Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Effects of integrated fertilizer application on soil properties and yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Nitisols in Pawe District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Get PDFIn many parts of Ethiopia, the primary challenge limiting crop productivity is the depletion of soil fertility. Despite being one of Ethiopia's primary cereal crops, the yields of maize are currently believed to be low owing to low soil fertility, continuous farming, and poor crop management. A field experiment was carried out on the Nitisols of Pawe Research Station in northwest Ethiopia during the 2020-21 cropping season to evaluate the effects of the integrated application of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and maize yield. The treatments were a factorial combination of four levels of FYM (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 34.5, 69, and 103.5 kg ha-1) in the form of urea. Besides, 46 kg ha-1 P2O5 fertilizer was applied for all treatments. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replications. The result showed that combined applications of FYM and N fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) improved the soil pH, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable calcium. The combined application of 10 t ha-1 FYM and 69 kg ha-1 N recorded the highest maize grain yield (10,035.8 kg ha-1) and thousand-grain weight (415.97 g), while the interaction of 103.5 kg ha-1 N and 15 t ha-1 FYM produced the highest biomass yield (25.83 t ha-1). The combined application of 10 t ha-1 FYM and 69 kg ha-1N is therefore recommended for economical production (net benefit of 81,258.7 ETB ha-1 and acceptable MRR of 497.96%) of maize and soil fertility improvement in the study area and areas with similar agro-ecology
The Linguistic Features of Some Selected Murder Cases from Ethiopian Federal High Courtrooms
No full textAbstract
In Ethiopia, police and prosecutor investigations of murder cases are doubted to define the guilty mind of the suspect. To overwhelm the challenge, the study has presented the implementation of linguistic knowledge to support and substantiate evidence in advancing accurate fact-finding. The study has proposed the following questions (1) what linguistic features do attest in murder cases? And (2) how does a linguistic tool help to detect fabricated expressions of suspects and testimonies? To answer these questions, the study has employed a qualitative method and collected defendants' statements and text and voice corpus from the federal high courts. The result showed that suspects in murder cases use distorting, manipulating pieces of information, and violating maxims of conversation, mentally to escape from the crime scene but not deny the crime completely. Besides, the linguistic cues identified in the study are the result of suspects’ mental escape; these cues are the tense of the verb, temporal lacuna, change in references, social introduction, and passive voice.
 
የወር አበባ ክልከላዎች እና ማኅበራዊ ተጽእኖዎቻቸው፦ በካፋ ዞን ማኅበረሰብ ተተኳሪነት
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ይህ ጥናት ከወር አበባ ጋር የተያያዙ ልማዳዊ ድርጊቶችን ማጥናት ላይ አተኩሯል። ዋና አላማው ከወር አበባ ጋር በተያያዘ ሴቶች ላይ የሚደርሰውን ማህበራዊ ተጽእኖ ማሳየት ነው። ጥናቱ በካፋ ዞን በሚገኙ የካፋቾ፣ የናኦ እና የጻራ ብሔረሰቦች ላይ ተወስኗል። መረጃዎች ምልከታና ቃለ መጠይቅን በመጠቀም ተሰብስበዋል። በመረጃ ሰጪነት ወንዶችም ሴቶችም እንዲሁም ለመረጃ ማስተንተኛነት የማህበራዊ ውክልና ንድፈ ሀሳብ ተመርጠዋል። መረጃዎቹ እንደሚያመለክቱት አንዲት ሴት የወር አበባ ስታይ ከቤት ትወጣለች፤ ውሎዋና አዳሯ ከዋናው ቤት ውጪ በተሰራች አነስተኛ መጠለያ ውስጥ ይሆናል፤ እርሷ ያዘጋጀችውን ምግብ ሌላ ሰው አይመገብም፤ በተለይ እርሷ ያዘጋጀችዉን ምግብ ባለቤትዋ ከተመገበ ከባድ ችግር ይከሰታል ተብሎ ይታመናል። የወር አበባ እየታያት እቤት ውስጥ ከገባች ውቃቢ ይጣላታል፤ ልትታወር ትችላለች፤ ልትሞትም ትችላለች የሚል እምነት አለ። በመሆኑም በመኖሪያ ቤትዋ ውስጥ እያለች ድንገት የወር አበባ ቢታያት፣ ከቤትዋ ወጥታ ስትመለስ የመንጻት ሥርዓት እንዲፈጸምላትና ሁኔታዎችን እንድታመቻች ባህሉ ያስገድዳታል። በጥናቱ ውጤት መሰረት በተጠኑት ብሔረሰቦች ሴትነት በተለይ ከወር አበባ ጋር ተያይዞ የሀጥያት እና ንጹህ ያለመሆን ትዕምርት ተደርጎ ይወሰዳል። አንዲት ሴት የወር አበባ በምታይባቸው ቀናት ከቤተሰብ እንድትነጠል የሚያስገድደው ልማድ በመኖሩም ሴቷ በማኅበራዊም ሆነ በስነልቦና ረገድ የሚደርስባት ተጽእኖ ከፍተኛ ነው። የወር አበባ ለአቅመ ሄዋን የመድረስ መገለጫ ነው፤ ዘር ይቀጥል ዘንድ ተፈጥሮአዊ ጸጋ የሆነው የወር አበባ ሚናም የላቀ ነው፤ በመሆኑም ይህን ማኅበረሰቡ ተረድቶ ሴቶችም አስፈላጊውን ጥንቃቄ እያደረጉ በቤታቸው እንዲቆዩ አልያም መገለል እንዳይደርስባቸው የግንዛቤ ማስጨበጫ ስራ በሚመለከታቸው አካላት ቢሰራ መልካም ነው።
 
The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Fiscal Behaviour of Local Government in Ethiopia
No full textThis paper examines the effect of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on the fiscal behaviour of local governments in Ethiopia for the period 2004-2018. The empirical findings suggest that central government grants bolster state-level employment and expenditure. However, grants from the central government to states do not crowd out state-level revenue collection. Hence, this paper argues that fiscal decentralisation in Ethiopia has mostly, at least in theory, taken the form of devolution of the power to tax and spend public money. However, on average state-level revenue can only finance up to 26 percent of their annual expenditure. As a result, fiscal federalism in Ethiopia appears to be a delegation of spending responsibilities. It must be considered in a decentralized tax system, but with a transfer scheme and political hierarchy. The results are robust to alternative econometric estimation techniques
Temporal deictics in the Arsi-Bale dialect of Oromo
No full textThis study investigates how temporal deictics—expressions used for locating the time points of actions or states of being—are encoded in the Arsi-Bale dialect of Oromo in south east Ethiopia. The data were gathered from recorded interviews of native speakers, and field notes. Introspection was also employed for verification. The data collected were transcribed, analyzed, categorized and interpreted. The findings of the qualitative research show that the dialect encodes temporal deictics lexically, in a composite manner and grammatically. Lexical temporal deictics are either simple, restricted (specified with modifiers) or extended. In respect of composite encoding, time specifications and words of various classes are used in a syntactic structure. Grammatical encoding involves inflection and periphrasis for marking aspect/tense. Deriving names for new born babies from parts of the day at which those babies were born (appellative temporal deictics) and using some temporal deictics for metaphoric purposes are interesting features of the Arsi-Bale dialect. 
ዕርቀሰላም፡- የቱለማ ኦሮሞ ሀገር በቀል የግጭት አፈታት ስልት መቋጫ
No full textየዚህ ጥናት ዓብይ ዓላማ የቱለማ ኦሮሞን ሀገር በቀል የግጭት አፈታት ስልት መተንተን ነው፡፡ በዚህ መሰሉ የሰላም ፍኖት አቀራረብ እራሱን ችሎ የተሰራ ጥናት አላገኘንም፡፡ ይኸውም አነሳሽ ምክንያት ሆኗል፡፡ ለጥናቱ ስኬት አስፈላጊ የሆኑ ቀዳማይ እና ካልዓይ የሆኑ መረጃዎች ተሰብስበው ተተንትነዋል፡፡ ቀዳማይ መረጃዎቹ በምልከታ፣ ቃለመጠይቅ እና የቡድን ውይይትን የተሰበሰቡ ናቸው፡፡ ጥናቱ ዓይነታዊ የምርምር ዘዴን ተግባራዊ ያደረገ ሲሆን በገላጭ ስልት የተቃኘ ነው፡፡ የተጠቀሱትን ስነዘዴዎች ለጥናቱ መመልከቻነት ከመረጥናቸው ፅንሰ ሃሳባዊ እና ንድፈ ሃሳባዊ ማዕቀፎች ጋር በማቀናጀት የጥናታችንን ዓላማ ከግብ አድርሰናል፡፡ በዚሁ መሠረት በኅብረተሰቡ ዘንድ ዕርቅ እና ሰላም (Araara fi naga’a) ለማስፈን ባህላዊ የሽምግልና፣ ሸነቻ፣ ቂጤ (Qixxee) እና የጉማ ሥርዓት ከፍተኛ ሚና እንዳላቸው በዚህ ጥናት ተመላክቷል፡፡ እነዚህን የግጭት አፈታት ስልቶች ውጤታማ ለማድረግ እንደ “ቦኩ፣ ከለቻ እና ጫጩ” ያሉ የከበሩ ንዋያት የማይተካ ሚና አላቸው፡፡ በተለይም የጉማ ሥርዓትን ካለ ከለቻ እና ጫጩ ማሰብ አስቸጋሪ ነው፡፡ የሀገር በቀል እውቀት ውጤት የሆኑት እነዚህ የኦሮሞ ባህላዊ የግጭት አፈታት ስልቶች ዋና ማጠንጠኛቸው እውነት፣ ግባቸውም ዘላቂ ሰላምን ማስፈን ስለሆነ ከዕርቅ በኋላ የጥላቻ እና የበቀል ስሜትን አጥፍቶ በፍቅር እና በሰላም አብሮ ለመኖር ጉልህ ድርሻ እንዳላቸውም የጥናቱ ማጠቃለያ ያሳያል፡፡ ከጥናቱ የመነጨ ይሁንታም ቀርቧል፡
Determinants of Non-Life Insurance Business Development in Ethiopia
No full textThis study examines the macro-economic and firm-specific determinants of non-life insurance business development in Ethiopia by adopting quantitative research approach followed by the explanatory research design. The National Bank of Ethiopia and the insurance companies are the sources of data that covers 9 years from the period 2010 to 2019. Twelve insurance companies were selected based on the required data availability for the purpose of this study. Based on the Hausman fixed-random specification test, random effect regression model was employed. This study found that financial development, firm size, and premium growth strongly favor non-life insurance business in Ethiopia. Similarly, GDP growth and trade openness have insignificant and positive effects on non-life business development in Ethiopia. The study, however, confirmed that underwriting risk hinders the development of Ethiopian non-life insurance business. The study also revealed an insignificant negative effects of Leverage onEthiopian non-life insurance business development. The study finally suggested the insurance companies should give due attention on underwriting and revisit their sources of finance as leverage hinders their business development
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION ON THE FERTILITY OF TtIE RURAL POPULATION OF ETHIOPIA
Get PDFDrawing on the experience of pre·revolutionory Russia,Poland, India, the Philippines and Kenya, an attempt is mode to assessthe implications the 1975 Land Reform will ha ve on fertility in ruralEthiopia, The experience of these countries strongly suggests that inthe shorf run, the 1975 land Reform will have powerful positiveeffect on tile fertility of tile rural population. Change in fovour ofsmaller families will set in once the peasant mode of productionbecomes progressively socialized
Promoting Sustainable Development through Carbon Trade and CO, Sequestration: The Case of Humbo Assisted Natural Regeneration Project in Southwestern Ethiopia
Get PDFEthiopia being a developing country and a signalory to the KyolO Protocol has ahigh potential for gaining Carbon Credits through the implementation of CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) projects. The Humbo Assisted NaturalRegeneration Project is already developed and registered under the CDM scheme.The objective oftlris study is to assess the trends of the CDM carbon sequestrationproject and its contribution to sustainable development in southern Ethiopia.Selected sllstainable development indicators Ihat include environmental, economicand social categories were used for the evaluation of the project perfonnance.Data were collected using household survey (l00 households) and key infonnaminterviews. Afour-poim Likert scale questionnaire was IIsed to collect data with a0.85 level of Cronbach 's alpha coefficient. Most environmental indicators evafllated have shown a Significant improvement. All the economic indicatorsassessed including household income, employment opportunities, technologicaltransfers have also shown improvemem. This also holds true for most assessedsocial indicators: property rights clarification, community participation, andcapacity building. Exceptions are women's participation, distribution of benefitsand costs in Ihe cooperatives, and agreement on carbon trade income distribution.The Humbo Project has opened up an opportunity to promote sustainabledevelopment while there is a challenge of integrating it with the socio-economicand political context of the country. Hence, clarifying and mainstreaming theissues surrounding CDM and sllstainable developmenl in the Ethiopian context arefound to be of great importance
Impact of Agricultural Diversification And Off-farm Income on Food Security Of Rural Households in Northwest Ethiopia: A dose-response analysis
Get PDFFood insecurity is a colossal and universal problem in developing countries like Ethiopia and the situation is grave in rural areas. To increase household food security in rural areas, agriculture must be diversified and off-farm jobs must be promoted. This study examines the effect of farm diversification and off-farm employment opportunities on food security in Bure, Dangila and Bahirdar Zuria districts in northwest Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data were generated from 295 randomly selected rural households. We used generalized linear regression model for estimating dose-response functions adjusted for generalized propensity score as treatments were continuous and not necessarily normally distributed. The findings revealed that diversifying crops during rainy season production up to a certain level of intensity (0.3) and specialization in dry season have enhanced food consumption and dietary diversity in the study areas. Livestock diversity has also improved food security mainly from diverse food groups (0.6). The paper recommends households focus on cash crops production to increase income during dry season, and promoting diversification up to certain level during rainy season to increase food security through subsistence and income pathways. Off-farm employment is also suggested as a means of enhancing household resilience to withstand shocks and improve agricultural productivity