal to English language courses. This paper argues that knowingwords as independent synonymous, linguistic units does not guaranteelearners' ability to collocate the words with the restricted range ofpossibilities. Hence, collocation is an important aspect of vocabularyknowledge that requires explicit training. Two questions are addressed inthe present study: (1) Given two groups of content words (verb-noun andadjective-noun) that are very well familiar to non-native teachers of English,to what extent can they recognize the combinatory possibilities of thesewords, and form with them acceptable and meaningful English phrases? (2)Do the teachers combine the words to form unacceptable phrases in spite oftheir knowledge of the individual words? The results show that the subjectsof the study have severely limited collocational knowledge. They have alsomanifested the inability to distinguish typical collocations from untypicalones. The results support the view that collocations need to be taughtexplicitly. Thus, teaching implications have been provide
